激光通信中OOK/QPSK调制模式下图片传输特性的对比

针对目前信息爆炸式增长对于通信信道容量的更高需求,以图片传输为例,在MATLAB软件中仿真对比了激光通信中开关键控(On-Off Keying,OOK)调制和正交位移键控(Quadrature Phase Shift Keying,QPSK)调制这两种常见的调制方式下,图片经过加性高斯噪声信道和莱斯信道传输后的传输结果;同时也对比了两种调制方式下的误码率曲线。仿真结果显示,无论是那种调制方式,接收到的图片都会随噪声的增加而出现明显劣化,但是加性高斯信道的劣化速度比莱斯信道更缓慢;在相同信道条件下,图片经过QPSK调制后的劣化程度优于OOK调制;误码率的对比结果显示QPSK调制方式的误码率明显优于OOK调制。通过仿真结果可以得出,QPSK调制在噪声环境下的性能相较OOK调制有其独特的优势,这为激光通信系统中调制方式的选择提供了参考。     

Gamma-Gamma湍流信道中大气光通信系统误码特性分析

大气信道中的大气湍流是影响无线激光通信系统性能的主要因素之一, 其引起的强度闪烁效应会对接收信号的提取和还原造成很大干扰。基于Gamma-Gamma概率分布的大气湍流信道统计模型, 研究了利用副载波相移键控(PSK)强度调制技术的大气光通信系统的误码特性; 推导了副载波二进制相移键控(BPSK)及开关键控(OOK)两种调制模式下的系统误码率表达式; 对在一定条件下的大气光通信系统, 比较了副载波BPSK和OOK两种调制模式的误码特性; 分析了链路特征、接收口径尺寸、通信波长和天顶角等因素对系统误码率的影响。结果表明, 增大接收孔径和通信波长都能有效地降低系统误码率, 而天顶角的增大则会使系统误码率增加, 副载波BPSK调制模式的误码特性要优于OOK调制模式的误码特性。     

基于现场可编程门阵列和大功率LED阵列光源的小型化水下无线光通信系统的研究与实现

针对水下无线通信高速率、远距离、低成本和小型化设备的实用需求,本文设计研制了一种高鲁棒性的基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)和大功率LED阵列的小型化水下无线光通信系统。其光发射机的光源采用45 W大功率LED阵列,基于FPGA实现高阶调制与编码,并设计了准直光学发射天线有效减少光束发散角,大幅度延长了传输距离。在光接收端,设计了一种基于3 mm大孔径雪崩光电二极管(APD)的自动增益控制放大和FPGA解调与信号处理的光接收机,降低了光通信系统对准的严苛要求。该系统可实现30 Mbps开关键控(OOK)信号和正交幅度调制(QAM)信号(16QAM信号)的12 m水下信道实时传输,二者的误码率(BER)分别为2.467×10^-4和3.467×10^-3。此外,该系统还实现了22 Mbps的非归零(NRZ)-OOK整形信号12 m水下+30 m空气的跨介质传输(总长度为42 m),BER为3.619×10^-4。最后,实现了12 m水下信道中接收机偏离主光轴40°之内22 Mbps OOK信号的有效接收,提高了系统的鲁棒性。     

大气激光通信链路的性能仿真

大气衰减和大气湍流严重影响着大气激光通信的链路质量。建立了大气信道的激光通信链路模型，研究了衰减信道和湍流信道中光链路的传输影响，对最大通信速率、链路功率余量和误码率进行了分析和计算。结果表明，大气湍流严重影响系统误码率，当大气闪烁指数斫是0．07时，可达到的最小误码率为10^-9。分析结果可为系统设计提供参考依据。     

水下平台对卫星上行激光通信研究

在合理选择通信系统参量和通信信道参量的基础上,利用Monte Carlo方法模拟了卫星接收到的水下平台上行激光通信信号.分析了卫星接收信号的空间和时间分布特性,以及与望远镜接收视场角的关系,并计算了接收信号的信噪比,得出了3°望远镜视场角和15 μs信号积分时间的优化参量.基于计算结果,根据激光脉冲的PPM调制方式和最大似然检测方法,计算了系统的通信误码率,同时分析了海气界面、云等传输介质对通信的影响.研究结果表明:根据文中给定通信系统参量,在典型海水、海气界面、云等环境条件下,卫星与激光信号中心水平距离5 km范围内信号误码率<10－4.因此位于水下60 m的水下平台可能实现对卫星上行激光通信.     

水下平台对卫星上行激光通信研究

在合理选择通信系统参量和通信信道参量的基础上,利用MonteCarlo方法模拟了卫星接收到的水下平台上行激光通信信号.分析了卫星接收信号的空间和时间分布特性,以及与望远镜接收视场角的关系,并计算了接收信号的信噪比,得出了3°望远镜视场角和15μs信号积分时间的优化参量.基于计算结果,根据激光脉冲的PPM调制方式和最大似然检测方法,计算了系统的通信误码率,同时分析了海气界面、云等传输介质对通信的影响.研究结果表明:根据文中给定通信系统参量,在典型海水、海气界面、云等环境条件下,卫星与激光信号中心水平距离5km范围内信号误码率10-4.因此位于水下60m的水下平台可能实现对卫星上行激光通信.     

沙尘信道下激光通信系统的性能分析

沙尘对激光信号的散射和吸收作用会引起激光信号的严重衰减,本文结合我国沙尘粒子的半径分布特征,在考虑含水影响的基础上,研究了沙尘对激光信号衰减特性的影响,得到了接收端信噪比的表达式;同时针对OOK调制,推导了沙尘天气下激光通信系统的误码率和信道容量。仿真分析了能见度、传输距离、含水量以及激光波长等因素对误码率和信道容量的影响。结果表明:随着含水量和传输距离的增大以及大气能见度的减小,系统的误码率会呈现出不断增大的趋势,而信道容量则呈现减小的趋势。在能见度为4 km的情况下,波长为1 550 nm、传输距离为1 km时系统的误码率可达10~(-2)数量级,且归一化信道容量为8.48 bps/Hz。     

海洋气泡对水下量子通信性能的影响

随着水下无线通信的发展,关于海洋环境量子通信的研究也逐渐成为热点。其中,研究海洋气泡对光量子在水下传输的影响具有重要意义。为了研究海洋气泡对水下量子通信信道性能的影响,根据海洋气泡的粒径分布模型,研究了气泡的散射特性,并根据气泡的消光系数,分析了不同条件参数对链路衰减、纠缠度、信道容量以及信道误码率的影响,并进行了仿真实验。结果表明：气泡浓度和传输距离的增大,使链路衰减和误码率增加,对于幅值阻尼信道、退极化信道和比特翻转信道,其信道容量均有所减小;随着气泡半径的增大、深度的减小,信道纠缠度降低。由此可见,海洋气泡对量子通信性能的影响不可忽略,在实际应用中为了保障水下量子通信的传输效率,应适当调节水下量子通信相关参数,减小海洋气泡环境对通信系统的影响。     

中层海水水色三要素对水下量子通信性能的影响

为了研究中层海水中水色三要素对水下量子通信性能的影响,首先根据水色三要素的吸收和散射模型,提出了海水中叶绿素浓度、光量子信号波长和水下量子链路衰减的关系;然后针对退极化信道,分析了叶绿素浓度、光量子信号波长与信道容量、信道平均保真度和信道误码率之间的定量关系。仿真结果表明,传输距离为20 m,当叶绿素浓度分别为0.5 mg/m~3和1.5 mg/m~3时,水下量子通信信道容量、信道平均保真度、信道误码率依次分别为0.263 1和0.142 3,0.705 2和0.553,0.037 05和0.029 17.当波长分别为400nm和800nm时,通信信道容量、信道平均保真度、信道误码率依次分别为0.229 1和0.428 3,0.914 2和0.943 7,0.012 36和0.006 87。由此可见,叶绿素浓度和光量子信号波长对水下量子通信性能有显著的影响。应根据对海水水色三要素的探测情况,自适应调整系统的各项参数。     

空地激光通信链路功率与通信性能分析与仿真

分析了空地激光通信系统中主要器件和信道对通信光功率的影响,并根据接收探测器的信噪比和通信误码率公式,建立了空地激光通信仿真系统.分析了在误码率优于10-7条件下,不同地面大气能见度所对应的最高通信速率;以及要实现通信速率为1.5 GHz,误码率优于10-7时需要的最小发射功率和最长通信距离.结果表明,当发射功率越大时,地面大气能见度对误码率的影响越明显.     

基于三种调制模式下的turbo码光无线通信系统分析

从分析大气对光无线通信系统的影响出发,研究了大气信道特性,建立了大气信道信噪比和能见度的关系.为降低系统误码率,提出了基于OOK、BPSK、BPPM三种调制模式的turbo码的编码方案,推导出三种不同方案对应的turbo码迭代MAP算法.应用建立的信噪比关系,分析和计算了基于三种不同方案的系统的误码率.结果表明,基于BPSK的turbo码系统比OOK和BPPM系统的信噪比降低约3dB,且在高的信噪比情况下,BPSK系统能显著降低系统的误码率.因此,基于BPSK的turbo码方案较适合光无线通信系统.     

Reduction in transmitter power requirement for earth-to-satellite and satellite-to-earth free space optical links with spatial diversity

In the scenario of first laser communication relay satellite being launched into geostationary earth orbit, we evaluate the reduction in transmitter power requirement for earth-to-satellite and satellite-to-earth free space optical links in presence of turbulence and various weather conditions using spatial diversity technique. In channel modeling, Beer Lambert Law incorporates the weather effects. The log-normal probability density function (pdf) models weak turbulence and gamma–gamma pdf moderate to strong turbulence. Using the combined channel state pdf, bit error rate (BER) expressions are derived for on-off keying (OOK), M-ary pulse position modulation (M-PPM) and M-ary differential PPM (M-DPPM) schemes. From the BER plots, we evaluate the minimum average received power required to achieve a desired BER for all three schemes for different channel conditions. Subsequently, minimum transmitter power requirement is evaluated for both uplink and downlink using the range equation. It is observed that presence of moderate, light and thin fog cause additional power requirement. Also, among the three schemes, M-PPM scheme requires the least transmitter power, followed by M-DPPM and OOK schemes. Further, it is seen that the transmitter diversity or multiple input single output technique reduces the uplink minimum transmitter power requirement, whereas for downlink aperture averaging and receiver diversity or single input multiple output techniques can achieve the same. The power requirement for uplink is 8–10 dB more as compared to downlink in presence of turbulence and various weather conditions.     

大气闪烁对无线光CDMA通信系统性能的影响

将光CDMA技术应用到无线光通信中。提出了基于脉冲位置调制的二维大气无线光CDMA通信系统，并分析了该通信系统的性能。考虑多用户干扰、APD噪声以及热噪声等干扰因素的影响，采用数值分析的方法，详细分析了大气湍流引起的大气闪烁对二维无线光CDMA通信系统误码率的影响。结果表明，大气闪烁是影响二维无线光CDMA系统误码率性能的一个重要因素；当大气闪烁的对数方差较小(如σ2s=0.1)时，该系统可以实现高速率通信；当大气闪烁的对数方差较大(σ2s≥0.2)时，在有限的光功率条件下，该系统难以实现通信，需要采用信道编码技术来提高系统的误码率性能。     

Machine-vision-based acquisition,pointing, and tracking system for underwater wireless optical communications

Due to the proliferation of underwater vehicles and sensors, underwater wireless optical communication(UWOC) is a key enabler for ocean exploration with a strong reliance on short-range bandwidth-intensive communications. A stable optical link is of primary importance for UWOC. A compact, low-power, and low-cost acquisition, pointing, and tracking(APT) system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to realign the optical link within 0.04 s, even when the UWOC transmitter and receiver are in relative motion. The system successfully achieves rapid auto-alignment through a 4 m tap water channel with a relatively large number of bubbles. Furthermore, the required minimum illumination value is measured to be as low as7.1 lx, implying that the proposed APT scheme is robust to dim underwater environments. Meanwhile, mobility experiments are performed to verify the performance of the APT system. The proposed system can rapidly and automatically align moving targets in complex and unstable underwater environments, which can potentially boost the practical applications of UWOC.     

52 m/9 Gb/s PAM4 plastic optical fiber-underwater wireless laser transmission convergence with a laser beam reducer

A 52 m/9 Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM4) plastic optical fiber(POF)-underwater wireless laser transmission(UWLT) convergence with a laser beam reducer is proposed. A 52 m/9 Gb/s PAM4 POFUWLT convergence is practically demonstrated with the application of a laser beam reducer to reduce the collimated beam diameter. A 50 m graded-index(GI)-POF is employed as an underwater extender to efficiently enhance the coverage of UWLT. The performances of PAM4 POF-UWLT convergence in view of bit error rate(BER) and eye diagrams improve with the decrease of the collimated beam diameter because of the small amount of light absorbed by clear ocean water. Competent BER and eye diagrams(three independent eye diagrams) are achieved over a 50 m GI-POF transmission with a 2 m clear ocean water link.     

Performance enhancement of the power penalty in DWDM FSO communication using DPPM and OOK modulation

This paper presents the design and performance enhancement of the power penalty (PP) in a dense wavelength division multiplexing based on free space optical communication (FSOC) link using digital pulse position modulation (DPPM) and on–off keying (OOK) modulation. Such a system has a high performance, low cost, robust and power efficient, reliable, excessive flexibility, and higher data rate for access networks. The system performance is evaluated for an 8-channel wavelength-division-multiplexing for hybrid fiber FSOC system at 2.5 Gbps on widely accepted modulation schemes under various atmospheric turbulence (AT) regimes conditions. The performance of system is introduced in terms of PP, bit-error rate (BER), transmission distance and the average received optical power. The numerical results shows that the improvement of the PP using DPPM modulation of 0.2–3.0 dB for weak turbulence (WT) regimes for BER of 10^?6 and above 20, 25 dB for strong turbulence (ST) regimes are reported for BER of 10^?6 and 10^?9, as respectively (depending on the AT level). Further, we develop of improvement the PP caused by multiple-access interference about 6.686 dB which is predicted for target BER of 10^?9 in WT and 1 dB at target BER of 10^?6 in ST when the 8 user are active on the system of optical network units. Additionally, the optical power budget and margin losses of a system are calculated with different link length. The proposed approach of DPPM merges superiority with higher enhancement of PP about 0.8 dB for BER equal 10^?9 at FSO link length l_fso?=?2000 m compared to OOK at 1 dB for WT. An improvement of 2 dB is observed using the DPPM scheme over an OOK due to capability of detect pulses under background noise conditions with increased receiver sensitivity.     

Bit error rate analysis with real-time pointing errors correction in free space optical communication systems

Pointing errors caused by the atmospheric turbulence will degrade the performance of free space optical (FSO) communication systems, especially the bit error rate (BER). In this paper, we innovatively analyze the relationship between BER and pointing errors by the probability density functions (PDFs) and intensity displacement in focal plane under the On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation conditions. The closed-loop experimental system is set up in laboratory, where the fast steering mirror (FSM) is real-time controlled by embedded controller with the parallel processing technology and the atmospheric turbulence is simulated by a turbulence simulation box. The results of repeated experiments show that the method of pointing errors correction we proposed is efficient under the conditions of atmospheric turbulence. By utilizing our method, the BER can decrease from nearly 10⁻³ to nearly or even below 10⁻⁹, thus improving the performance of FSO communication systems significantly.     

Analysis of free space optical link in turbulent atmosphere

Free space optical (FSO) communication is an upgraded supplement to the existing wireless technologies. FSO technology provides vast modulation bandwidth, unlicensed spectrum, cost effective deployment, low power consumption and less mass requirement. Today, researchers are preliminary focused to use the free space communication systems for inter satellites links. In this paper, the performance analysis of FSO communication link in weak atmospheric turbulence has been analyzed for different atmospheric transmission windows using OOK modulation. The analysis has been done using bit error rate as the performance metric. The effect of attenuation on the link performance has been investigated by varying distance between transmitter and receiver for a given power and data rate. Further, BER performance analysis has been carried out for varying data rate and transmitted power. Also, the effect of attenuation on received optical power has been studied. The work has been performed in OptSim environment.     

基于Polar码的水声通信信源信道联合译码方法

水声信道时延扩展较长,频域选择性衰落严重,导致水声通信提升可靠性困难.同时,水声通信实际发送的信源中通常存在残留冗余,传统方法难以利用这部分冗余,从而导致一定的带宽浪费.针对该问题,提出了一种基于Polar码的水声通信信源信道联合译码方法.该方法根据Polar码的译码结构,以信源状态转移关系为基础构建信源信道联合译码网...