Determination of Trace Metals in Antarctic Sediments from Terra Nova Bay - Ross Sea

Abstract

Trace metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, Mn) and iron concentration were determined in several sediments collected in the Antarctica (Terra Nova Bay—Ross Sea). Samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES) after selective and total extraction. The results are in good agreement with the data previously collected in the same area.     

Trace,Alkaline and Alkaline-Earth Elements in Sea Water Samples from Terra Nova Bay - Ross Sea (ANTARCTICA): A Three-Year Period of Observation

Abstract

This report concerns the correlation of the analytical results relevant to some elements obtained in filtered sea water samples collected in Terra Nova Bay and the Ross Sea (Antarctica) during three Italian expeditions. The following ranges of variability of the medians of total concentrations (ng/l) - which include time effect among expeditions and bias effect among participant groups - were found for trace elements (single values refer to elements which were only determined once by one laboratory): Sb (260), As (1.2 10³), Cd (5–50), Cr (120), Co (4), Cu (110–230), Fe (435–445), Pb (6–52), Mn (15–88), Hg (3), Ni (185–580), Se (30) and Zn (242–265). Speciation studies pointed out that 10–40% of Cd, 15–60% of Cu and 20–50% of Pb were present in the samples as an ASV-labile fraction.

As for alkaline and alkaline-earth elements, the following concentration ranges in surface sea waters, expressed in mM, were found: Li ([1.4–3.0] 10^?2), Na (394–480), K(5.1–9.9), Ca (6.4–14.7), Mg (46.2–59.0) and Sr ([7.6–10] 10^?2).

Inter- and intra-laboratory data comparison, incorrect results, local variations of concentration, including pollution effects and pack melting effect, are discussed in detail.     

Trace Metal Speciation and Research in Marine Geochemistry

Abstract

In order to precise the origin and behaviour of trace metals associated with coastal marine sediments, marine geochemists frequently utilize various methods of sequential extraction. The main objective is to test the potential mobility / stability of particulate metals in the natural environments. Several examples are presented in the article, namely: i/ Exchangeable Pb from podzolic soils of the drainage basin of a lagoon which sediments and phreatic waters are for a large part inherited from the surrounding soils; ii/ Evolution of particulate metals in an estuary; iii/ Mobility of metals at the sea bottom interface; iv/ Role of amorphous components of estuarine sediments and suspended matter; v/ Effects of dredging activities on solubility of metals in an estuary; vi/ Behaviour of heavy metals in lagoons.

Main results obtained from the extraction procedures are described, as well as particular difficulties encountered when applying some classical methods.     

A Comparison of Methods for the Determination of Available Trace Metals in Sea Water

Abstract

Two methods for the determination of available trace metals CCd, Pb, and Cu) in sea water are compared. One method employs anodic stripping voltammetry at controlled pH (8.1, 5.3, and 2); the other method involves sample pretreatment with Chelex-100 resin before ASV analysis. Differences in the results are discussed in terms of the definition of available metal and differences in the analytical methods.     

Vertical Distribution of137 Cs in The Lacustrine Areas and Preliminary Results of 7Be Activity in Snow Samples at Terra Nova Bay (ANTARCTICA)

Abstract

¹³⁷ Cs activity in samples from lacustrine areas around the Italian base in Antarctica is reported as an integration of a previous work. Preliminary data of cosmogenic ⁷ Be activity determined in snowfalls, total atmospheric depositions, soil and air particulate collected during the 1990–91 and 1991–92 Italian expeditions in Antarctica is presented. The results obtained point out the efficiency of snow in the processes of air particulate scavenging and provide useful information for the development of research in Antarctica in the study of air/snow transfer processes by means of natural radionuclides.     

Accumulation of Major,Minor and Trace Elements in Pine Needles (Pinus nigra) in Vienna (Austria)

Increasing heavy metal pollution in the environment and the fact that pine needles are good bio-monitors for air pollutants was the reason to investigate their accumulation in pine needles in Vienna (Austria). Pinus nigra is widespread over the city, thus allowing the study of different parameters influencing metal accumulation. The sampling sites were chosen based on traffic volume (low, medium, high). Fresh shoots were collected alongside one-year-old needles once per week from May to August 2015. The needle samples were washed and dried prior to acidic microwave-assisted digestion followed by quantitative determination using spectrometric methods. The investigation was focused on the following elements: Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, U, V, and Zn. The one-year-old needles mainly contained higher contents of elements than fresh shoots; in many cases, the values differed statistically significantly. By correlating needle elemental contents with the sampling site, statistically significant differences were registered for the majority of the investigated elements. These differences originate from the local traffic situation, soil elemental levels, translocation processes, and not traffic-related sources. No general trend of metal accumulation from spring to summer was registered.     

潮州市西湖沉积物中金属元素的污染特性研究

用原子吸收分光光度法研究了潮州市西湖沉积物中的铜、锌、铅、镉、锰、镍、镁、钙等金属元素的含量及分布规律。结果表明,铜、铅、锌、镉和镍是主要的重金属污染物,沉积物中5种重金属的平均含量为:铜584.7 mg/kg,铅149.1 mg/kg,锌360.9 mg/kg,镉1.2 mg/kg,镍76.7 mg/kg,均高于我国土壤背景值。     

鄱阳湖地区土壤微量元素含量分布及污染对植物的生物效应探讨

论述了鄱阳湖地区不同土壤类型微量元素的含量特征，土壤微量元素的环境质量，探讨了土壤微量元素与农作物的关系以及土壤污染影响农业生态的两种途径。     

Speciation of organotin compounds in water and sediments by gas chromatography/atomic absorption spectrometry (GC-AAS)

A commercially available atomic absorption detector coupled to a wide-bore column-containing gas Chromatograph (GC-AAS) was utilized to detect organotin compounds. Speciation was performed by pentane extraction of the organotin species as the corresponding sodium diethyldithiocarbamate complexes, enrichment by rotary evaporation, derivatization with Grignard reagent and finally the extracted water and sediment samples were separated and detected on the GC-AAS system.     

Application of a Cation-Exchange Membrane to Determine Cations of Trace Metals in River Water

Donnan-membrane-equilibrium graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectrophotometry (DME-GFAAS) has been developed to determine cations of trace metals in river water. The method employs a cation-exchange membrane to separate metal cations from their complexes; both total and cationic forms of metals were determined by means of GFAAS. The sensitivity of the method for the measurement of trace metal cations is determined by the detection limits of GFAAS for the metals of interest. Comparable concentrations of metal cations in water from NBS and from the Erhjen river were obtained between the DME-GFAAS and calculated (WATEQ4F) methods, indicating that the developed method is promising for natural fresh waters. The effect of pH on the distribution of metal cation in the NBS river water is significant for Cu and Pb; concentrations of these cations increase with decreasing pH. However, the concentrations of Cd and Zn cations do not vary with pH except that the concentration of the Zn cation decreases significantly as the pH value increases beyond 9. The method was applied to measure the capacity of complexing Cu in Chung-Lu river water, which was estimated to be 2.3 μM.     

Study of the Contents and Speciation of Heavy Metals in River sediments By Factor Analysis

Abstract

Heavy metals Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Co from two spanish river sediments have been determined by voltammetric techniques, along with % CaCO₃ and % organic matter, and the whole data set examined by means of Factor Analysis, finding a different behaviour of the metals in each river.

Heavy metal speciation in the sediments was carried out by using the Tessier's scheme: Zn and Pb were mainly associated to ‘reducible phases’, Cd and Cu bound to ‘organic matter and sulphides’, and Ni and Co were distributed between the above fractions. The ‘residual’ metals were used as pollution indicators from the rivers, finding a similar behaviour to other industrialized river systems.     

Speciation of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge and Sludge-Amended Soil

Abstract

The presence of heavy metals in sewage sludge restricts their agricultural use. Sequential extraction procedures may provide an assessment of the mobility of these elements in sludge and sludge-amended soil, and may help to predict the release of metals in soil solution. Nevertheless, the “phases” in which an element occurs are operationally defined and it is necessary to standardize a procedure in order to allow the comparison of result from different laboratories.     

鱼腥草中Mg的分布及形态研究

采用原子吸收光谱法对鱼腥草全草中Mg的分布及存在形态进行了研究，得出了对鱼腥草不同部位中微量元素Mg的总含量、提取率、残留率、浸留比以及阳离子、阴离子各形态含量等形态分析的参数，并发现鱼腥草中的微量元素Mg含量丰富，而且大部分Mg的结合形态为阳离子形态，能溶于水。根据实验结果分析Mg可能是鱼腥草的药用有效成分之一。     

Investigation of Adsorption Rates of Pb, Cd, Cu, Co and Ni to Fresh-water Surface Coatings Developed in Nanhu Lake

IntroductionSurfacecoatingsaccountforawiderangeofmi crobialorganismsontheearth[1] ,formonthevarioussurfacesundervariedconditions ,andcoverthesur facesofallthematerialsinrivers,lakes ,andwet lands ,suchasrocksandsediments[2 ] .Theyplayadominantroleindeterminingthetransportandulti matefateofcontaminantsinnaturalaquaticenviron ment,whichisduetoinpartthatcontaminantsmustreachandcrosssurfacecoatingsbeforetheycontactthesubstrates[3] .Ithasbeenprovedthatamongthemaincomponentsinsurfacecoatings,mangane…     

Trace metal speciation in coastal and off-shore sediments from Ross Sea (Antarctica)

The information on total metal concentration in sediments is not sufficient to assess the metal behaviour in the environment, while speciation studies are more effective in estimating environmental impact of contaminated sediments. Concerning metal distribution in Antarctic marine sediments, several studies reported total or extractable (by means of a unique reagent) content, but only few publications dealt with metal speciation.This work presents the total content and speciation pattern of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in 12 cm sediment cores, sampled both in coastal and off-shore sites of the Ross Sea shelf area, within the framework of the Italian National Antarctic Programme (PNRA). The total content results of metals are comparable with the background values and the speciation highlights good environmental quality of the studied areas. Only Cd and Pb, in fact, are present in significative amount in non residual phases (acid-extractable and reducible, respectively).     

Sequential Speciation Analysis of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water Pipe Scales by Mass Spectrometry

An electrochemical mass spectrometry technique was developed based on a homemade analytical device for sequential analysis of the heavy metals with various speciations in the scales. Four speciations(e.g., water-soluble speciation, organic speciation, indissoluble speciation and elemental speciation) of heavy metals are sequentially extracted by H₂O, CH₃OH, EDTA-2Na and electrolysis for online electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS) detection. The method takes significant advantages, such as requiring no tedious offline sample pretreatment, high speed of analysis(20 min), high throughput (multi-metals), good sensitivity(0.5 μg/L) and rich chemical information(four speciations). As a result, the rapid comprehensive characterization of four speciations of Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, Ba, Mn, Cr and Ca in water pipe scales has been qualitatively achieved. It demonstrated that the present method is a powerful tool for the effective assessment of potential hazards in drinking water, which provides a new analytical idea for evaluating water quality.     

Preconcentration of Trace Elements in Water for Speciation Studies

Trace element speciation has recently become one of the most important problems in water analysis. Proper combination of preconcentration techniques with instrumental determination methods is essential to speciation analysis, because sensitivity and selectivity of direct determination methods are generally lacking. The present paper describes such preconcentration techniques as filtration, centrifugation, flotation and sorption, which have been developed in the author's laboratory for the speciation of heavy metals in river and pond waters by electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis and chemical analysis. The application of freeze concentration to the speciation of silica in high-purity waters is also discussed.     

离子色谱法测定盐湖沉积物中可溶性阴离子

盐湖沉积物中可溶性阴离子提取和测试方法对其实验结果至关重要,但不同的前处理提取和测试条件缺乏系统的对比和优化。本文对比了水浴加热、超声提取、涡旋震荡三种前处理条件的提取效率,发现涡旋震荡离心的前处理方法回收率最佳,并进一步优化了水土比例、涡旋震荡离心方法的浸提时间和浸提次数。在离子色谱测试方法方面,发现以30 mmol/L KOH溶液作为淋洗液,流速1 mL/min,柱温30 oC,电导检测器进行离子色谱分析效果最好。最终建立了以涡旋震荡离心为前处理提取,离子色谱法测定盐湖沉积物中四种无机可溶性阴离子（F-、Cl-、SO42-和NO3-）的检测方法。该方法中,四种阴离子检出限≤0.026 mg/L,线性相关性良好R2≥0.998,加标回收率为80%~114%,精密度RSD为0.64%~1.31%,具有快速准确、灵敏度高、简单可靠等优点,可适用于高盐度盐湖沉积物样品中无机阴离子的测定,并利用该方法对六份西藏地区盐湖表层沉积物样品进行分析。     

Polarographic Determination of Low Concentrations of Nitrilotriacetate in Lake Water

Abstract

Samples of lake water containing NTA in concentrations from 1 to 10 ppm have been analysed by a polarographic method. The NTA was converted to its 1:1 cadmium complex by adding a 100% excess of cadmium. The method can be used also when sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium alkylbenzenesulphonate are present in the sample.     

采集的生物膜中痕量重金属的形态分布特征

采用改进的Tessier连续萃取方法对从松花江中采集的生物膜中锰、 铁、 铜、 铅、 锌及镉的化学形态进行分析, 考察了生物膜上铁、 锰氧化物和有机质吸附重金属的相对作用, 同时讨论了在研究培养的生物膜吸附痕量重金属时所建立的选择性萃取方法对于采集的生物膜组分分离的适用性. 研究结果表明, 在采集的生物膜上痕量重金属以铁、 锰的氧化物为主要结合形态存在, 以此种形态存在的铜、 锌、 铅和镉分别占其总含量的62.9%, 58.3%, 53.8%和32.6%, 而以有机结合态存在的铜、 锌、 铅和镉, 分别占其总含量的1.1%, 0.6%, 9.9%和1.8%, 表明采集的生物膜上铁、 锰氧化物在吸附重金属的过程中起主要的控制作用, 而有机质的作用相对较小, 与以往利用选择性萃取技术研究培养的生物膜吸附重金属的规律一致. 进一步分析表明, 如扣除生物膜上铁的残渣态部分, 则选择性萃取分离技术可以有效地将采集的生物膜上的铁、 锰氧化物及有机质分离开.