Robust optical systems for nondestructive testing based on laser diodes and diffractiveoptical elements

Two robust systems for vibration measurements are presented. Both systems are based on low-cost laser diodes. The stability of the optical systems is achieved by implementing the optical system as a holographic optical element (HOE) while using a common-path interferometer concept for the measurement scheme. The former system facilitates real-time simultaneous tracking of vibrations about two axes perpendicular to the optical axis. The latter system is an electronic speckle interferometer working in a differential mode providing whole-field information on the angular deformation about one axis between two states of the object. It will be argued that these concepts will provide compact, self-aligning systems for industrial use due to the inherent possibility of mass fabrication.     

Chaotic wavelength division multiplexing for optical communication

We demonstrate wavelength division multiplexing with chaotic subcarriers in two pairs of one-way-coupled Nd:YVO4 microchip lasers. Two individual digital messages are encoded on two chaotic carriers with different wavelengths in two transmitters by the chaotic masking method, and the mixed signals are sent to two receivers. Dual synchronization of chaos is used to obtain the original chaotic waveforms in the receivers. Two messages are decoded by filtering the difference of the laser outputs between the transmitter and the receiver by use of a low-pass filter for each pair of lasers. The message recovery can be achieved more easily when messages with small amplitude and low frequency are used.     

基于密集波分复用的20 Gbit/s大气激光通信

针对目前高速率信息传输的迫切需求,设计并实验了两路数字信号密集波分复用(DWDM)的大气激光通信结构。两路激光波长分别为1 539.76 nm和1 540.55 nm,采用强度调制,光信号经复用和放大后,由光学天线发射,经1 km大气信道传输,在接收端对光谱、波形和眼图进行了测量。实验结果显示,在弱湍流情况下,实现了两路光信号的解复用,并得到了较为清晰的波形图和眼图。两路数字信号的传输速率为20 Gbit/s时,Q因子仍达到5以上。     

Design of optical coupling systems between two-dimensional quasi-stadium laser diodes and single-mode optical fibers

Optical coupling systems between a two-dimensional quasi-stadium laser diode and single-mode optical fibers using gradient-index rod lenses are designed for both stable and unstable laser resonators for the first time. A novel numerical approach using a combination of the extended Fox-Li calculation method and Gaussian beam transformations is proposed. In the case of a stable laser resonator, two kinds of beam propagation modes appear, namely the axis mode, in which an optical beam propagates along the cavity axis, and the ring mode, in which optical beams propagate along the diamond-shaped trajectory. The coupling efficiencies are found to be 54% for the axis mode and 52% for the ring mode. In contrast, an unstable laser resonator exhibits complicated modes, in which several highly directional beams are emitted from the end mirrors. The total coupling efficiency for these output beams is calculated to be 9.6%. The 3-dB tolerances for the lens pitch and alignment angles of the gradient-index rod lenses are also discussed.     

Secure communication scheme using chaotic laser diodes subject to incoherent optical feedback and incoherent optical injection

We propose a secure communication scheme based on anticipating synchronization of two chaotic laser diodes, one subject to incoherent optical feedback and the other to incoherent optical injection. This scheme does not require fine tuning of the optical frequencies of both lasers as is the case for other schemes based on chaotic laser diodes subject to coherent optical feedback and injection. Our secure communication scheme is therefore attractive for experimental investigation.     

混沌光通信与OC-48光纤通信的波分复用

数值证实并分析了混沌激光通信与现行光通信的波分复用传输,对于100 GHz的信道间隔,混沌激光通信系统实现了传输速率为1 Gbit/s数字信号的保密传输,现行光通信系统实现了传输速率为2.5 Gbit/s数字信号的传输.研究表明,当现行光通信中脉冲光信号的峰值功率不超过17 dBm时,混沌激光通信可在传输距离80 km内实现并行传输.此外,当现行光通信中脉冲光信号的峰值功率为7 dBm时,系统接收到的信号质量受混沌激光通信的干扰很小,当光纤传输距离从80 km增加到160 km时,对应的眼图开启度从82% 关键词： 混沌光通信 混沌同步 波分复用 信道串扰     

基于光时分复用技术的高速成像系统

提出了一种基于光时分复用技术的高速成像系统。飞秒激光器中心波长1557 nm,脉冲宽度90 fs,对USAF-1951分辨率板线性扫描成像,扫描频率为38.88 MHz。在连续时间序列编码放大显微成像技术的基础上,运用光时分复用技术,复制光脉冲信号并携带检测物体相同的空间信息。原光脉冲和复制光脉冲以相同的采样率分别采样,通过相应的数据处理将两次采样数据整合在一起还原图像。实验结果表明,与传统的超快成像方法相比,成像系统利用10 GHz的数字采样设备可以达到20 GHz的采样率,采样点数是传统超快成像方法的两倍。该方法有效克服了成像系统采样率不足的问题,提高了成像系统的空间分辨率。与此同时,该系统算法复杂程度不高,有利于进一步促进超高速成像技术的发展。     

基于光时分复用技术的高速成像系统北大核心CSCD

提出了一种基于光时分复用技术的高速成像系统。飞秒激光器中心波长1557nm,脉冲宽度90fs,对USAF-1951分辨率板线性扫描成像,扫描频率为38.88 MHz。在连续时间序列编码放大显微成像技术的基础上,运用光时分复用技术,复制光脉冲信号并携带检测物体相同的空间信息。原光脉冲和复制光脉冲以相同的采样率分别采样,通过相应的数据处理将两次采样数据整合在一起还原图像。实验结果表明,与传统的超快成像方法相比,成像系统利用10GHz的数字采样设备可以达到20GHz的采样率,采样点数是传统超快成像方法的两倍。该方法有效克服了成像系统采样率不足的问题,提高了成像系统的空间分辨率。与此同时,该系统算法复杂程度不高,有利于进一步促进超高速成像技术的发展。     

Narrow stripe semiconductor laser for improved performance of optical communication systems

A narrow stripe (GaAl) As/GaAs laser is described, which has low source noise, high linearity and an expected life in excess of 20,000 hours. It has a short coherence length compared with a self-focused or refractive index guided laser giving very good modal noise performance. It is suitable for all digital systems and all but the most demanding amplitude modulated analogue systems.     

自由空间宽谱部分相干光通信系统

大气湍流对自由空间光通信系统所造成的影响是不可忽略的，为了减弱湍流对空间光通信系统带来的影响，实验搭建了一套通信距离为900 m的真实大气信道宽谱部分相干光通信系统。系统采用皮秒脉冲泵浦高非线性光纤产生超连续谱并滤波得到部分相干宽谱脉冲，对其调制后完成通信。在测试过程中，实验专门设置了一条参考链路，保证了测试环境的一致性。实验结果表明，在中等湍流条件下，系统光强闪烁指数为0.035 8，相比窄线宽通信系统提升了23%，最低探测灵敏度达到了-23.35 dBm，相比窄线宽通信系统提升了42%。与窄线宽激光通信系统相比，宽谱部分相干光通信系统可以明显降低湍流引起的光功率抖动，并提升自由空间光通信系统通信性能。     

基于非相干光反馈半导体激光器的双向混沌通信研究

提出了一种基于非相干光反馈半导体激光器的双向混沌通信系统,数值研究了该系统的同步特性及通信性能. 结果表明,当两个激光器参数一致时,系统能获得无延时的高质量混沌同步,实现实时双向通信;当激光器内部参数失配时,系统的同步性能及通信质量会受到一定的影响,但该系统对参数失配的容忍性较好,在一定的参数失配范围内,系统仍能实现较好的双向混沌通信. 关键词： 非相干光反馈 半导体激光器 混沌同步 双向通信     

Influence of the non-Lorentzian emission lineshape of laser diodes on the BERfloor in DPSK heterodyne optical systems

A bit-error rate floor for DPSK heterodyne optical systems is evaluated, considering the actual shape of the emission line of single-mode semiconductor lasers. Considering a strictly Lorentzian shape can give rise to relevant errors in the design of the above systems. An equivalent linewidth is introduced which, when accounted for in the formalism usually adopted, allows the correct results to be obtained.     

Four-wave mixing in semiconductor laser amplifiers: Applications for optical communication systems

Four-wave mixing in semiconductor laser amplifiers enables various applications in photonic switching including wavelength conversion, space and time switching, optical phase conjugation, and demultiplexing. Switching times faster than 1 ps are possible.     

Faraday laser at Rb 1529 nm transition for optical communication systems

We experimentally demonstrate a Faraday laser at Rb 1529 nm transition by using a performance-improved Rb electrodeless-discharge-lamp-based excited-state Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter as the frequencyselective element. Neither the electrical locking scheme nor the additional frequency-stabilized pump laser are used. The frequency of the external-cavity diode laser is stabilized to the Rb 1529 nm transition, and the Allan deviation of the Faraday laser is measured by converting the optical intensity into frequency. The Faraday laser can be used as a frequency standard in the telecom C band for further research on metrology, microwave photonics, and optical communication systems.     

Tunable optical add-drop multiplexer based on long-period fiber gratings for coarse wavelength division multiplexing systems

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a voltage-controllable add-drop multiplexer with a tunable coupler based on long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs). The tunable coupler is based on cladding mode coupling between two parallel LPFGs with divided coil heaters, which controls the resonant wavelength positions of the two LPFGs. The wavelength tunability of the tunable coupler is measured to be -0.45 nm/degrees C in the temperature range from 20 to 120 degrees C. The large tuning range of optical signals (approximately 50.54 nm) from 1502.32 to 1552.86 nm, which covers both the short (S) and the conventional (C) bands, is achieved. The channel isolation is as high as approximately 40 dB. It has several advantages, including a broad tuning range of wavelength in both the S- and C-bands, high channel isolation, no backreflection, and so on.     

Precise operation-frequency control of monolithic mode-locked laser diodes for high-speed optical communication and all-optical signal processing

We describe a method for pulse-repetition-frequency tuning of mode-locked laser diodes (MLLDs) monolithically integrated with a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). The pulse-repetition frequency, i.e., the cavity-roundtrip time, is tuned through loss-induced change in the effective length of the DBR. The frequency-tuning range as large as the chip-to-chip frequency deviation caused by cavity-length fabrication variation of 10 μm has been confirmed experimentally, and the MLLDs operate at SDH (synchronous digital hierarchy) frequencies of 9.953, 19.906 and 39.813 GHz. Synchronization with an external system-clock through the hybrid mode-locking operation reduces the timing jitter of the optical pulses to less than 0.3 ps. As an optical pulse source for optical communication, error-free 20-Gbps transmission over 3000 km has been demonstrated, confirming that the MLLD properties satisfy the requirements for use in real systems. The novel application of MLLDs to all-optical clock extraction, one of the essential functions required in all-optical signal processing, has been demonstrated at the 40-GHz SDH frequency.     

GHz optical communication experiments using lead-salt laser diodes in the 3.5–5.5μm wavelength region

The modulation performance of lead-salt laser diodes suitable for mid-infrared fibre optic communication systems has been investigated. The electron and photon lifetime for a PbCdS laser have been determined to 3.1 ns and 3.3 ps, respectively. Moreover, an experiment using short lengths of fluoride fibres shows the feasibility of GHz fibre optic communication links in the mid-infrared region using lead-salt lasers if the potential ultra-low loss of mid-infrared optical fibres can be realized.     

Performance of a dual-stage semiconductor laser amplifier for optical transmission repeater system

The performance of a dual-stage semiconductor laser amplifier consisting of a preamplifier and a power amplifier is evaluated theoretically and experimentally. The dual-stage optical amplifier can offer high-gain amplification with low noise figure by using a low-noise amplifier as a preamplifier. Using the dual-stage amplifier, 2.4 Gbits^–1 193 km optical fibre transmission was demonstrated. In addition, by applying an automatic power control system to the dual-stage amplifier, output power stabilization with wide dynamic range was obtained.     

High-intensity femtosecond laser systems based on coherent combining of optical fields

The basic design principles of high-intensity laser systems based on coherent combining of radiation of multichannel laser facilities are considered. The influence of the instability of parameters of individual beams on coherent combining efficiency is analyzed, and requirements on their values for realization of high-efficiency coherent combining are determined. The fundamental possibility of coherent combining of parametrically amplified femtosecond pulses is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. Combining pulses with an energy of ～1 mJ (pulse duration of 25–30 fs) with an efficiency exceeding 83% is realized by using a spherical mirror and a specially developed high-precision electro-optical relative time jitter stabilization scheme, which ensures its stability at ～170 as level. The analysis conducted and the experimental data confirm that there are no fundamental limitations on intensity scaling of the high-intensity laser system based on coherent combining being developed at the Institute of Laser Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.     

Fiber optical parametric amplifiers in optical communication systems

The prospects for using fiber optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) in optical communication systems are reviewed. Phase‐insensitive amplifiers (PIAs) and phase‐sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) are considered. Low‐penalty amplification at/or near 1 Tb/s has been achieved, for both wavelength‐ and time‐division multiplexed formats. High‐quality mid‐span spectral inversion has been demonstrated at 0.64 Tb/s, avoiding electronic dispersion compensation. All‐optical amplitude regeneration of amplitude‐modulated signals has been performed, while PSAs have been used to demonstrate phase regeneration of phase‐modulated signals. A PSA with 1.1‐dB noise figure has been demonstrated, and preliminary wavelength‐division multiplexing experiments have been performed with PSAs. 512 Gb/s have been transmitted over 6,000 km by periodic phase conjugation. Simulations indicate that PIAs could reach data rate x reach products in excess of 14,000 Tb/s × km in realistic wavelength‐division multiplexed long‐haul networks. Technical challenges remaining to be addressed in order for fiber OPAs to become useful for long‐haul communication networks are discussed.