Die Kristallstruktur von Ca2As2O7

The structure of Ca₂As₂O₇ (a ₀=7.05,b ₀=9.30,c ₀=4.89 Å; =101.3°; space groupC2/m-C _2h ³ ;Z=2) has been solved from 465 independent X-ray intensities collected on aWeissenberg-type diffractometer up to anR-factor of 2.4% for all intensities. The structure of Ca₂As₂O₇ represents a further Thortveitite structure type.

     

2-Azetidinones from 3-aminopropanoic acids and thePh 3P/CCl4(CBr4) orPh 3P/Br2(I2) condensation systems

The title complexes are used as intramolecular cyclization agents to yield under mild conditions and average to good yields 2-azetidinones from variously substituted 3-aminopropanoic acids. The reaction is found to proceed in all examined cases stereospecifically, with one exception. No marked difference with respect to yields and stereospecificity is noted among the four condensation systems.

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2-Azetidinone aus 3-Aminopropansäuren und Ph₃ P/CCl ₄(CBr ₄) oder Ph₃ P/Br ₂(I ₂) als Kondensationsmittel

Zusammenfassung Die im Titel angegebenen Systeme wurden als Cyclisationsreagentien eingesetzt, um aus substituierten 3-Aminopropansäuren 2-Azetidinone unter milden Bedingungen und mit durchschnittlichen bis guten Ausbeuten darzustellen. Mit einer Ausnahme läuft die Reaktion stereospezifisch. Bei den vier untersuchten Systemen wurde kein beträchtlicher Unterschied in bezug auf Ausbeute und Stereospezifität festgestellt.

     

CrOx-CeO2二元氧化物表面NO的NH3催化还原反应机理

利用原位漫反射红外光谱法研究了473 K下在CrOx-CeO₂二元氧化物表面NO的NH₃催化还原反应的机理。研究了CrO-CeO₂二元氧化物表面在反应过程中的表面吸附物种。为了更加清晰的了解反应过程, 在SCR反应过程中分别切断NH₃和NO的气流, 并采集了所生成的原位漫反射红外光谱图, 通过研究以上结果得出结论:当前状态下的SCR反应过程可能服从E-R机理。     

The formation of superconducting oxide phases in the (Bi,Pb)−Sr−Ca−Cu−O System

The crystallization mechanism of superconducting phases in the (Bi,Pb)?Sr?Ca?Cu?O system was determined on the basis of the results of DTA, DTG and TG studies, supplemented by X-ray examination of ceramic powders obtained by the sol-gel method. It has been demonstrated that the factor determining the formation of superconducting phases: Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_x (low-T _c ) and Bi₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_x (high-T _c ) is the kinetics of reaction of calcium and strontium carbonates with molten CuBi₂O₄. As a result of the reaction of the bimetallic compound CuBi₂O₄ with SrCO₃ in the liquid phase the compound Bi₂Sr₂CuO₆ is formed. This compound, reacting with calcium and copper oxides, yields superconducting phases: the low-T _c and the high-T _c phase. It has been also observed that an increase in the volume fraction of high-T _c phase in powder subjected to thermal treatment takes place probably due to the repeated disproportionation of low-T _c phase and its repeated synthesis from Bi₂Sr₂CuO₆, CuO and CaO.     

Die Kristallstruktur von TlFeSe2 und TlFeS2

TlFeSe₂ is monoclinic, space groupC2/m–C _2h ³ ,a=11.973 Å,b=5.490 Å,c=7.110 Å, =118.2°,Z=4.TlFeS₂ is isotypic witha=11.636 Å,b=5.304 Å,c=6.799 Å, =116.7°.The crystal structure of TlFeSe₂ has been determined from single crystal diffractometer data. Isotypy of the sulfide has been confirmed from powder diffraction data. The crystal structure containing infinite linear chains of edgesharing FeX ₄-tetrahedra, and its relationship to the thio- and selenoferrates of the alkali metals are discussed. The mineral raguinite is very probably isotypic to synthetic TlFeS₂.

     

Chromium(III) Hydroxide Solubility in The Aqueous Na+-OH?-H2PO?4-HPO2?4-PO3?4-H2O System: A Thermodynamic Model

Chromium(III)-phosphate reactions are expected to be important in managing high-level radioactive wastes stored in tanks at many DOE sites. Extensive studies on the solubility of amorphous Cr(III) solids in a wide range of pH (2.8–14) and phosphate concentrations (10^–4 to 1.0 m) at room temperature (22±2)°C were carried out to obtain reliable thermodynamic data for important Cr(III)-phosphate reactions. A combination of techniques (XRD, XANES, EXAFS, Raman spectroscopy, total chemical composition, and thermodynamic analyses of solubility data) was used to characterize solid and aqueous species. Contrary to the data recently reported in the literature,⁽¹⁾ only a limited number of aqueous species [Cr(OH)₃H₂PO^–₄, Cr(OH)₃(H₂PO₄)^2–₂), and Cr(OH)₃HPO^2–₄] with up to about four orders of magnitude lower values for the formation constants of these species are required to explain Cr(III)-phosphate reactions in a wide range of pH and phosphate concentrations. The log K^o values of reactions involving these species [Cr(OH)₃(aq)+H₂PO^–₄⇌Cr(OH)₃H₂PO^–₄; Cr(OH)₃(aq)+2H₂PO^–₄⇌Cr(OH)₃(H₂PO₄)^2–₂; Cr(OH)₃(aq)+HPO^2–₄⇌Cr(OH)₃HPO^2–₄] were found to be 2.78±0.3, 3.48±0.3, and 1.97±0.3, respectively.     

CrOx-CeO2二元氧化物表面NO的NH3催化还原反应机理

利用原位漫反射红外光谱法研究了473 K下在CrOx-CeO2二元氧化物表面NO的NH3催化还原反应的机理。研究了CrOx-CeO2二元氧化物表面在反应过程中的表面吸附物种。为了更加清晰的了解反应过程,在SCR反应过程中分别切断NH3和NO的气流,并采集了所生成的原位漫反射红外光谱图,通过研究以上结果得出结论:当前状态下的SCR反应过程可能服从ER机理。     

Die Phase La2U2N5

In the system U–La–N a new phase of composition La₂U₂N₅ was observed. The differaction pattern of this phase can be indexed with a tetragonal unit cell:a=8.43 Å,c=8.50 Å andc/a=1.008. The pseudocubic sub-cell withaca/2 is closely related to the CsCl-type.

Auszug aus der von der Technisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakuktät der TU Wien approbierten Diplomarbait des Herrn Dipl.-Ing.J. Waldhart.     

硅酸盐对Ferrihydrite相转化为α-Fe2O3微粒形貌的调控作用

以Ferrihydrite(又称水合氧化铁hydrous iron oxide)为反应前驱物, Fe(II)为催化剂, 在微量Na₂SiO₃存在下, 控制pH＝6～9范围内合成出了亚微米级纺锤形和准立方形α-Fe₂O₃微粒. 研究了初始pH, Na₂SiO₃浓度, Ferrihydrite老化方式对相转化时间和产物形貌的影响, 利用XRD, SEM等手段对产物进行了表征. 结果表明, Na₂SiO₃对Ferriihydrite催化相转化有一定的抑制作用, 是影响其相转化过程及产物形貌的关键. 在弱碱性条件下, [Si]/[Fe^3＋]为0.01时可直接获得纺锤形(轴比≥2)或准立方形(300～400 nm) α-Fe₂O₃粒子, 并对形成机理进行了初步讨论.     

The importance of valencep functions in the bonding of Na2, K2, and Cu2 and their positive and negative ions

Summary The relative importance of the valencep functions for describing the bonding in the valence isoelectronic Na₂, K₂, and Cu₂ molecules and their positive and negative ions is investigated. In absolute magnitude the contribution of thep functions to the dissociation energy follows the trend Cu>Na>K while by percentage of the dissociation energy the importance of thep functions follows the polarizabilities, i.e. K>Na>Cu. The bonding in K₂, K ₂ ⁺ , and K ₂ ^– is analyzed to explain the observed trends.Dedicated to Prof. Klaus Ruedenberg     

g-C3N4/Bi2O2CO32D纳米片复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能研究

采用自组装和化学沉淀法分别制得两种可见光驱动复合材料石墨相氮化碳/碳酸氧铋(g-C_3N_4/Bi_2O_2CO_3).采用X射线衍射光谱(XRD),紫外可见光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、N_2吸附、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析手段对制备的催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,制备方法对纳米复合材料的晶相、形态及光学性能没有影响,但是影响g-C_3N_4和Bi_2O_2CO_3之间的相互作用力,导致光生电子-空穴对的分离速率存在显著差异.以可见光驱动苯酚和罗丹明B的降解实验为探针反应检测催化剂的光催化性能.实验结果表明自组装法得到的异质结催化剂中相互作用力更强,催化效果最高.O_2-是罗丹明B降解反应的主要活性物种,染料的光敏化、Bi_2O_2CO_3与g-C_3N_4综合效应,导致光生载流子电荷分离效率更高.     

Na3Fe2S4, ein Thioferrat mit gemischt valenter sk∞/1[FeS2]-Kette

Na₃Fe₂S₄ has been prepared from Na₂S, S and Fe. It crystallizes in space group Pnma,a=6.6333 (5) Å,b=10.675 (1) Å,c=10.677 (2) Å,Z=4. The crystal structure, as determined from single crystal four-circle diffractometer data (R=2.8%), consists of sk/1[FeS₂]-chains formed by slightly distorted edge sharing [FeS₄]-tetrahedra, the iron atoms having a formal valency of +2.5. The sodium ions are approximately octahedrally coordinated. Exposed to air, Na₃Fe₂S₄ readily takes up water to form a hydrate by a pertially topochemical reaction.

     

Oxidative addition of dihydrogen to Ni(II) complexes.ab initio MO/MP4 calculations of the electronic structure of NiH2Cl2(PH3)2 complex

Electronic state d⁶ Ni(IV) in the complex [NiH₂Cl₂(PH₃)₂] was studied by means ofab initio MO/MP4 calculations.     

Catalytically Promoted NOx Sorption by ZrO2-Based Oxides

Metal promoted zirconia-based oxide sorbents, such as Pt–ZrO₂/Al₂O₃ for NO _x have been investigated. To clarify the role of the catalyst component, sorption of NO and NO₂ was compared using the samples with and without Pt. The catalytic oxidation of NO to NO₂ and successively to nitrate ions is an important role for the Pt catalyst. The experimental results indicate that a high-temperature calcination is essential to remove residual Cl from Pt–ZrO₂–Al₂O₃ prepared from H₂PtCl₆ in order to provide more active NO _x sorption sites. Of M–ZrO₂–Al₂O₃ samples investigated, ruthenium as well as Pt demonstrated relatively good performance as a catalyst component in the sorbent. The FT-IR spectra after sorption of NO and NO₂ demonstrated a strong band attributed to stored nitrate ions. The Pt catalyst was more resistant to sulfur poisoning than a base metal catalyst. However, the NO _x sorptive capacities of the Pt–ZrO₂/Al₂O₃ sorbents were expected to be deteriorated in dilute SO₂ as far as observed from FT-IR spectra.     

不同硅铝比Cu-ZSM-5纳米片上N2O催化分解

以双季铵盐表面活性剂为模板剂,水热条件下合成了硅铝比(nSi/nAl)为18、26和95的ZSM-5沸石纳米片,采用离子交换方法制备了铜改性的ZSM-5纳米片样品,并测试了其催化分解N_2O性能。结合X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2吸附/脱附、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、氢气程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、氧气程序升温脱附(O_2-TPD)和原位红外漫反射光谱(CODRIFT)等表征结果 ,探讨了沸石硅铝比对于催化剂N_2O分解性能的影响及其原因。结果表明,ZSM-5纳米片硅铝比越低,CuZSM-5纳米片催化剂的活性越高。催化活性的提高归因于低硅铝比催化剂上Cu~+活性物种可还原性的增强和吸附氧脱附能力的提高。     

Theoretical study on H2 elimination pathways of silylenoid H2SiLiF with CH4, NH3, H2O, HF, SiH4, PH3, H2S, and HCl

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations have been performed to explore the reaction potential energy surfaces of silylenoid H₂SiLiF with XH _n hydrides, where XH _n = CH₄, NH₃, H₂O, HF, SiH₄, PH₃, H₂S, and HCl. We have identified a previously unreported reaction pathway on each reaction surface, H₂SiLiF + H-XH _{n − 1} → H _n XSiLiF + H₂, which involves H₂ elimination following the initial formation of an association complex via a four-membered ring transition state to form the substituted three-membered ring silylenoid H _n XSiLiF and a H₂ molecule. This theoretical calculations suggest that (i) for H₂ eliminations there is a very clear trend toward lower activation barriers and more exothermic interactions on going from left to right along a given row in periodic table, and (ii) for the second-row hydrides, the H₂ elimination reactions are less exothermic than for the first-row hydrides and the reaction barriers are lower for X–S and Cl. Compared to the insertions of H₂SiLiF into XH _n , the H₂ elimination pathways should be unfavorable with higher barrier and lower exothermic.     

Zur Kenntnis von Cr2H2(As2O7)(As4O12)

The crystal structure of Cr₂H₂(As₂O₇)(As₄O₁₂) has been determined by X-ray methods using single crystal diffractometer data (1,152 reflections,R=0.054, orthorhombic,Pmmn,a=1317.7 (7),b=1124.9 (6),c=494.3 (4) pm,Z=2). The crystal structure contains both diarsenate(V) and the hitherto unknown cyclo-tetraarsenate(V)-anions. The magnetic susceptibility follows theCurie-Weiss law (=3.86±0.01 _B/Cr³⁺, =–31 K).

     

Trinuclear metal(III) trifluoroacetates

Hydrated and anhydrous trinuclear metal(III) trifluoroacetates of Cr and Fe were prepared by reaction of freshly precipitated metal oxides with trifluoroacetic acid, while manganese analogs by acid exchange. IR data show the presence of bidentate trifluoroacetate groups. The diffuse reflectance spectra suggest octahedral environment around metals.Mössbauer spectra show that iron atoms in the compounds are high spin hexacoordinated; two types of iron sites are suggested in hydrated iron compound. Low magnetic moment of chromium and iron compounds indicate antiferromagnetic coupling. Th anhydrous compounds decompose in single step with the evolution of (CF₃CO)₂O.M ₃O(O₂CCF₃)₇ form complexes [M ₃O(O₂CCF₃)₆·3Py]⁺ [O₂CCF₃]^– with pyridine.

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Dreikernige Metall(III)-Trifluoracetate

Zusammenfassung Es wurden hydratisierte und wasserfreie dreikernige Metall(III)-Trifluoracetate von Cr und Fe mittels der Reaktion von frisch gefälltem Metalloxid und Trifluoressigsäure dargestellt; die Mangan-Analogen wurden über Säure-Austausch gewonnen. Die IR-Daten zeigen die Präsenz von zweizähnigen Trifluoracetat-Gruppen an. Die diffuse-reflectance-Spektren sprechen für eine octahedrale Umgebung rund um das Metall. DieMössbauer-Spektren zeigen, daß die Eisenatome in den entsprechenden Verbindungen high-spin hexakoordiniert sind; dabei werden in den hydratisierten Eisenverbindungen zwei Typen von Eisenatomen gezeigt. Ein niederes magnetisches Moment der Chrom- und Eisen-Verbindungen zeigen eine antiferromagnetische Kopplung an. Die wasserfreien Verbindungen zersetzen sich in einem einzigen Schritt unter Entwicklung von (CF₃CO)₂O. Mit Pyridin bilden die VerbindungenM ₃O(O₂CCF₃)₇ die Komplexe [M ₃O(O₂CCF₃)₆·3Py]⁺ [O₂CCF₃]^–.

     

Combined polymerization catalysis of nickel complex and zirconocene for branched polyethylene

The polymerization behavior of 2-(2′-pyridyl) quinoxaline nickel dibromide/Cp₂ZrCl₂/MAO system was investigated in three ways: the Ni catalyst was added first, followed by addition of Zr catalyst (method I); the Ni and Zr catalysts were added simultaneously (method II); and the Zr catalyst was added first, followed by addition of Ni catalyst (method III). Results of GC-MS, GPC,¹³C NMR and DSC investigations indicated that the properties of resulting polyethylene were greatly varied by changing feeding orders of the two catalysts. Decreasing Ni/Zr molar ratio or increasing polymerization temperature gave corresponding polyethylenes with less branches and higher melting point. Compared to the procedure using Cp₂ZrCl₂ catalyst only, the activity of Zr catalyst in those combined system decreased because of the competition of ethylene between the [Ni−C] and [Zr−C] active centers. In addition, other zirconocenes were also employed as copolymerization catalysts in the combined system with nickel complex. compared to Cp₂ZrCl₂ case, the ethyl-bridged Zr catalyst performed better for polymerization of ethylene while the Si-bridged Zr catalyst showed better copolymerization ability.     

Comparative study of structural stability in [NH4−n (CH3) n ]2HgCl4 and in related compounds

The structural instability of the [NH_4−n (CH₃) _n ]₂HgCl₄ group has been investigated. Consideration of different crystals of this family shows that the H-bonds, obviously, hinder the appearance of incommensurate modulation. The dependence of phase transition sequence on the sizes of cation and anion may be obtained only for crystals with simple cation. The appearance of H-bonds complicates the situation and, leads to gradual disappearance of IC phase in the A₂BX₄ family.