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Surface Carbonization of GaN and the Related Structure Evolution during the Annealing Process 下载免费PDF全文
To explain the stabilization mechanism of the carbon-ion-implanted GaN under the diamond growth environment,the luminescence characteristics and structure evolution correlative with sites' carbon atoms located for highfluence carbon-ion-implanted Ga N are discussed. GaN is implanted with carbon ion using fluence of 2×10~(17) cm~(-2) and energy of 45 keV. Then the implanted samples are annealed at 800℃ for 20 min and 1 h under the N_2 atmosphere. The luminescence characteristics of carbon-ion-implanted GaN are evaluated by photoluminescence spectrum at wavelength 325 nm. The lattice damage of Ga N is characterized by Raman spectrum and the corresponding vacancy-defect evolution before and after annealing is measured by slow positron annihilation. The results show that most of the carbon atoms will be located at the interstitial sites after carbon ion implantation due to the weak mobility. As the implanted samples are annealed, strong yellow luminescence is emitted and the vacancies for Ga(V_(Ga)) are reduced resulting from the migration of interstitial carbon(C_i) and formation of complexes(CGaand/or C_(Ga)-C_i) between them. As the annealing time is prolonged, the carbon ions accommodated by the vacancies are saturated, vacancy clusters with carbon atoms appear and the concentration of C_(Ga) diminishes, which will have an adverse effect on the diamond film nucleation and growth. 相似文献
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Golubkov P. E. Pecherskaya E. A. Artamonov D. V. Zinchenko T. O. Gerasimova Yu. E. Rozenberg N. V. 《Russian Physics Journal》2020,62(11):2137-2144
Russian Physics Journal - On the basis of the equivalent electrical circuit proposed by the authors, a mathematical model of the formation of protective coatings by the micro-arc oxidation method... 相似文献
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该研究主要探讨不同退化程度和人工恢复方式对草原土壤胡敏酸结构的变化特征,为退化草原恢复提供理论依据.在鄂尔多斯沙地不同退化样地与人工恢复草地,对草原土壤的腐殖酸进行了分离提取,采用元素分析、13核磁共振(NMR)等方法对荒漠草原土壤退化与恢复过程中土壤胡敏酸(HA)不同官能团的含量变化进行分析,并用因子分析法研究它们的结构特征和差异.结果表明:不同退化及恢复阶段HA碳骨架相似,但各类碳原子(官能团)的含量不同,芳香族和脂肪族结构在胡敏酸结构中发挥了重要作用.退化阶段,土壤HA的芳香碳减少,碳水化合物减少,土壤HA的氧化程度增加,疏水程度降低.恢复阶段土壤芳香碳含量增加,碳水化合物含量增加,疏水程度略有降低.土壤退化及恢复阶段,胡敏酸(HA)的结构变化最大的部分是芳香碳、取代脂肪碳结构,其次是羧基和酯基碳和未取代脂肪碳结构.植被恢复对腐殖酸结构的变化有重要的影响,本氏针茅区和本氏针茅+油蒿区的HA结构中芳香化程度和复合程度较高,氧化程度低.围栏样区内土壤胡敏酸(H A)的酸度相对较高,芳香化程度和复合程度仍然较低.因此,土壤胡敏酸结构特征的变化可以反映草原土壤的退化程度,进一步揭示草原土壤退化的机制. 相似文献
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Molecular dynamics simulation is employed to study structural evolution during compressing low density amorphous ice from one atmosphere to 2.5 GPa. The calculated results show that high density amorphous ice is formed under intermediate pressure of about 1.0GPa and O-O-O angle ranges from about 83°to 113° and O-H…O is bent from 112° to 160°The very high density amorphous ice is also formed under the pressure larger than 1.4 GPa and interstitial molecules are found in 0.3-0.4 A just beyond the nearest O-O distance. Low angle O-H… O disappears and it is believed that these hydrogen bonds are broken or re-bonded under high pressures. 相似文献
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光限幅材料在激光轰击过程中的稳定性将在很大程度上决定其实用化价值。文章采用红外(IR)光谱、拉曼(Raman)光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及孔结构分析等测试方法对纳米碳管(CNTs)复合光限幅材料在激光轰击过程中组成、结构的演变进行跟踪研究。结果表明,在强激光轰击下,复合体系中二氧化硅(SiO2)基质的组成未发生显著改变且网络结构趋于完整,具有较好的稳定性。掺杂CNTs石墨化程度提高,SiO2凝胶玻璃基质对其起一定的保护作用。轰击过程产生的热效应使得SiO2颗粒长大,由其堆积而成的孔随之增大。 相似文献
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为实现对垂直腔面发射半导体激光器氧化孔径的精确控制,提高其光电特性,对湿法氧化工艺进行了实验研究.在不同的氧化温度下,对相同结构的垂直腔面发射半导体激光器模拟片进行湿法氧化.采用X射线能谱分析仪,对氧化后模拟片的氧化层按不同的氧化深度对其氧化生成物进行检测.依据氧化生成物中氧元素组分浓度的变化,对氧化过程进行了分析与讨论,推导出在一定的温度下,氧化速率随时间变化的一般规律.提出了在垂直腔面发射半导体激光器的湿法氧化工艺过程中,适当降低氧化温度,延长氧化时间,可减小氧化限制孔径的控制误差,提高氧化工艺的准确性与稳定性. 相似文献
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Rongshuo Wang Fanhao Tang Hao Jiang Dongxu He 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2021,38(11):2100189
Reducing energy consumption and improving energy utilization efficiency has become the focus of research in the 21st century. Electrocatalytic water splitting is one of the promising strategies for producing hydrogen energy. In this study, the non-noble nickel-iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) catalyst is deposited on the electrochemically intercalated graphite/graphene (G/GE) substrate and directly used as the self-supported and binder-free electrode for electrocatalytic water oxidation. The Ni2Fe1-LDH@G/GE catalyst shows a low overpotential of 194 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm–2, which is better than the noble metal catalyst IrO2 (314 mV) and RuO2 (330 mV) and many other related works. This research provides a facile way to directly prepare the catalyst electrode with high performance and low cost. 相似文献
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基于FTIR分析猪场废水有机物分解过程中组成结构变化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
猪场废水排放的环境污染问题日益受到重视,研究废水中有机物的组成结构变化将可为制订合理的污染防治措施提供科学依据。本研究通过设置不同规模化猪场废水的室内培养试验,在培养过程中定期采样,采用抽滤、冷冻干燥等方法获得可溶性有机物(DOM)固体样品;运用FTIR光谱仪采集样品的红外谱图,研究废水中DOM组成结构在有机分解过程中的变化。结果表明,不同猪场来源的废水中DOM具有类似的组成结构,且主要由蛋白质、脂质类、腐殖酸、多糖类和酚类等有机物组成。随着培养天数的增加,与脂质类、蛋白质和酚类等相关的官能团含量逐渐降低并趋于稳定,而与腐殖酸和多糖类相关的官能团显著增加直至平稳。与初始样品相比,培养20天后样品中DOM组成结构以腐殖酸和多糖类为主,表明DOM的腐殖化程度有所提高。此外,与纤维素分子内氢键缔合的羟基(OH)相比,纤维素分子间氢键缔合的羟基降解速率相对更快,而以前者对微生物的降解更为敏感。废水中DOM以酚羟基C—O的降解速率更快,随后是芳香族COOH、糖类C—O和酰胺羰基CO,而糖类C—O倾向于优先被微生物所利用。综上所述,废水中不同的DOM组成结构在有机降解过程中的变化存在一定差异。 相似文献
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对石墨氧化物经过加热处理和化学处理后担载金溶胶从而制备得到不同的Au/GO催化剂.利用X-射线光电子能谱,热脱附谱和拉曼光谱对催化剂的表面物种和结构进行了表征.结果表明,热处理和化学处理对Au/GO催化剂表面含氧物种的浓度、种类以及载体的晶体结构具有显著影响,进而导致催化剂在以O2为氧源的液相苯甲醇选择氧化反应中的催化活性呈现明显差异.与载体表面含氧物种的浓度和种类这一因素相比,载体结构的有序程度对于Au/GO催化剂的催化活性起到更为重要的决定作用. 相似文献
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We introduce a simple model based on the Moran process with network dynamics. Using pair approximation, the cooperation frequencies at equilibrium states are deduced for general interactions. Three usual social dilemmas are discussed in the framework of our model. It is found that they all have a phase transition at the same value of cost-to-benefit ratio. For the prisoner's dilemma game, notably it is exactly the simple rule reported in the literature [Nature 441 (2006) 502]. In our model, the simple rule results from the parent-offspring link. Thus the basic mechanism for cooperation enhancement in network reciprocity is in line with the Hamilton rule of kin selection. Our simulations verify the analysis obtained from pair approximation. 相似文献
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Hyperfine Interactions - A solution of Fe(NO3)3 with a pH 9 was processed with a hydrothermal method in an autoclave. During the heating process samples were extracted at 140°C, 160°C,... 相似文献
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Hui-Juan Huang Quan-Bing Wang Bang-Hu Xie Wei Yang Ming-Bo Yang 《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2013,52(7):1376-1387
High-temperature bulk thermolysis of high density polyethylene was performed to obtain degraded polyethylene, which was then left in an oxygen atmosphere for oxidation reaction at 160°C at different oxidation times, yielding a series of polyethylene degradation–oxidation products. Using infrared spectroscopy, chemical titration, gel chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry, the structural changes of the polyethylene degradation–oxidation products were investigated. Hydroxyl, carboxyl, ester, and other functional groups were introduced into the molecular chains of oxidation products, and the number of carboxyl groups sharply increased with increasing oxidation time. The breaking of molecular chains as well as combination reactions, such as esterfication, during the oxidation process lead to decrease of number-average molecular weight () and increase of both weight-average molecular weight () and molecular weight distribution, and an initial increase and leveling off of the carboxyl number per molecular chain. It is noteworthy that oxidation occurred primarily near weak bonds, mainly terminal vinyl unsaturations. Thus, compared with degraded polyethylene, the oxidation products showed little changes in the melting and crystallization behaviors; even when the oxidation time was up to 4 hr, the drop in the melting and crystallization temperature was less than 3°C. These results might lay a foundation for exploring tailored low molecular weight polymers to be used just as they are or after chemical modifications of olefinic functions. 相似文献
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The present paper deals with a detailed study of the dynamics of the polar cap boundaries. The study involves the data from
two satellites of the APEX project, and the data from three DMSP satellites. The APEX (Active Plasma Experiment) satellites
moving along the polar orbit provide charged particle measurements in a small spatial scale (due to variable distance between
both spacecrafts), up to 2 000 km. The large scale changes are studied by the comparison of the APEX and the DMSP (Defense
Meteorological Satellite Program) data. Different regions are identified using the characteristics of the precipitating particles
in the energy range 0.1–20 keV which have been registered onboard all satellites. This satellite configuration allows us to
determine the evolution of the small structures as well as the motion of the whole precipitating region. The main attention
is concentrated on the rising phase of the substorms when the width of the auroral oval decreases with the increasing geomagnetic
activity and the velocity of the auroral oval motion can reach 0.2° per minute. The observed phenomena are compared with the
changes of the interplanetary magnetic field and the solar wind parameters as provided by the IMP-8 spacecraft. 相似文献
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建立在常温、常压条件下准确定量测定溶解乙炔含量的紫外-可见分光光度法,并对乙炔在丙酮、三乙二醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜中的溶解特性进行系统考察;采用循环伏安法研究助溶剂丙酮、三乙二醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜对乙炔电化学氧化过程的影响以及绿色溶剂TEG对该过程影响的作用机制。实验结果表明在常温、常压条件下,溶解乙炔的含量可采用紫外-可见分光光度法通过紫红色的乙炔铜进行准确测定,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解乙炔的能力最强;在乙炔电化学氧化过程中,水分子和三乙二醇之间强烈的氢键作用是提高乙炔在Na2SO4溶液中溶解度的决定性因素;在含体积分数为9%TEG的0.5 mol·L-1 Na2SO4溶液中,乙炔电化学氧化过程的表观活化能为13.20 kJ·mol-1,属于受吸附控制的不可逆过程。该研究以期寻找一种乙炔的良好溶剂,为乙炔电化学氧化过程的研究、乙炔传感器(尤其是乙炔的电化学传感器)、绿色化学以及乙炔化工等的发展提供理论依据和实验指导。 相似文献
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Uskova N. I. Charnaya E. V. Podorozhkin D. Yu. Baryshnikov S. V. Egorova I. V. Milinskiy A. Yu. 《Physics of the Solid State》2020,62(7):1195-1198
Physics of the Solid State - Room-temperature changes in the structure of a new diisopropylammonium chloride (C6H16ClN, DIPAC) molecular ferroelectric have been investigated by high-resolution... 相似文献