环的次极大理想

引入了环的次极大理想的概念，讨论了它的性质，并得到比环的理想的准素分解定理更普遍的结论。     

Quantale中理想的扩张

讨论理想Quantale的性质,给出了当Q是可换Quantale时,Q中理想都是半素理想的一个条件.引入了理想的扩张的概念,证明了与序半群中的一些经典结论相一致的命题.通过理想的扩张构造了一个Quantale上的同余,得到了当原理想是素理想时,这个同余所确定的Quantale商是Frame且找到了它的具体结构.     

B0,I0,B1,I1,C0-半群

利用半群的理想和双理想呈现的包含关系定义了新的半群类B0,I0,B1,I1,C0-半群,讨论其性质,证明了正则半群S是C0-半群的充要条件是S是矩形带;B0,I0,B1,I1,C0-半群各自的直积半群和关于同余的商半群保持B0,I0,B1,I1,C0性.     

理想簇和根理想

关于环的理想的根有两种定义,一种是所有包含I的极大理想的交,另一种是所有包含I的素理想交,本文主要研究后者定义的一些性质,以及和理想簇V(I)(所有包含I的素理想的集合)的关系.     

BCI-代数中的几种理想

BCI－代数中的理想是一个极其重要的概念，本文引入两类不同的理想，即广义结合理想与拟右交错理想，研究了他们与思想，结合理想，P－理想的关系，并用广义结合理想子代数，刻画了广义结合BCI－代数，指明了拟右交错理想与结合理想的不同之处，用拟右交错理想刻画了拟右交错BCI－代数。     

3—5阶BCK—代数理想的分类

Iseki.K.于1975年在BCK-代数中提出了理想和正定理想[1]。我们自1984年以来,对理想作了较深入的研究,分别于1984年和1988年提出了关联理想和可换理想的概念[3],[4]并讨论了各种理想之间的关系。理想在BCK-代数的研究中占有重要的位置。本文利用计算     

所有双理想都是素双理想的半群

设S为一个半群,B是S的一个双理想(即B是S的一个满足条件BSBB的子半群)．如果对S的任意双理想C,D都有CDB蕴涵CB或DB,我们就称B为S的一个素双理想．如果K是一个N-覆盖的纯LR-带,我们就称K为一条拟链．本文证明了半群S的所有双理想都是素双理想的充分必要条件是S是一个幂等元形成拟链的纯整群并半群．     

BCK—代数理想（Ⅳ）

本文是作者［１］－［６］的继续，我们得到下述结果：定理４．设Ｉ是ＢＣＫ－代数Ｘ的一个理想，ａ是Ｘ的一个元素，则包含Ｉ和ａ的最小理想是对某个非负整数｝．定理１４．设Ｘ是一个Ｌｕｋａｓｉｅｗｉｃｚ代数，Ｉ是Ｘ的一个质理想．如果Ａ是Ｘ的一个真理想且，则Ａ也是质的．定理１５．Ｌｕｋａｓｉｅｗｉｃｚ代数Ｘ的零理想｛０｝是质的当且仅当＜Ｘ；≤＞是一个全序集．     

BCH-代数的模糊理想与模糊H-理想

在BCK／BCI／BCC代数中Fuzzy理想被广泛研究，但在BCH-代数中还没有讨论过。在BCH-代数中引人了Fuzzy理想与FuzzyH-理想的概念，并讨论它们的性质。     

基于模糊信息熵理论的港口物流系统竞争能力研究——以福州港智慧物流与低碳港口建设为例

在其深层次机理上,港口物流系统竞争能力必受其物质技术支撑体系的制约．结合智慧港口和第五代港口基本理论,可得出深层次物质技术支撑体系主要有：物质资源禀赋、城市经济系统、物联网系统、港口经营系统、绿色效率系统等．以相关港口物流系统竞争力基本理论为指导,考虑到中国各港口的实际情况,结合数据获得的难易程度,分别从基础设施、发展环境、智慧技术、服务水平、低碳绩效五个方面遴选出18个评价指标,按照模糊信息熵理论,利用全国24个主要港口2001—2013年的原始数据,通过数学软件Matlab编程,计算出系统层指标的信息熵和权重及全国8个代表性港口2013年的竞争能力综合评价值,并以福建省福州港为例,对其进行横向比较和纵向时序分析．     

New properties of the Busemann ellipsea

A combination of the Busemann ellipse, the inscribed unit circle and a circle of radius √2 about the same centre is considered. For supersonic two-dimensional potential gas flows, it is shown that the inclinations of the velocity vector in motion along an arbitrary characteristic, the characteristic itself and the characteristic of the other family have values equal to, respectively. the difference between the areas of the elliptical and circular (R = 1) sectors, the difference between the areas of the elliptical and circular (R = √2) sectors, and the area of the elliptical sector, apart from unimportant multiplicative and additive constants. The straight sides of the sectors in question are the semiminor antis of the ellipse and the radius vector of the velocity. The obvious analogy with one of Ke:pler's laws is pointed out. The existence of a point of intersection of the ellipse and the second circle illustrates a well-known result of Khristianovich concerning the points of inflexion of characteristics with a monotone velocity distribution. It is shown how the combination of the ellipse and the inscribed circle illustrates the simplification of the compatibility conditions and the Darboux equation for trans- and hypersonic flows.     

城市老旧居住小区交通环境评价指标与评价方法

定量的评判城市老旧居住小区整体交通环境质量并进而科学有效的提出老旧小区交通环境更新与改善措施,对城市老旧居住小区交通环境进行了调查,明确了老旧居住小区存在的突出交通问题,并提出了城市老旧居住小区交通环境评价的指标体系,包括行人跨路出行指数、无人行道路段长度占比、停车泊位供需比、路内非法停车占比、平均停车步行距离、泊位数量户数比、人均步行空间、无障碍通道、盲道设置比例、非机动车泊位供需比、地面停放车辆数小区面积比、外部穿行交通周转量小区面积比等。并给出了具体指标的计算方法与获得办法。以长沙市四个典型老旧居住小区为例,对评价方法进行了论证,并得到城市老旧居住小区存在的一般问题,包括人车混杂、人车交织现象严重,停车泊位短缺、车辆乱停乱放,交通设施、特别是弱势群体交通设施缺乏。给出的评价指标、评价方法与结论可为城市老旧小区改造更新,特别是其中很重要的交通环境更新提供决策依据。     

乡村绿色生态旅游适宜等级VIKOR评估方法

针对乡村绿色生态旅游特征,并考虑旅游者个体感受与群体效益,本文从乡村绿色生态旅游开发与适宜评级概念出发,提出乡村绿色生态旅游适宜等级VIKOR评估模型与方法。首先,从等级评估的概念与内涵出发,刻画乡村绿色生态旅游适宜评级问题,避免混淆旅游适宜评级和排序两个本质不同的问题。然后,构建乡村绿色生态旅游适宜等级评估指标及隶属函数,提出评估指标的熵权确定方法。其次,提出乡村绿色生态旅游适宜等级VIKOR评估模型与二元语义等级评估方法。最后,通过案例研究和比较分析,说明本文所提模型与方法的合理性、可行性与实用性。     

废弃食品回流再造问题的产品价格分析

针对废弃食品回流再造的食品安全问题,建立相关利益主体包括食品制造商、废弃食品收购者在各自独立以及作为利益共同体的不同条件下的优化模型,分析新生产食品价格和回流再造食品价格以及相应的利润、影响因素.结果表明:作为同一利益主体,生产制造昂贵食品对食品制造商获利不利,而回流再造成本越低,对食品制造商通过回流再造获利是有利的;若食品制造商和收购者各自独立决定价格,收购者进行回流再造的行为会干扰当前食品零售市场;由于回流再造食品的价格比较优势,在信息不对称时消费者会倾向选择回流再造食品.     

On products and line graphs of signed graphs, their eigenvalues and energy

In this article we examine the adjacency and Laplacian matrices and their eigenvalues and energies of the general product (non-complete extended p-sum, or NEPS) of signed graphs. We express the adjacency matrix of the product in terms of the Kronecker matrix product and the eigenvalues and energy of the product in terms of those of the factor graphs. For the Cartesian product we characterize balance and compute expressions for the Laplacian eigenvalues and Laplacian energy. We give exact results for those signed planar, cylindrical and toroidal grids which are Cartesian products of signed paths and cycles.We also treat the eigenvalues and energy of the line graphs of signed graphs, and the Laplacian eigenvalues and Laplacian energy in the regular case, with application to the line graphs of signed grids that are Cartesian products and to the line graphs of all-positive and all-negative complete graphs.     

Time-linearized,compact methods for the inviscid GRLW equation subject to initial Gaussian conditions

The objective of this paper is three-fold. First, four time-linearization methods that are second- and fourth-order accurate in time and space, respectively, are presented and used to study the dynamics of the modified and generalized regularized-long wave equations (mRLW and GRLW equations, respectively). Two of the methods use the conservation-law form of the equations and treat the wave amplitude and its second-order spatial derivative and the linear and nonlinear advection fluxes as unknowns, whereas the other two employ the non-conservation-law form of the equations and consider the wave amplitude and its first- and second-order spatial derivatives as unknowns. The methods employ three-point fourth-order accurate Padé discretizations for the first- and second-order derivatives, are second-order accurate in time, and yield linear systems of blocktridiagonal matrices. Second, the accuracy of these methods is assessed by comparing their results with those of the exact solution of the mRLW equation. It is reported that the four methods predict nearly the same values of the three invariants and have the same accuracy, and that an accurate prediction of the invariants may not correspond to small errors in space and time. Third, the dynamics of the inviscid GRLW equation is studied first qualitatively in terms of length and time scales and then numerically as a function of the linear advection speed, the exponent of the nonlinear advection flux, the dispersion coefficient and the amplitude and width of the initial bell-shaped or Gaussian conditions. It is shown that wide initial conditions result in wave steepening and breakup and the formation of solitary waves whose amplitude and speed decrease as the time for their formation increases. For narrow initial conditions, it is shown that only a single solitary wave may form. Behind this wave and depending on the parameters that characterized the inviscid GRLW equation, rarefaction or negative amplitude waves that propagate towards the upstream boundary or a train of localized oscillatory waves that do not emerge from the trailing edge of the leading solitary wave may be formed. These oscillatory waves exhibit the characteristics of, but are not dispersive shock waves and their amplitude and frequency increases as the width of the initial conditions is decreased. The results presented here do not only complement previous work by the authors, they also show that the dynamics of the inviscid GRLW equation undergoes new and interesting phenomena as the width of the initial conditions is decreased.     

低碳环境友好技术政产学研金协同创新演化博弈研究

在气候变化应对日益紧迫的背景下,研究了政府、企业、研发机构和金融机构(政产学研金)参与低碳环境友好技术(LCEFT)创新的条件和策略。以企业合作关系为假设条件,引入金融主体和科研机构,构建了LCEFT的政产学研金协调创新博弈模型,深入分析了碳权质押、信用等级、投资回报等因素对博弈系统群体协调创新策略的影响。研究表明,金融机构参与协同创新的决策受到政府奖惩机制、绿色信贷项目盈利和风险等因素的影响;多主体在资源和能力上的互补性正是LCEFT协同创新联盟形成的关键;政府部门的奖惩机制能够促进多主体合作,但难以使得整体获得最优,达到整体最优的关键是有效地发挥政府部门的引导作用和金融机构的杠杆作用。本文为政府部门制定绿色金融、产学研协同创新及产业化管理机制提供了新思路和一定的决策参考。     

Tools of the mind: Techniques and methods for intellectual work: V. STIBIC North-Holland,Amsterdam, 1982, xiii + 297 pages,Dfl.85.00

Many location problems may be separated into a series of interrelated macro, meso and micro decision-making states. The macro scale decision determines the type, capacity and number of facilities, the meso scale decision determines the location and allocation of facilities and the micro scale decision determines such considerations as routing and scheduling of service vehicles. This paper concerns the first two levels of decision-making.The present paper demonstrates the use of two models: (i) an analytical model that uses continuum approximations and methods of calculus to determine the number of facilities, the capacity and the approximate location of each that minimizes the sum of the transportation and facility costs for a slowly varying demand rate, and (ii) a traditional location-allocation model that determines more exactly the resulting locations and allocations. These two approaches have specific requirements in terms of data input, cost of data collection and cost of solution and, consequently, yield unique insights and benefits for practising planners. The strengths and weaknesses of the two models are complementary. This thesis is developed with an analysis of the Calgary, Alberta refuse collection and disposal system.     

The buckling of a drill string in a curvilinear borehole with axial line imperfections

The problem of the elastic buckling of drill strings in the channels of deep curved boreholes with geometric axial line imperfections is formulated. Imperfections in the form of localized helices are considered. The relation between the forces resisting the motion of the string and the amplitudes, pitches and sites of localization of the imperfections is analysed. The distributed forces of contact and friction interaction between the drill string and the borehole surface are found and the effects of seizure of the drill string are established. It is shown that the resistive forces and their moments increase as the amplitudes of the imperfections increase, and as their pitches and the displacement of the zones where they are relocated from the lower most distorted parts to the upper least distorted parts, decrease.