Lipids of defective cotton seeds and the influence of microflora on their composition

A comparative study has been made of the lipid composition of defective and first-grade cotton seeds after their prolonged storage under industrial conditions. On the basis of the change in the lipids of the seeds subjected to thermal spoilage it is proposed to consider the process of spontaneous heating as a group of enzymatic processes taking place mainly in not fully ripe seeds when they are damaged by pathogenic microflora.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 677–686, November–December, 1986.     

Influence of the degree of ripeness of cotton seeds on their lipid composition

The influence of the degree of ripeness of the seeds of the cotton plant on their lipid composition has been studied. It has been established that as the seeds ripen their lipid composition becomes simpler, and in the developing cotton seeds the biosynthesis of triglycerides takes place with the participation of the mono-and diacylglycerides as intermediates.     

The change in the globulins during the development of cotton seeds

The biosynthesis of the 11S and 7S globulins — the main reserve proteins of cotton seeds — has been investigated. The periods at which the globulins appear in cotton seeds have been established. The changes in the amino acid composition and in the secondary structure of the 11S globulin during the ripening of cotton seeds have been studied.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 349–355, May–June, 1984.     

Mechanism of contamination with aflatoxins of cotton seeds and products of their processing

A possible mechanism of the contamination of cotton seeds and the products of their processing with aflatoxins has been studied. It has been found that the contamination of cotton seeds with aflatoxin takes place mainly on storage in the cotton ginning factory and the oils and fats combine. In the processing of the cotton seeds, part of the aflatoxins passes into the final products and part decomposes. Meal stored in the oil and fats combine undergo secondary contamination with aflatoxins.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 118–123, January–February, 1988.     

Lipid complex of the kernels of seeds of cotton plants of the wilt-resistant variety 175-F

The amount, qualitative and class compositions, and total fatty acid composition of the free, bound, and strongly bound lipids of kernels of the seeds of cotton plant of variety 175-F have been determined, and with the aid of enzymatic hydrolysis the strongly bound lipids have been isolated from the cottonseed kernels in the native form. It has been established that more than half the weight of the lipids comprises neutral varieties and the remainder are polar components. The lipids of the more stable lipid-protein complexes possess a higher degree of saturation.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 314–318, May–June, 1991.     

Influence of some defoliants on the gossypol pigments of cotton seeds

The influence of a number of defoliants on the gossypol pigments of cotton seeds of variety S-4880 has been studied. It was established that the qualitative compositions of the pigments of the defoliant-treated plants and of the control plants were identical. However, their quantitative composition in seeds treated with defoliants having a severe action had changed substantially: they contained larger amounts of the bound forms of gossypol than in the variants with defoliants having a mild action.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 208–212, March–April, 1993.     

Kinetics of the level of lipids in a cotton plant of variety 6524 S during maturation

The composition and amount of lipids in the seeds and leaves of the cotton plant of variety 6524 S over the vegetation periods have been investigated. The rate of biosynthesis of neutral lipids in cotton seeds in the 20-day period after flowering to the moment of maturation increases by a factor of 1.6 while the amounts of phospho- and glycolipids decrease by factors of 3.9 and 4.3, respectively. The fatty acid compositions of the neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids of the seeds and leaves have been determined.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbekistan Republic, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 359–362, May–June, 1993.     

Protein-lipid complexes of cotton kernels and the products of their processing

The composition and lipid content of the lipoprotein complexes of cotton kernels (I), meal (II), and isolate (III) have been investigated. It has been shown that with the aid of an acidic alcohol-containing extractant it is possible to isolate up to 99% of the strongly bound lipids (SBLs) of their total mass. In the composition of the strongly bound lipids (I–III) have been found neutral lipids comparable with the free lipids of the kernel; of polar lipids, glycolipids were present. It was found that an acid extractant extracts polyphenolic compounds together with the SBLs.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 466–472, July–August, 1990.     

Lipids of defective cotton seeds and the influence of microflora on their composition

A comparative study has been made of the lipid composition of defective and first-grade cotton seeds after their prolonged storage under industrial conditions. On the basis of the change in the lipids of the seeds subjected to thermal spoilage it is proposed to consider the process of spontaneous heating as a group of enzymatic processes taking place mainly in not fully ripe seeds when they are damaged by pathogenic microflora.     

Lipid composition of the seeds of the cotton plant infected with wilt

The qualitative and quantitative set of lipid components of the seeds of healthy cotton plants of the variety Tashkent-1 and plants infected with verticillium wilt have been studied. It has been established that the compositions of the lipids of the two samples differ considerably. The greatest differences are observed in the amounts of total lipids, gossypol, and low-molecular-weight volatile acids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 319–325, May–June, 1980.     

Isolation of the total tRNA from cotton seeds

Summary 1. A comparative study has been made of various methods of isolating the tRNA from cotton seeds. It has been found that the best results are given by extraction of cotton seeds with a mixture of 80% phenol and 0.14 M NaCl.2. The conditions have been worked out for the preparative isolation of the total tRNA.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 621–624, September–October, 1978.     

Isolation of the phospholipids of the cotton plant and their composition

Summary The yields of the free and bound lipids of the seed kernels of cotton plants of varieties S-4727 and S-6029 have been determined by their successive treatment with selective solvent, and the total and fractional proportions of lipid phosphorus have been found.The phospholipids have been solated and their group composition has been determined; it has been established that the main components are phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylinositols, and phosphatidylethanolamines, while polyglycerophosphatides, lysophosphatidylcholines, and unidentified polar phospholipid are present in small amounts.The fatty-acid compositions of the free and bound lipids and phospholipids have been studied.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 449–453, July–August, 1975.     

Minor phospholipids of cotton seeds

Summary The minor components of the total PLs of seeds of the cotton plant of variety 108-F have been studied.N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine and N-acyllysophosphatidylethanolamine have been isolated from cotton seed for the first time and some of their physicochemical properties and their fatty-acid compositions have been studied.Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 580–583, September–October, 1976.     

Lipolytic enzymes of cotton seeds V. Triacetinase

Summary A triacetinase has been isolated from cotton seeds by the methods of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The homogeneity of the enzyme was shown by rechromatography, electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation, and a determination of the terminal amino acid. The molecular weight of the triacetinase obtained by four different methods (column gel filtration, thin-layer chromatography, ultracentrifugation, and amino-acid composition) is 18,000±1200. The amino-acid composition and the N-terminal amino-acid residue — methionine — have determined.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 767–770, November–December, 1974.     

Phospholipids of the medium-fiber cotton plant variety 159-F

Summary 1. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the PLs of an industrial medium-fiber cotton plant of variety 159-F (1972 and 1974 harvests) have been considered. It has been shown that the total PL amounted to 1.76 and 1.85% and consisted of 60–65% PC, 16–18% PI, 6–8% PE, and 10–14% of combined minor components, respectively.2. The distribution of the lipid phosphorus has been studied during the isolation of PLs by selective solvents. The lipid phosphorus amounted to 5.5% of the total phosphorus in the seed kernels.3. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the fatty acids of the individual lipid fractions and of the individual PCs, PIs, and PEs have been determined. The position distribution of the fatty acids of the main groups of PLs has been established and a possible molecular composition has been given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 198–202, March–April, 1977.     

The hydroxy acids of cottonseed oil

Summary It has been established that the oil of the ripe seeds of the cotton plant of variety 108-F contains 9,10-epoxyoctadec-cis-12-enoic (I) and 12,13-epoxyoctadec-cis-9-enoic (II) acids. In addition, 9-hydroxyoctadecacis,trans-10,12-dienoic (III) and 13-hydroxyoctadeca-cis,trans-9,11-dienoic (IV) acids, found previously in other oils, have been detected.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 591–593, September–October, 1976.     

A comparative investigation of the fatty acid compositions of the seeds of a number of lines of a genetic collection of Gossypium hirsutum

A comparative analysis has been made of the amounts of lipids and their fatty-acid compositions in the seeds of the lines of agenetic collection of cotton plants of the speciesGossypium hirsutum and their hybrids and the variety Tashkent-1. The results obtained on the fatty-acid compositions of some hybrids make it possible to recommend the use of individual lines of cotton plants as donors for improving the food-value indices of cottonseed oil.Institute of Chemsitry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 173–176, March–April, 1991.     

Influence of ultradisperse iron and copper powders on the oil content of cotton seeds and on the fatty acid composition of the seed lipids

The oil contents and the fatty acid compositions of the lipids of cotton seeds of varieties AN-402 and AN-9 grown under the influence of ultradisperse powders (UDPs) of iron and copper have been studied. Changes in the absolute weight, oil content, and fatty acid composition of the seeds have been shown. The action of an iron UDP led to an appreciable fall in the amount of palmitic acid in the AN-402 variety and a rise in the oleic acid content.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 165–167, March–April, 1998.     

Protease A from cotton seeds. Isolation and purification of the enzyme

Protease A has been isolated in the homogeneous state from dormant seeds of cotton plants of the Tashkent-I variety. A scheme is proposed for the isolation and purification of the enzyme which includes the following stages: extraction of the defatted seeds with 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4; precipitation of the protein with ammonium sulfate at 60% saturation; desalting by dialysis; and ionexchange chromatography on a column containing CM- and DEAE-celluloses. The molecular weight of the enzyme has been determined as 60,000. The enzyme efficiently hydrolyzes azocasein and the 7S and 11S reserve proteins of cotton seeds. Its maximum activity appears at pH 6.4–7.4 and a temperature of 35–40°C; it is not activated by sulfhydryl reagents and loses its activity in the presence of diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate. The assumption is made that protease A belongs to the serine type of trypsin-like proteases.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 738–741, November–December, 1986.     

Lipid complex of Peganum harmala

The lipid complex of the seeds ofPeganum harmala (fam. Zygophyllaceae) has been investigated. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the neutral lipids and the phospholipids have been studied. The fatty acid compositions of the acyl-containing lipids have been determined and it has been shown that in the triacylglycerols and phosphatidylethanolamines the sn-2 position is esterified mainly by linoleic acid.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 625–627, November–December, 1992.