一种基于相渗资料与动态数据的裂缝和基质水驱动用程度计算方法

利用水驱油机理研究裂缝性油藏注水开发过程中裂缝系统、基质系统产量贡献与采收率变化规律,对制定油田开发技术政策具有重要意义.根据注采守恒原理和渗吸机理,利用Welge水驱方程,推导了水驱开发过程中裂缝系统、基质系统的产油量、采出程度计算方法.该方法基于相渗资料和动态数据,利用Welge水驱方程通过产出端含水率计算裂缝系统含水饱和度,采用注采守恒原理计算裂缝系统、基质系统的存水量,根据渗吸机理计算裂缝系统、基质系统水驱储量采出程度,最终计算得到水驱开发过程中裂缝系统、基质系统的含水饱和度、含水率、产油量与采出程度变化情况.实例计算表明,该方法能够表征裂缝性油藏水驱开发过程中裂缝系统、基质系统的含水变化特征与水驱开发规律,可为制定该类油田开发技术政策提供依据.     

幂律流体在分形介质中不定常椭圆渗流

以椭圆渗流模型为基础,得到了分形油藏中,垂直裂缝井的幂律型非牛顿流体的定常渗流的压力分布公式和产量公式;并用数值差分的方法研究了分形油藏中,垂直裂缝井的不定常渗流,分析了分形参数对不定常压力的影响;同时从平均质量守恒方程出发,得到了相应的不定常渗流的近似解析解。分析表明:用椭圆渗流模型研究垂直裂缝井的渗流,大大简化了渗流问题的复杂性。     

整体压裂裂缝导流能力与储层渗透率匹配关系研究

针对低渗透油藏存在非达西渗流的问题,建立了整体压裂三维油水两相油藏和裂缝系统的数学模型,并采用有限差分法进行求解.利用建立的数学模型,针对不同储层渗透率级别,研究裂缝导流能力对油井产能的影响.结果表明:在各级储层渗透率级别下,随着裂缝导流能力的增加,采油强度逐渐增加,但增加的幅度越来越小.在此基础上,引入采油强度变化率的概念,确定了不同储层渗透率级别下裂缝导流能力与采油强度变化率的关系,进而得到不同储层渗透率级别下的最佳裂缝导流能力.为合理、高效开发低渗透油藏提供技术支持与保障.     

两相流体非线性渗流模型及其应用

基于三参数非线性渗流运动定律、质量守恒定律及椭圆渗流的概念,建立了低渗透介质中两相流体椭圆非线性渗流数学模型,运用有限差分法与外推法求得了其解,导出了两相流体椭圆非线性渗流条件下油井见水前后开发指标的计算公式,进行了实例分析。结果表明:非线性渗流对含水饱和度分布影响较大;非线性渗流使得水驱油推进速度比线性渗流的快,使油井见水时间提前,使得石油开发指标变差;非线性渗流使得同一时刻的压差比线性渗流的大,使石油开发难度加大。这为低渗油藏垂直裂缝井开发工程提供了科学依据。     

油藏渗流问题的新模型及其精确解

本文在考虑到井筒储集和表皮效应情况下,利用双重介质渗流方程组建立了油藏渗流问题的新模型,并通过各种极限形式得到了外边界为无限大,有界封闭,有界定压三种情况下二类常见油藏(裂缝性油藏,均质油藏)内压力分布的精确解析表达式.     

基于灰色关联法的水平井压裂参数优化研究

针对低渗透薄互砂岩油藏A油田C9区块水平井井区储层物性差、非均质性强、开发难度大等问题,为改善水平井井区开发效果、提高水平井单井产能,应用灰色关联法,结合数值模拟软件,分析影响压裂水平井产能的主要因素,开展水平井压裂参数优化研究,结果表明裂缝半长和裂缝间距是影响压裂水平井产能的主要因素,优选出水平井压裂方案:裂缝半长为...     

洼38块特稠油油藏流-固-热三场耦合规律研究

近年来,随着石油的不断开发开采,在研究高压注水,稠油热采等涉及到温度剧烈变化的研究领域中,油藏工作者难以通过经典的渗流力学理论和传统的油藏数值模拟方法得到有效、合理的解释,必须考虑到温度场、渗流场、应力场三场相互影响、相互作用、相互变化等相关变化因素.基于考虑热弹性的岩石应力一应变关系、地下流体运动定律、能量守恒定律,建立包括油水两相渗流控制方程、岩石变形体控制方程、温度场控制方程的稠油油藏三场耦合数学模型,运用全耦合算法实现同时求解所有耦合方程组,研究了应用有限元分析软件ADINA进行三场耦合规律的建模过程与方法.以小洼油田洼38块为例研究三场耦合规律.结果表明:距离井筒越近,其总位移、温度场、应力场、渗流场及岩石物性参数越会产生明显的变化;距离井筒越远,其变化越不明显.距离井筒越近的储层温度变化越剧烈,而距离井筒越远的储层温度变化越缓;井筒周围的温度变化呈现倒置漏斗形状,随着注水的不断进行,漏斗会逐渐平缓;最后储层各点的温度会平衡在同一温度水平线上,达到平衡状态.模型较为真实的模拟油藏实际开采情况.     

箱式封闭油藏中水平井压力分析

本文研究了箱式封闭油藏水平井之三维不定常渗流问题。用积分变换、汇源叠加等方法求得其数学模型的Laplace变换解式并建立了快速、实用的应用方法,其中包括:水平井压力分布公式、井壁压力典型曲线计算方法、控制参数(团)调参分析。因而本文的结果可方便地用于水平井不稳定试井资料的分析与解释。     

低渗透非均质油藏油水两相渗流敏感系数理论模型

本文研究了低渗透油藏低速非达西油水两相渗流的反问题，建立了基于动态信息的油藏敏感系数计算模型，给出了井底压力和水油比关于渗透率和孔隙度的敏感系数的有效算法，为油藏数值模自动拟合和油藏精细描述算法提供了理论基础。     

应用模糊综合评判方法识别水驱优势渗流通道井和层

在油田注水开发过程中,由于储层平面非均质性、流体非均质性及开发条件的影响,在平面上会出现注入水突进的情况.注水井中的注入水向不同方向驱油,推进往往是不均匀的,一般总有一个方向突进最快,且经过长期水洗之后,这个方向有可能发展成大孔道,形成水驱优势渗流通道.建立应用模糊综合评判方法识别水驱优势渗流通道井和层的数学模型,应用水驱优势渗流通道分析判定软件,对河南双河油田ⅦⅣ油组主力油层(Ⅷ1、Ⅳ1、4、5)274口井进行了实例计算,识别出水驱优势渗流通道油水井共97口,其中水井43口,油井54口,识别出14个水驱优势渗流层位.通过油藏工程和数值模拟方法进行了验证,表明运用综合评判方法识别水驱优势渗流通道井和层是一种客观有效的方法,评价方法计算方便,易于操作和推广.     

缝洞型低渗透碳酸盐岩油藏压裂井试井分析

缝洞型碳酸盐岩在我国油气资源储量中占有重要地位,因此,研究缝洞型碳酸盐岩压裂井井底压力变化具有重要意义.基于渗流力学基本原理,建立考虑应力敏感和启动压力梯度影响的碳酸盐岩渗流微分方程,利用点源函数理论、Laplace积分变换和Fourier余弦积分变换等方法求得Laplace空间顶底封闭、侧向无限大外边界点源解,通过对点源积分得到面源解;通过Stehfest数值反演得到实空间井底压力解并绘制试井曲线.通过模型对比分析验证了模型的正确性.结果表明:应力敏感系数越大,压力和压力导数曲线上翘越明显;启动压力梯度越大,压力和压力导数曲线上翘时间越早;压裂井打开程度越小,压力导数球形流特征越明显;窜流系数越大,“凹子”出现的时间越早;弹性储容比越大,“凹子”越宽越深.利用该模型可以有效地对缝洞型低渗透碳酸盐岩油藏压裂井的动态曲线进行分析.     

Analysis of diffusion process in fractured reservoirs using fractional derivative approach

The fractal geometry is used to model of a naturally fractured reservoir and the concept of fractional derivative is applied to the diffusion equation to incorporate the history of fluid flow in naturally fractured reservoirs. The resulting fractally fractional diffusion (FFD) equation is solved analytically in the Laplace space for three outer boundary conditions. The analytical solutions are used to analyze the response of a naturally fractured reservoir considering the anomalous behavior of oil production. Several synthetic examples are provided to illustrate the methodology proposed in this work and to explain the diffusion process in fractally fractured systems.     

Complex analytical solutions for flow in hydraulically fractured hydrocarbon reservoirs with and without natural fractures

Reservoir drainage towards producer wells in a hydraulically and naturally fractured reservoir is visualized by using an analytical streamline simulator that plots streamlines, time-of-flight contours and drainage contours based on complex potentials. A new analytical expression is derived to model the flow through natural fractures with enhanced hydraulic conductivity. Synthetic examples show that in an otherwise homogeneous reservoir even a small number of natural fractures may severely affect streamline patterns and distort the drainage contours. Multiple parallel natural fractures result in a drainage region that is narrower in the direction normal to the natural fractures while the drainage reach is larger in the natural fracture direction. Reservoirs with numerous natural fractures are shown to be characterized by more tortuous drainage patterns than reservoirs without natural fractures. Finally, the analytical flow model for naturally fractured reservoirs is applied to a natural analog of flow into hydraulic fractures. The tendency of the injected fluid to stay confined to the fracture network as opposed to matrix flow is entirely controlled by the hydraulic conductivity contrast between the fracture network and the matrix.     

Derivation of the Double Porosity Model of a Compressible Miscible Displacement in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs

We derive a double porosity model for a displacement of one compressible miscible fluid by another in a naturally fractured reservoir. The microscopic model consists of the usual equations describing Darcy flow in a reservoir except that the porosity and the permeability coefficients are highly discontinuous. The viscosity is assumed to be constant. Over the matrix domain, the coefficients are scaled by a parameter ? representing the size of the matrix blocks. This scaling preserves the physics of the flow in the matrix as ? tends to zero. Using homogenization theory, we derive rigorously the corresponding double porosity model. To this purpose, we mainly use the concept of two-scale convergence. The less permeable part of the rock then contributes as nonlinear memory terms. To specify them in spite of the strong nonlinearities and of the coupling, we then use some appropriate dilation operator.     

On a nonlinear hyperbolic problem arising in two-phase flows in naturally fractured reservoirs

A system of two first-order quasilinear equations consisting of one nonhomogenous hyperbolic conservation law and an ordinary differential equation is investigated in two spatial dimensions. The initial boundary-value problem is solved for the system and existence, uniqueness, and stability theorems are proved. We also obtain a result on the behavior of the solution when time goes to infinity which agrees with practical experience. These results offer mathematical validation to computer models in current usage for the numerical simulation of multiphase flow in naturally fractured reservoirs.     

考虑基岩向井筒供气的气藏压裂水平井产能预测模型

基于等效井径模型,综合考虑各裂缝不同参数、裂缝变质量入流和井筒变质量流动等因素的影响,建立并求解了基岩和压裂缝同时向井筒供气的井筒与气藏耦合的压裂水平井产能预测模型.研究分析了压裂水平井产能敏感因素.结果表明:压裂水平井的产能随裂缝条数、裂缝半长、裂缝间距的增加而增加;为获得较高的产能,压裂时应尽可能保持裂缝与井筒垂直;压裂缝条数一定时,裂缝越长、间距越大,压裂缝产能贡献越大,而裂缝越短、间距越小时,基岩向井筒供气的贡献越大,压裂缝贡献相对较小.研究成果为气藏压裂水平井设计提供了科学依据.     

Homogenization and simulation for compositional flow in naturally fractured reservoirs

A dual porosity model of multidimensional, multicomponent, multiphase flow in naturally fractured reservoirs is derived by the mathematical theory of homogenization. A fully compositional model is considered where there are N chemical components, each of which may exist in any or all of the three phases: gas, oil, and water. Special attention is paid to developing a general approach to incorporating gravitational forces, pressure gradient effects, and effects of mass transfer between phases. In particular, general equations for the interactions between matrix and fracture systems are obtained under homogenization by a careful scaling of these effects. Using this dual porosity compositional model, numerical experiments are reported for the benchmark problems of the sixth comparative solution project organized by the society of petroleum engineers.     

Optimizing fracture design based on a novel RBF neural network

The factors affecting performance of fractured wells are analyzed in this work. The static and dynamic geologic data of fractured well and fracturing treatment parameters obtained from 51 fractured wells in sand reservoirs of Zhongyuan oilfield are analyzed by applying the grey correlation method. Ten parameters are screened, including penetrability, porosity, net thickness, oil saturation, water cut, average daily production, and injection rate, amount cementing front spacer, amount sand-carrying agent and amount sand. With the novel Radial Basis Function neural network model based on immune principles, 13 parameters of 42 wells out of 51 are used as the input samples and the stimulation ratios as the output samples. The nonlinear interrelationship between the input samples and output samples are investigated, and a productivity prediction model of optimizing fracture design is established. The data of the rest 7 wells are used to test the model. The results show that the relative errors are all less than 7%, which proves that the novel Radial Basis Function neural network model based on immune principles has less calculation, high precision and good generalization ability.     

基于应力敏感的天然裂缝性页岩气藏双孔模型解的结构

针对天然裂缝性页岩气藏,研究了3种外边界条件（无穷大、定压、封闭）及内边界条件下的定产量生产问题,并建立了考虑应力敏感性和解析吸附的不稳定渗流的试井分析模型.先对此模型作线性化处理;然后通过摄动法以及利用Laplace变换,求得线性化后的无因次储层压力的Laplace空间精确解;最后根据解的相似结构理论,给出了求解该模型解结构的步骤,并且定义了3种外边界条件下的相似核函数,发现了此模型在3种外边界条件下精确解之间的相似结构.这项研究不仅为编制试井分析软件提供便利, 提高计算效率,而且对页岩气藏渗流理论的研究具有重要意义,也为页岩气藏渗流模型的求解提供了一种新的方法.