三维浮式结构的流固耦合动力特性分析

对于采用位移-压力有限元格式从流固耦合系统导出的大型非对称矩阵特征值问题,构造出了一种新格式的迭代Arnoldi方法进行非对称特征值分析来获得浮式结构的动力特性．该迭代格式在克服零频的移频技术中,可以高效地计算出Arnoldi向量．实例分析结果表明,流固耦合作用对水上大型薄壁浮式结构动力特性具有重要影响．     

大型水平轴风力机叶片气动弹性计算

给出了一种考虑几何非线性的大型风力机静、 动气动弹性一体化计算方法．采用涡尾迹方法进行风力机气动载荷计算．建立风力机风轮的三维壳模型．沿周向平均风力机叶片载荷并加载到结构模型进行非线性静气动弹性分析．基于动力学小扰动假设, 在静平衡构型下进行动力学线性化, 计算风轮固有振动特性．继而结合非定常涡尾迹方法计算风力机动气动弹性响应．计算了NH 1500叶片考虑几何非线性的静气动弹性位移和动气动弹性响应．结果表明,大型风力机叶片几何非线性较为明显地减小静气动弹性位移,同时降低动气动弹性的响应幅值．大型风力机气动弹性响应计算需要考虑几何非线性     

考虑大变形的刚-柔耦合旋转智能结构动力学分析

基于Hamilton原理对带端部质量的刚柔耦合旋转智能结构建立了耦合的非线性动力学模型．根据一阶近似耦合（FOAC）模型理论,通过有限元方法,得到了系统的有限维模型．模型中考虑了轴向、横向位移和转动角度的非线性几何效应,以及压电材料和结构的大变形及离心刚化效应．在有限元模型的基础上,建立了3种实际系统模型方程,分别是无压电层的结构,有压电层开环状态和闭环状态．最后基于简化模型的仿真结果显示出有端部质量和没有端部质量的差异,智能结构梁在闭环和开环的差异,高速旋转梁的离心作用及结构外加电载荷的动力响应．     

微重力环境下充液球腔非线性耦合动力学研究

采用球坐标系描述球腔中的液体动力学特性并建立一种轴对称贮腔类液刚耦合系统动力学模型．采用模态展开方法分析了微重环境下球形贮箱中的液体晃动问题,给出了球形贮箱内液体晃动速度势函数和波高函数的Gauss超几何级数解析表达式．采用变分原理推导了系统动力学系模型,利用Galerkin 方法对变分方程进行特征频率分析．运用Lagrange方法及非线性动力学方法导出了微重力环境下贮箱中液体与航天器结构耦合的动力学方程组,并对该方程组进行了数值计算,绘出了非线性耦合充液系统自由度随时间的变化历程．     

爆炸冲击载荷下航空铝合金平板动态响应数值分析方法

为得到适用于爆炸冲击载荷下航空铝合金平板动态响应的数值分析方法,采用LS-DYNA显式动力学分析软件对爆炸冲击载荷下的铝合金平板进行数值仿真计算.主要研究了不同的任意Lagrange-Euler(拉格朗日-欧拉)网格（ALE）输运步算法、流固耦合方式、流固耦合点数量、网格尺寸、有限元单元类型对计算结果的影响.通过计算结果与实验结果的分析对比,表明采用van Leer+HIS输运步算法、罚函数耦合方式、在流体网格与结构网格之间采用3个耦合点、结构网格尺寸与空气域网格尺寸比例设为2∶1、结构单元采用163号壳单元时可以较为准确地计算航空铝合金平板在爆炸冲击载荷下的动态响应,并且能提高计算效率,节约计算时间.     

爆炸冲击载荷下航空铝合金平板动态响应数值分析方法

为得到适用于爆炸冲击载荷下航空铝合金平板动态响应的数值分析方法,采用LS-DYNA显式动力学分析软件对爆炸冲击载荷下的铝合金平板进行数值仿真计算.主要研究了不同的任意Lagrange-Euler(拉格朗日-欧拉)网格(ALE)输运步算法、流固耦合方式、流固耦合点数量、网格尺寸、有限元单元类型对计算结果的影响.通过计算结果与实验结果的分析对比,表明采用van Leer+HIS输运步算法、罚函数耦合方式、在流体网格与结构网格之间采用3个耦合点、结构网格尺寸与空气域网格尺寸比例设为2∶1、结构单元采用163号壳单元时可以较为准确地计算航空铝合金平板在爆炸冲击载荷下的动态响应,并且能提高计算效率,节约计算时间.     

轨道结构随机场模型与车辆-轨道耦合随机动力分析

将轨道结构视为一个参数随机系统,提出并建立了轨道结构的随机场模型.利用车辆-轨道耦合动力学的基本方法,将轨道系统有限单元模型与多刚体车辆模型相结合,建立了考虑铁路线路参数空-时随机变化的车辆-轨道动力计算模型.算例表明:所提出的方法较为可靠且高效;线路参数随机性对车辆-轨道系统的动力响应有明显的影响,随线路参数离散程度的增加,可能造成行车不安全、轨道损伤加剧等一些问题.     

带弹性附件充液矩形贮箱俯仰运动动态响应

首先建立了俯仰运动矩形贮箱刚-液-弹耦合系统在外力矩作用下的耦合动力学模型,给出满足边界条件的速度势函数和液面波高的级数表达式,采用伽辽金法离散,将动力学模型转化为常微分方程组,得到刚-液-弹耦合系统的固有频率,给出简单的近似表达式,分析了转动中心距静液面不同位置时刚-液-弹耦合系统各阶固有频率的变化规律,系统转动中心距静液面较近时,耦合后液体反对称模态和刚体的固有频率对比耦合前减小,较远时则增大,最后进行数值验证,比较分析了液体和弹性体对刚体姿态的影响．     

损伤对粘弹性矩形板非线性动力特性的影响

研究了考虑损伤效应的粘弹性矩形板在横向周期载荷作用下的非线性动力学问题．基于Von Karman方程、Boltzmann叠加原理和连续损伤力学理论,建立了以中面位移表示的考虑损伤效应的粘弹性薄板的非线性动力学方程,然后,应用有限差分法和Newmark法进行求解,并与相应的文献作出了比较．具体讨论了外载荷参数和板的几何尺寸对含损伤效应的粘弹性板非线性动力响应的影响．数值结果表明,考虑损伤效应时,结构的非线性动力响应会发生显著的变化．     

基于ISM-AHP方法的新疆能源-粮食-水耦合系统协调发展研究

能源、粮食和水资源之间的耦合关系关乎一个地区的社会稳定和可持续发展.新疆一直关注能源-粮食-水在各区域的协调发展水平.文章建立了能源-粮食-水耦合系统协调发展评价指标体系,基于ISM-AHP法,量化评估了2005-2019年全疆及南北东疆的区域协调发展水平和子系统之间的耦合程度.结果表明:1）新疆各区域能源-粮食-水耦合系统协调发展水平呈上升趋势,但地区间发展存在水平和结构差异.2）能源产业发展和能水协同效率对地区协调发展至关重要.新疆各区域能源发展差距有扩大的趋势,能水协同效率差异较大.3）水电发电量、农业柴油使用效率、化肥使用效率、社会消费品零售总额和进出口总额会显著影响新疆能源-粮食-水耦合系统协调发展水平.总体来看,新疆自治区的能源-粮食-水耦合系统总体呈现良性的发展态势,但南疆受能源发展和能水关系的影响最大,限制了资源禀赋的发展潜力.因而,除了在战略层面需统筹考虑新疆各区域资源禀赋同产业布局之间的关系外,还需聚焦缩小南疆同北、东疆之间发展的差距.南疆地区应借助开发水电、光伏等低碳能源转型的红利带动全疆经济的高质量发展,发挥新疆关键产业在一带一路关键枢纽节点的战略作用.     

O?shore ?oating wind turbine and its dynamic problems?

Green energy sources and ocean wind power are plentiful in deep sea. More and more o?shore wind power plants are constructed in the deep water over hundred meters below the surface. While o?shore ?oating wind turbine system is working, wind turbine, ?oating foundation, and mooring system a?ect each other with wind, waves, and currents acting on them. Various o?shore ?oating wind turbine systems and the encoun-tered environmental loads are brie?y reviewed and discussed. It is di?cult and crucial to comprehensively analyze the aerodynamic-hydrodynamic-service system-structure un-der the coupling e?ect of o?shore ?oating wind turbine system. The environmental ?ow ?eld, structure scale, and rational applications of theories and approaches should be well considered in advance.     

大型近海水平轴风力机转轮的空气动力学性能优化判据

以近海风能工程为研究目标,对具有不同特性参数（设计风速、叶尖线速度和转轮实度）的大容量（1～10 MW）风力机转轮的气动性能与几何特性进行分析与研究．首先提出大型机组转轮气动性能优化判据:在其直径最小的前提下具有尽可能高的年可用风能特性因数以及与之相关的风能利用系数,因而可捕获最多风能,使年发电量最大．接着给出影响它的几个主要气动参数,如转轮设计风速、叶尖线速度以及转轮实度,并分析风力机在近海气象条件下运转时上述两个气动指标随这些参数变化的规律．提供的气动分析方法及结果可作为大型近海风力机转轮气动性能的评价基础．     

基于LiToSim平台的海上风机过渡段优化软件开发

针对海上风机过渡段结构,考虑风机多尺度优化模型和所受环境荷载采取极端情况下,引入双向渐进结构拓扑优化方法,以全局应力最小化为目标、体积为约束,对风机过渡段进行优化设计;并在自主研发的LiToSim平台基础上,嵌入风机优化数值计算程序,最终形成一款关于海上风机过渡段拓扑优化的定制化软件TUR/TOPT.借助定制化软件TUR/TOPT平台,对比过渡段传统柔度优化与应力优化结果,突显出应力优化在减材设计过程中结构应力明显降低且能有效避免应力集中等方面的优势;TUR/TOPT软件的生成在风机建设选型过程中具有重要指导价值.     

A dynamic wind farm aggregate model for the simulation of power fluctuations due to wind turbulence

An important aspect related to wind energy integration into the electrical power system is the fluctuation of the generated power due to the stochastic variations of the wind speed across the area where wind turbines are installed. Simulation models are useful tools to evaluate the impact of the wind power on the power system stability and on the power quality. Aggregate models reduce the simulation time required by detailed dynamic models of multiturbine systems.In this paper, a new behavioral model representing the aggregate contribution of several variable-speed-pitch-controlled wind turbines is introduced. It is particularly suitable for the simulation of short term power fluctuations due to wind turbulence, where steady-state models are not applicable.The model relies on the output rescaling of a single turbine dynamic model. The single turbine output is divided into its steady state and dynamic components, which are then multiplied by different scaling factors. The smoothing effect due to wind incoherence at different locations inside a wind farm is taken into account by filtering the steady state power curve by means of a Gaussian filter as well as applying a proper damping on the dynamic part.The model has been developed to be one of the building-blocks of a model of a large electrical system, therefore a significant reduction of simulation time has been pursued. Comparison against a full model obtained by repeating a detailed single turbine model, shows that a proper trade-off between accuracy and computational speed has been achieved.     

Two Way Coupled Micro/Meso Scale Method for Wind Farms

Wind turbines extract energy from the approaching flow field resulting in reduced wind speeds, increased turbulence and a wake downstream of the wind turbine. The wake has a multitude of negative effects on downstream wind turbines. This includes reduced efficiency and increased unsteadiness resulting in vibrations and potentially in material fatigue. Moreover, the maintenance can increase compared to non-interfering wind turbines. The simulation of these effects is challenging. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of these large and complex geometries requires exceedingly large computational resources. With present Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) or Large Eddy Simulation (LES) based CFD methods it is virtually impossible to perform such simulations of the interaction between individual wind turbines in a complete wind turbine farm. Coupling to the mesoscale accounting for local weather situations becomes yet more challenging. This is due to the wide range of length and time scales that have to be considered for these simulations and therefore the tremendous computational power needed to perform such simulations. To investigate these effects we propose to combine ideas from existing methods, the Coarse-Grid-CFD (CGCFD) ( [1]) developed at the KIT and the meso-/ micro scale method developed at the University of Thessaloniki ( [2]). Goal of the proposed methodology is to provide a numerical method that allows to implement a wind farm in a meso-scale weather simulation which includes two-way coupling. Thus both the micro and the meso scale wind and energy production of wind farms can be addressed. This proposed multi scale coupling strategy can also be applied in two hierarchies reducing the numerical effort of the global approach yet more. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The random environment of offshore systems

The analysis of the dynamical behavior of systems in ocean waves is an important part in offshore engineering. While a characterization of the response of a linearized model can be obtained in frequency domain, it has to be noted that offshore systems usually include components with nonlinear behavior. The systematic analysis of the nonlinear dynamics of floating structures is often facilitated by additional assumptions. One common example is the use of deterministic (harmonic) waves. Even though periodic waves may be a reasonable simplification for many applications, sea waves in general are usually better described by a spectral or probabilistic approach. This paper addresses different methods of describing random forces for the analysis of floating structures. Examples show the effects of different wave models on the analysis of a simple floating structure. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Spatial dependencies of wind power and interrelations with spot price dynamics

Wind power has seen strong growth over the last decade and increasingly affects electricity spot prices. In particular, prices are more volatile due to the stochastic nature of wind, such that more generation of wind energy yields lower prices. Therefore, it is important to assess the value of wind power at different locations not only for an investor but for the electricity system as a whole. In this paper, we develop a stochastic simulation model that captures the full spatial dependence structure of wind power by using copulas, incorporated into a supply and demand based model for the electricity spot price. This model is calibrated with German data. We find that the specific location of a turbine – i.e., its spatial dependence with respect to the aggregated wind power in the system – is of high relevance for its value. Many of the locations analyzed show an upper tail dependence that adversely impacts the market value. Therefore, a model that assumes a linear dependence structure would systematically overestimate the market value of wind power in many cases. This effect becomes more important for increasing levels of wind power penetration and may render the large-scale integration into markets more difficult.     

改进的NSGA-Ⅱ算法研究风力机叶片多目标优化

将一种采用精英控制策略和动态拥挤方法用于快速非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）,并应用到风力机叶片的优化研究中,获得了一种新颖的风力机叶片多目标优化设计方法．作为应用算例,以设计风速下的功率系数最大和叶片质量最小为优化目标,用该方法设计了5 MW大型风力机叶片．优化结果表明,此算法在处理风力机多目标优化问题取得了良好的效果,给出的是一个Pareto最优解集,而不是传统优化方法追求的单个最优解,为风力机多目标优化设计提供新的思路和通用的算法．     

Dynamic modelling and design of various robust sliding mode controls for the wind turbine with estimation of wind speed

The main propose of this paper is extracting the maximum efficiency from variable speed wind turbine, which is modelled as an electromechanical system with two masses dynamics. The maximum efficiency can be obtained by tracking the optimal rotor speed, which is controlled by the generator torque as the input. One of the most important information that is required for designing of the control system is the measurement of the effective wind velocity. In this paper, a new ANFIS-based method for estimating the effective wind velocity is developed. The aerodynamic torque has a direct relationship with the power coefficient. So in this paper, power coefficient of WindPACT 1.5 MW turbine as a function of tip speed ratio (TSR) and blade pitch angle is considered. Then, three control methods based on high order sliding mode controllers are examined. The rotor speed and the wind velocity are the only variables required in the design of second and third order sliding mode controllers. FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures and Turbulence) is valid software that offers a fairly complete model of the wind turbine. Results of this paper are validated using FAST. Performance of the designed controllers is compared in terms of the generator torque and desired rotor speed tracking. Finally, the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is controlled such that the objectives of reactive power minimization and tracking the desired generator torque are achieved. Two main hindrances in designing the control systems are the uncertainties and the lack of sufficient information on measurements. Therefore robust performance of designed controllers against the model uncertainties is investigated.