Boron Separation by the Two—step Ion—Exchange for the Isotopic Measurement of Boron

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬａｒｇｅｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｉｓｏｔｏｐｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｂｏｒｏｎｏｃｃｕｒｉｎｎａｔｕｒｅ .ＴｈｅｂｏｒｏｎｉｓａｕｓｅｆｕｌｔｒａｃｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆａｑｕｅｏｕｓｆｌｕｉｄｓｉｎｔｈｅＥａｒｔｈ’ｓｃｒｕｓｔａｎｄｈｙｄｒｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ .1 6Ｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｆａｎａ ｌｙｔｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ ,7,8ａｒａｐｉｄｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｅｅｎｉｎｍａｎｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆｔ…     

离子交换树脂相分光光度法测定铜

根据铜（Ⅱ）与１－（５－溴－２吡啶偶氮）－２蔡酚－６－磺酸（５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＮ－Ｓ）形成稳定络合物这一性质,利用阴离子交换树脂为吸附载体,建立了离子交换树脂相分光光度法测定铜的新方法。以最大吸收波长５８４ｎｍ为测定波长,８００ｎｍ为参比波长,用双波长法进行测定,灵敏度高,选择性、重现性好。铜量在０￣１０μｇ范围内服从比尔定律,方法用于水样及人发中微量铜的测定,结果满意。     

Extraction of Organic Compounds from Aqueous Media by Amberlite XAD Resins

Abstract

Three Amberlite polymeric resins, XAD-2, XAD-4 and XAD-7, were evaluated for extraction efficiency from aqueous media of several organic compounds representing pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and phthalate esters. The three resins exhibited different extraction characteristics. The extraction efficiency of the resins was found to be dependent on pH conditions and, on the average, was best at pH7. At this pH the XAD-2 and XAD-4 resins yielded quantitative recoveries in the 90–100% range for most compounds at the 20–200ppb level. Recoveries by XAD-7 resins were lower for several compounds. The recovery of aldrin and o, p DDT under all conditions was relatively low (>68%) and showed a higher degree of variability than that obtained for the other compounds. Alkaline pH conditions were generally unfavourable for the extraction of phenolic compounds but acidification to pH2 was not found to be a necessary step for the quantitative extraction of the phenolic compounds. Acidification to pH2 further led to a decrease in the recovery of most compounds for XAD-4 resins. A combined resin column yielded extraction efficiencies comparable to the XAD-2 column at pH 7, but since the three resins possess different extraction characteristics, a mixture comprising all three is recommended for the preconcentration of organic compounds from environmental water samples containing a wide range of compounds.     

在阴离子交换树脂催化剂上合成二丙酮醇的动力学研究

动力学研究表明,在碱性树脂催化剂上丙酮缩合制二丙酮醇是一个1-1级可逆反应,本文对此多相催化的反应机理进行了探讨。     

阴离子交换树脂担载氟离子催化合成假性甲基紫罗兰酮

用阴离子交换树脂担载氟离子催化柠檬醛与丁酮的反应,合成了假性甲基紫罗兰。探讨了催化剂用量、反应物配比、反应温度和反应时间等因素对收率的影响,在柠檬醛为100mmol,n(柠檬醛)：n(丁酮)=1：10,催化剂用量为柠檬醛质量的75％,室温反应1h的最佳反应条件下,产物收率87．1％,纯度99．1％。     

利用离子交换树脂探究浓度对化学平衡的影响

利用花青素以及重铬酸钾溶液的可逆反应,通过添加阳离子交换树脂,在不改变溶液中其他物质浓度的条件下,探究浓度对化学平衡的影响.实验仪器简单、试剂易得、现象明显且用时较短,能够作为课堂演示实验或学生实验,为课堂教学提供真实情镜与探究案例.     

大孔离子交换树脂及新型吸附树脂的结构与性能

该项研究发现了大孔交联聚苯乙烯型离子交换树脂的合成方法,研究了惰性溶剂的性质与树脂的孔结构、树脂的孔结构与树脂的性能、树脂的特性与用途等方面的关系。在此基础上,研制出高强度、抗辐射、动力学性能优越的大孔型离子交换树脂,使其不仅能更好地应用于无机离子的交换,还开拓了在有机合成、制药等领域的催化、脱色、提纯等多方面的广泛应用。在多孔性离子交换树脂的基础上,还研制出系列吸附树脂。此类提取、分离材料,可以有不同的结构和不同的吸附性能,在天然产物的提取分离、抗菌素的提取、纯化、医疗、环境保护等领域有实际用途。上述两类功能高分子材料在多家企业实现了产业化,为化工、制药、环保、医疗、分析等诸多行业提供了必要的材料,在国民经济的发展中发挥了重要作用。     

镧离子掺杂的聚苯乙烯阳离子交换树脂碳化产物的组成、结构和电化学性能

制备了La3 掺杂的聚苯乙烯阳离子交换树脂 ,对其进行碳化处理 ,分析了树脂碳化产物的组成和结构 ,并进一步考察了树脂碳化产物作为二次锂离子电池碳电极材料的电化学行为。La3 掺杂的聚苯乙烯阳离子交换树脂碳化产物与相同处理条件下的未掺杂离子的树脂碳化样品相比 ,3种非C元素H ,O ,S的含量都发生了明显的变化 ,其中H ,O含量有所提高 ,而S含量则有所降低。La3 掺杂的聚苯乙烯阳离子交换树脂在碳化过程中更易形成直径较大的层片石墨微晶结构。电化学实验测试结果进一步证明 :La3 掺杂有效地提高了树脂碳化产物作为锂离子电池碳负极材料的电化学性能。掺杂La3 的树脂碳化样品制备的锂离子电池碳电极材料与未掺杂La3 的树脂碳化样品制备的碳电极材料相比 ,充放电容量平均提高了约 30mAh·g- 1。     

反应性离子交换法合成纳米ZnO及其光催化性能

 以 ZnSO4 和 NaOH 为原料, 强碱性阴离子交换树脂为模板, 采用反应性离子交换法一步合成了高纯纳米 ZnO 晶体, 并运用扫描电子显微镜、X 射线衍射和紫外-可见光谱等技术对样品进行了表征, 初步探讨了合成机理. 结果表明, 制得的纳米 ZnO 晶体呈一维棒状, 它在树脂表面的形成过程与 ZnSO4 的初始浓度密切相关. 该 ZnO 样品对光催化降解甲基橙具有较高的活性和循环使用性能.     

Foam Separation of Stannous Ion from Aqueous Solution

Sn(II) was removed from solution using various foam separation techniques. It was found that Sn(II) could be effectively removed by adsorbing colloid flotation using either Fe(OH)₃ or Al(OH)₃ as the adsorbing colloid. Over 99% of the Sn(II) was removed from a solution initially containing 50 ppm Sn(II).     

蛇笼树脂交换量的测定

本文介绍了蛇笼树脂的结构及其离子阻滞作用机理,提出了离子阻滞交换量的概念.研究了残余阴离子交换量、残余阳离子交换量、全阴离子交换量、离子阻滞交换量和全阳离子交换量的测定及计算方法,测定了美国的Retardion 11A-8及本文合成的9种蛇笼树脂的交换量.     

ZnCl2改性离子交换树脂的制备及其催化乙醇和乙酸酯化反应性能

 采用离子交换法制备了 ZnCl2 改性的阳离子交换树脂催化剂, 考察了 ZnCl2 浓度、离子交换时间和溶剂等对催化剂催化乙酸和乙醇微波酯化反应性能的影响. 结果表明, 以去离子水为溶剂, 以 0.15%ZnCl2 溶液进行离子交换 30 h, 所得催化剂的性能较好. 采用酸碱滴定法、紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜和 N2 吸附脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 改性后的催化剂 H+交换量约为原来的 1.5 倍, 表面酸强度增加; 树脂骨架结构变化不大; 紫外吸收峰发生蓝移, 吸收强度减小; 比表面积略有减小; 催化剂在含水体系中表现出较高的催化活性, 且重复使用性能大大提高.     

阴离子交换树脂回收水相中有机磷酸萃取剂

研究了阴离子交换树脂对水相中有机磷酸萃取剂的吸附。 通过比较不同的离子交换树脂对水相中2-乙基己基膦酸-单-2-乙基己基酯(P507)的去除率,发现大孔强碱性阴离子交换树脂(D201-OH)从水溶液中去除P507的能力最强,去除率可达99.24%。 而且当溶液在pH=1.0时,D201-OH对P507的吸附主要是分子吸附,其吸附等温线更适用于Langmuir模型;当溶液在pH=5.0时,阴离子交换反应占主导地位,其吸附等温线更适用于Freundlich模型。 研究还表明,D201-OH对P507的吸附在20 min内即达到吸附平衡时99.8%的吸附量。 通过动力学研究表明,拟一级动力学模型(R²>0.99)更适用于描述实验数据,并且吸附速率主要受膜扩散控制。 此外,吸附-解吸附循环8次后,D201-OH的吸附能力仍然保持在93%以上。 综上所述,D201-OH是有机磷酸类萃取剂的良好吸附剂,其吸附性能高效,循环过程稳定,因此可用于实际生产过程中回收有机磷酸萃取剂。     

同位素稀释等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中痕量硼

建立了同位素稀释等离子体质谱法（ID—ICP—MS）测定地质样品中痕量硼的方法。采用减压排空色谱柱分离样品中的大量基体,以减少基体效应的影响,具有试剂用量少、分离速度快、效果好等特点。对两个标准物质GSD-4和GSD-8的测定结果表明,其与参考值吻合得较好,相对偏差均小于6％。3个不同样品的测定结果表明,该方法具有较好的准确度和精密度。     

Characterization and Optimization of Polymeric Bispicolamine Chelating Resin: Performance Evaluation via RSM Using Copper in Acid Liquors as a Model Substrate through Ion Exchange Method

Advanced technologies of electronics industries have led to environmental contamination concerns, especially waste print circuit boards containing a very high concentration of copper (II) ions, which can be discharged in wastewater containing many contaminated metals. A low pH is a necessity for treating industrial wastewater containing heavy metals to meet engineering process design. A novel polymeric bispicolamine chelating resin, Dowex-M4195, was applied as an alternative for investigating the behavior of copper (II) in acidic solution via an ion exchange method in a batch experiment system. Characterization of physical and chemical properties before and after ion exchange were also explored through BET, SEM-EDX, FTIR and XRD. Response surface methodology was also applied for optimization of copper (II) removal capacity using design of experiment for selective chelating resin at a low pH. The results indicate that H⁺ Dowex-M4195 chelating resin had a high-carbon content and specific surface area of >64% and 26.5060 m²/g, respectively. It was predominantly macropore porous in nature due to the N₂ gas adsorption isotherm and exhibited type IV with insignificant desorption hysteresis loop of H1-type. It was spherical and cylindrical. After the ion exchange process of copper (II)-loaded H⁺ Dowex-M4195, the specific surface area and total pore volume decreased by about 17.82% and 5.39%, respectively, as compared to H⁺ Dowex-M4195. Hysteresis loop, isotherm and pore size distribution were also similar. Regarding the functional group, the surface morphology and crystalline structures of H⁺ Dowex-M4195 showed copper (II) compound based on the structure of chelating resin that confirmed effective ion exchange behavior. The design of optimization indicated that copper (II) removal capacity of about 31.33 mg/g was achieved, which could be obtained at 6.96 h, pH of 2 (a desirable low pH), dose of 124.13 mg and concentration of 525.15 mg/L. The study indicated that the H⁺ Dowex-M4195 (which is commercially available on the market) can successfully be applied as an alternative precursor through the ion exchange method for further reuse and regeneration of the copper (II) in the electronic waste industries and other wastewater applications needed to respond the policy of biocircular green economy in Thailand.     

离子交换树脂去除模拟放射性废液中的铯

核电站放射性废液组成复杂,其中¹³⁷Cs、⁹⁰Sr和⁶⁰Co是放射性废液处理的主要目标。 本文采用稳定同位素模拟放射性废液,研究了Cs⁺离子在强酸性阳离子树脂IRN97中的交换等温线、动力学特性以及固定床穿透行为,探讨了共存的硼酸和Sr²⁺、Co²⁺等核素离子对Cs⁺离子交换行为的影响。 结果表明,废液中存在的高浓度硼酸在一定程度上会减小树脂对Cs⁺的交换量;与共存的Sr²⁺和Co²⁺离子相比,虽然Cs⁺的交换速率快,但树脂对Sr²⁺和Co²⁺的选择性更高,因此在达到交换平衡状态下,Sr²⁺和Co²⁺的交换容量大于Cs⁺;在采用固定床吸附柱进行的动态吸附中,提高Cs⁺的进水浓度可以提高树脂的利用率。     

碱熔-阳离子交换树脂分离-离子色谱法/电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地球化学调查样品中卤素

地质样品中的卤素具有中度不相容性、较强的挥发性和流体迁移能力,作为示踪元素对反演流体和挥发分相关的地球化学过程具有重要意义。由于地球化学调查样品中的卤素含量低以及具有较强挥发性,测定难度较大。F、Cl、Br、I主要采用单独或分组熔矿的方法进行制备和测定,操作难度大、消耗时间长、分析效率低。本文采用Na2O2和NaOH混合试剂碱熔后分取溶液,加入阳离子交换树脂,静态交换2～3小时,除去溶液中大量的阳离子,减少基体干扰,利用离子色谱测定F、Cl,利用电感耦合等离子质谱法测定Br、I。结果表明：该方法测定F、Cl、Br、I 的检出限分别为6.9、10.2、0.87、0.27μg/g,相对标准偏差（RSD%,n=12）在2.8～8.5之间,均小于10%。该方法具有结果准确、简单、快速、经济的特点,在地球化学调查样品分析中具有良好的应用前景。     

阳离子树脂交换分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定地质石膏样品中硼

硼石膏近些年在水泥、沥青混合材料等领域应用广泛,其主要成分为CaSO4·2H2O和B2O3以及其他杂质,因此准确、快速测定石膏样品中的硼元素对石膏的应用、资源综合利用等方面具有重要意义。而国家标准GB/T 5484-2012《石膏分析方法》中并没有硼元素的化学分析方法,且相关文献报道也很少。目前测定硼元素主要采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）,样品前处理多采用酸溶法,而碱熔法应用不多,主要原因是碱熔后溶液中产生大量盐分影响等离子体焰的稳定性,而732型阳离子交换树脂能吸附大量的钠离子,同时吸附了钙、镍、铁及稀土等阳离子,减少盐分干扰。基于此原理,本文采用氢氧化钠碱熔-732型阳离子交换树脂交换分离,在线加入铑内标的方式,建立了ICP-MS法测定石膏中硼的方法,同时由于石膏国家标准物质不包含硼元素的含量,采用高纯硫酸钙分别与岩石标准物质、水系沉积物国家标准物质和土壤国家标准物质混合配置成人工标准物质,并讨论了熔矿体系、阳离子加入量与吸附时间、清洗液、同位素的选择等实验条件。本方法的检出限为0.76μg/g,精密度（RSD,n=7）为0.9%~1.7%,相对误差为1.56%~3.96%,加标回收率在97.5%~102%,该方法快速、准确,记忆效应小,适合石膏中硼元素的测定。     

Application of Ion Exchange Techniques to Industrial Process of Metal Ions Removal From Wine

In this article, the application of selective ion exchange resins to the industrial metals removal of wine has been studied as an alternative to the "blue clarification" technique. In this sense, under the perspective of using this technology in the metals removal of sherry wines, a set of experiments at laboratory and pilot plant scale have been carried out. The study shows the behavior of several alkaline ions, metal ions and other parameters (pH, colour, protein index, etc.) during the process. Moreover, using the general theoretical model for continuous multistage processes, this study contemplates also the engineering design and the economic balance of the industrial process based on ion exchange columns. The experimental results demonstrates that ion exchange techniques are more effective and economic than "blue clarification" for metals removal of sherry wines. The proposed practice does not produce alterations in the qualities of the products; it achieves stability enough and also permits an important decrease of the contents of heavy metals.     

Exchange studies of 5-sulphosalicylic acid in amberlite IRA 401 Cl anion exchange resin

Exchange studies of 5-sulphosalicylic acid in Amberlite IRA 401 Cl anion exchange resin have been carried out at 25°C in a stirred vessel. The exchange rates have been interpreted on the basis of a simple diffusion model.