一种新型的用于激波折射、绕射和干扰研究的组合设备

本文介绍一种新型的激波风洞-激波管组合设备。作为它的应用,文中还给出了在常规设备上所难以进行的三项实验:“运动激波在射流边界上的折射”,“波前有流动情况下的激波绕射”和“运动激波-头激波干扰”,并对所观察到的一些新的现象进行了分析和讨论。     

带激波的一维非定常两相流动的数值模拟

本文将处理带激波的单相气体非定常流动问题的两种高分辨数值方法(随机取样法和二阶GRP有限差分法)推广应用于气固悬浮体(亦称含灰气体)两相情况,计算了含灰气体激波管中两相激波特性、波后流场结构及气固两相流动参数随时间的变化.数值结果表明:这两种方法均能给出带有尖锐间断阵面的两相激波松弛结构.二阶GRP方法在计算精度和机时耗用等方面优于随机取样法.     

两相流的相弛豫理论

本文从三个基本假设出发,提出了两相流的相弛豫理论.对气体-固体微粒两相系,从两相系Boltzmann运动论方程组出发,推导了相弛豫理论的基本方程组;并讨论了基本方程组的性质以及求解方法。分析计算了激波在气体-固体微粒混合物中传播的例子,阐明了强激波弛豫不符合标准指数弛豫律,而是一种动力学弛豫律。最后提出了试验确定固粒群弛豫速率的设想及途径。     

稀相气固悬浮体越过沿平面匀速运动激波后的流动结构*

本文给出气固悬浮体中激波感生边界层的渐近数值分析,其中计及了作用于固体粒子的Saf-fman升力.研究结果表明粒子横越边界层的迁移导致了粒子轨道的交叉,因此对目前通用的含灰气体模型应做相应的修正.本文利用匹配渐近展开方法得到了匀速运动激波后方的两相侧壁边界层方程,详细描述了在Lagrange坐标下计算颗粒相流动参数的方法,并给出了粒子浓度很低情况下的数值结果.     

弱斜激波的稳定性

讨论平面斜激波对固壁扰动的稳定性. 通过对沿光滑固壁的定常超音速流的激波生成、激波整体构造以及解的渐近性态的分析, 得到了含弱平面斜激波的广义解的稳定性,它可以作为熵条件的补充用于选取物理上合理的广义解.     

Watson变换及其应用

该文讨论Watson变换和它在电磁波理论及工程中的应用。针对这一变换在高频电磁波问题中的应用,研究了复积分路径变换原则和选取方法,研究了曲面绕射理论中不同区域绕射函数宗量、波场振幅、绕射相位函数的一致性问题;得到了这类参量的一致性函数表达式。     

表面绕射射线的焦距与扩展因子

用几何绕射理论(G.T.D.)计算导弹及飞行体上的天线的辐射特性,或解决其他绕射问题时,都必须用到表面绕射射线的焦距和扩展因子。现有文献对扩展因子有不同的定义。并且只有部份结果,缺乏系统的数学处理,有的结果还有错误,给应用带来了困难。本文首先求得了任意曲面上绕射射线的焦距和扩展因子的一般公式,然后给出应用上重要的圆柱面、球、圆锥面上二者的结果。这样,本文为曲面绕射的工程应用提供了必要的基础。     

凹形双级楔的超音速绕流

讨论均匀的超音速气流对凹形双级楔物体的绕流问题.由于外激波与凹角处产生的内激波的相互干扰,将有一个疏散波在外激波与物面之间无限次反射,且外激波发生弯曲.在弱激波以及双级楔的两个斜率充分小的假定下,证明了整体解的存在性,并对数值计算中常用的关于解的极限性态的事实给出了一个严格的证明.     

微蜂窝环境中无线接收信号的特性分析研究

基于镜像原理,建立了反向射线追踪模型,同时基于有效反射面的概念,给出了辨别有效像点的充要判据.在包含绕射点路径的处理上,提出绕射路径分解方法,使得模型可以处理多次绕射问题.证明了二维情形下能量与场强之间存在正比关系.通过分析视距传播中的反射情形和非视距传播中的绕射情形,给出计算给定传播途径上接收点处场强的离散化方法.利用单频问题中Rayleigh分布规律,提出通过半经验模型得到的合场强幅值估算概率密度函数的方法.     

位势流方程同类激波与单波的相互作用

本文讨论了空气动力学中，不定常位势流同类激波与单波的相互作用在初等波充分弱的假定下，对同类激波与甲波相互作用时单波与激波互相穿透（若入射单波在激波的超音速一侧）或单波被激波反射（若入射单波在激波的亚音速一侧）的情形给出了解的存在性，并对它们相互作用后的（出射）单波的膨涨或压缩性，进行了详细的讨论；从而获得了二维位势流方程同类激波与单波相互作用的完整的结果．     

Diffraction of normal shock wave by yawed wedges

The diffraction of normal shock with yawed wedges of small angles have been considered in this paper. Vorticity distribution of the fluid particle over the diffracted shock has been determined for several Mach numbers of the shock wave. The Mach reflection effects have also been investigated when the bend is concave to the flow.     

Diffraction of normal shock wave by yawed wedges

The diffraction of normal shock with yawed wedges of small angles have been considered in this paper. Vorticity distribution of the fluid particle over the diffracted shock has been determined for several Mach numbers of the shock wave. The Mach reflection effects have also been investigated when the bend is concave to the flow.     

A hybrid scheme of the discrete sources method for analyzing boundary value problems of nano-optics

The problem of the diffraction of a plane linearly polarized wave on a nanodimensional elongated particle located on a permeable substrate is considered. A hybrid scheme of the discrete sources method with allowance for particle geometry is used to construct the solution. The proposed scheme is substantiated mathematically with certain constraints on particle thickness. Numerical results illustrating the capabilities of the method are presented.     

Justification of an integro-functional method for diffraction problems in the presence of a half-space

In the present paper, we consider the discrete sources method as applied to the analysis of a scalar problem of the diffraction of a plane wave on a particle partly immersed in an absorbing half-space. The convergence of the method is proved with the use of a system of surface integral equations. We prove the Fredholm property of the obtained system and its unique solvability.     

Direct particle motion and interaction modeling method applied to simulate propellant burn

A direct particle motion and particle interaction modeling method was developed to provide an alternative means of capturing the fundamental phenomena occurring during the burning of propellant grains. Individual propellant grains and other moving components are directly incorporated into the computational domain, removing the need for correlations for particle drag and interaction effects. The motion of the individual particles is calculated from the locally acting fluid induced and collision effect forces and moments. Particle/object interactions are handled through a soft particle collision algorithm. Localized mass and energy sources, accompanied by a shrinking particle size, simulate the effects of the combustion process.     

Modeling of the Wear Particle Flow in Tribological Contacts

The dynamics of tribological systems with pronounced memory effects are characterized by the complex coupling of mechanical, thermal, and chemical processes. At the Institute of Dynamics and Vibrations in Braunschweig, Cellular Automata have been developed that facilitate the evaluation of dynamics in technically relevant systems within a reasonable time. The flow of wear material is decisive for the formation, localization, and reconstitution of load-bearing structures or films. In this paper, two opposed frictional contacts are chosen exemplarily for the investigation of the wear particle flow: a vehicle brake system and the sanding of wood. For this purpose, a modeling technique is proposed that is based on established force laws for micro particles and differentiates mechanisms of transport for different phases of the particle movement. The resulting transport of a single particle interacting with the topology of the frictional gap is analyzed for varying particle properties and process parameters. In a second step the insights are transferred to a set of rules for a Cellular Automaton which allows for quick evaluation and the incorporation of coupled effects. The validity and quality of the model transfer are discussed. (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

粒子超(广义)非线性速度、时间的相对不对称性效应和随体动力学公式

描述了粒子作高速运动时的超(广义)非线性速度、时间的相对不对称性效应和随体动力学诸公式.不对称性效应能解释次级宇宙线μ介子出现寿命延长的问题;也解释了着名的孪生子佯谬中谁年轻的争论问题.最后建立了随体的粒子动力学诸公式.     

湍流边界层中固体小颗粒湍流运动的Lagrangian模型

给出了固体小颗粒在边界层中的Lagrangian运动方程,方程中包括受壁面影响的粘性阻力,Saffman升力及Magus升力等.使用频谱法,得到了颗粒响应流体的Lagrangian能谱的表达式,使用这些结果研究了各种响应特性.本文的结果清楚地表明了固体个颗粒在湍流扩散过程中,其湍流扩散是可能大于流体的.     

Numerical Investigation of Particulate Flow over a Backward‐Facing Step

Flow separation and recirculation caused by a sudden expansion in the channel geometry in the form of a backwardfacing step (BFS) appear in numerous practical applications. Additionally, BFS flow has been used as a generic test case to study fundamental flow properties, such as separation or re‐attachment. In the present work, BFS flow laden with dispersed particles is investigated by numerical simulations using a spectral element method [1]. The motion of the dispersed particles is computed by Lagrangian particle tracking. In a first step, only the influence of the flow on the particles is accounted for, while possible effects of the particle motion on the flow are neglected. Spatial distribution of the particles is investigated, and effects of different wall‐particle interaction models on the computational results are examined.     

颗粒的有限尺寸对颗粒在均匀各向同性湍流中扩散的影响

本文指出固体颗粒对流体湍流运动的响应有不同的机理,颗粒受大涡的粘性拖动,但受小涡的随机碰撞.基于这种原理,本文计算了有限尺寸的固体颗粒在均匀各向同性湍流中的扩散.结果显示存在着二种相互抵消的效应:颗粒的惯性使颗粒长期扩散系数上升,而颗粒尺寸使颗粒的长期扩散系数下降.