钐(II)类卡宾CH3SmCH2I与乙烯环丙烷化反应及溶剂化效应的理论研究

用密度泛函B3LYP方法研究了过渡金属钐类卡宾与乙烯的环丙烷化反应的机理. 对钐类卡宾试剂CH₃SmCH₂I和CH₂CH₂反应的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物构型的全部结构几何参数进行了优化, 并计算了THF溶液的溶剂化效应, 用内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算和频率分析方法, 对过渡态进行了验证. 结果表明: CH₃SmCH₂I与CH₂CH₂环丙烷化反应按亚甲基转移机理(通道A)和卡宾金属化机理(通道B)都可以进行, 与锂类卡宾的反应机理相同, 通道A比通道B反应的势垒降低了14.65 kJ/mol. 溶剂化效应使通道B比通道A的反应势垒大幅度提高, 更有利于反应沿通道A进行, 而不利于通道B.     

钐(II)类卡宾CH_3SmCH_2I与乙烯环丙烷化反应及溶剂化效应(THF)对反应途径影响的理论研究

用密度泛函B3LYP方法研究了过渡金属钐类卡宾与乙烯的环丙烷化反应的机理.对钐类卡宾试剂CH3SmCH2I和CH2CH2反应的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物构型的全部结构几何参数进行了优化,并计算了THF溶液的溶剂化效应,用内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算和频率分析方法,对过渡态进行了验证.结果表明:CH3SmCH2I与CH2CH2环丙烷化反应按亚甲基转移机理(通道A)和卡宾金属化机理(通道B)都可以进行,与锂类卡宾的反应机理相同,通道A比通道B反应的势垒降低了14.65kJ/mol.溶剂化效应使通道B比通道A的反应势垒大幅度提高,更有利于反应沿通道A进行,而不利于通道B.     

钐(Ⅱ)类卡宾CH3SmCH2X(X=Cl、Br和I)促进乙烯环丙烷化反应途径的理论研究

In order to have efficient and highly stereoselective cyclopropanating reagents, the cyclopropanation reaction of ethylene promoted with Samarium(Ⅱ) carbenoid Simmons-Smith(SS)reagent were studied by means of B3LYP hybrid density functional method. The geometries for reactants, transition states and products are completely optimized. All transition states were verified by the vibrational analysis and the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculations. The results showed that, identical with the lithium carbenoid,CH3SmCH2X(X=Cl, Br and I) can fairly react with ethylene via both methylene transfer pathway (pathway A) and carbometalation pathway (pathway B). And the cyclopropanation reaction via methylene transfer pathway proceeds with a lower barrier and at lower temperatures.     

不对称环丙烷化反应

利用手性类卡宾分子对烯烃的加成,可合成非对称取代的环丙烷环。其不对称诱导一般受立体和电子因素控制。本文主要综述 Simmons-Smith 反应,重氮化合物,异丙叉三苯基膦,以及一些金属有机化合物的催化热解反应在不对称环丙烷环合成中的应用,并以潜在杀虫剂环丙烷甲酸化合物的合成为例进行了讨论。     

四甲基乙烯环丙烷化反应的催化研究

烯烃和重氮乙酸酯(RDA)在光照、加热或催化剂作用下反应生成的环丙烷羧酸酯是合成拟除虫菊酯的重要中间体。铜、铑等金属的化合物作为催化剂在这类反应中得到了广泛应用。对RDA和四甲基乙烯TME的环丙烷化反应,曾以CuSO_4、Cu(acac)_2、     

钠氟类硅烯插入RH键(R=F,OH,NH2,CH3)反应的理论研究

用密度泛函方法研究了钠氟类硅烯插入R_H键(R=F,OH,NH2,CH3)的反应机理.4个反应的机制类似,反应经历了类硅烯的亲电接近、亲核插入和取代三个阶段之后,形成中间络合物,4个反应的势垒分别为0.9,61.7,114.6和190.6kJ/mol(经零点能校正).中间络合物可以解离为取代硅烷和NaF,这是一个无过渡态的过程.反应能分别是-122.6,-96.3,-6.8和50.2kJ/mol.     

(μ3-S)Fe2CoCu(PPh3)2(CO)8催化苯乙烯环丙烷化反应研究

以异核金属原子簇合物为催化剂的配位催化反应, 已在均相催化反应中得到应用. 簇合物中不同金属间的协同作用使其在催化领域展现出广阔的应用前景[1]. 然而,催化反应中簇合物是否以完整的骨架起催化作用,一直是人们关注的焦点. 在金属原子簇作催化剂前体的均相催化反应中,迄今只在少数的例子中有确凿的证据表明原子簇整体分子起催化作用[2]. 一般认为,在配位饱和的金属簇合物的催化反应中,簇合物稳定性越好,催化活性越差;而活性好的催化剂前体,簇合物骨架常解体.     

炔丙型硫Ylide环丙烷化反应及其立体选择性

炔丙型硫Ylide与丙烯酸酯的反应是一个多反应竞争的复杂反应, 通常环丙烷化产物收率很低. 本文通过对反应底物的优化, 成功获得了高收率、高选择性的反式环丙烷化产物. 同时利用Gaussian 03程序, 选择密度泛函BHHLYP方法, 6-31G**基组对反应路径及过渡态模型进行了计算, 进而采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法, 选择6-31G**基组, 对顺、反式产物的热稳定性进行了分析, 明确了该反应的高非对映选择性是由过渡态的能量差异和产物的热稳定性两个因素共同决定的, 而过渡态的能量差异可以归于分子内弱的立体电子效应的不同.     

卡宾与醚C——H键插入反应的理论研究(Ⅳ)——CX2(X=H,F,Cl)与甲基苄基醚C-H键的插入反应

The C--Hbond insertion reactions between benzyl methyl ether and CX₂(X=H, F, Cl) have been studied by using density functional theory at B₃LYP/631G^*level.The potential barriers for the C--Hbond insertions in methyl group of benzyl methyl ether are123.3 kJ/mol(X=Cl) and240.4 kJ/mol(X=F), and those in benzyl group are37.5 kJ/mol(X=Cl) and112.2 kJ/mol(X=F) respectively.No potential barriers are present in both the insertion reactions with methylene groupThe C--Hbond insertion reactions between benzyl methyl ether and CX₂(X=H,F,Cl) take place primarily at α carbon of the benzyl group and the phenyl group promotes the C-Hbond insertion by carbene at its neighboring α-carbon more easily     

亚烷基卡宾及取代亚烷基卡宾与环硫乙烷反应的量子化学研究

用量子化学的密度泛函理论(DFT)在6-311G(d, p)水平上对亚烷基卡宾及取代亚烷基卡宾与环硫乙烷的硫转移反应机理进行了系统的研究. 用IRC对过渡态进行了确认. 并用组态混合模型讨论了反应势垒(ΔE^≠)与XYC＝C的单-三态能量差ΔE_ST之间的关系. 结果表明, 取代基的电负性是控制反应的主要因素, 取代基的电负性越大, 取代基越多, π电子给予体越多, 单-三态能量差ΔE_ST就越小, 该反应的活化能就越小, 反应越容易发生. 同时还讨论了该反应中环硫乙烷的C—S键的解离过程. 并与标题化合物和环氧乙烷的氧转移反应进行了比较.     

二氯亚甲基锗烯与乙烯环加成反应机理的理论研究

The mechanism of a cycloaddition reaction between singlet dichloromethylene germylene and ethylene has been investigated with B3LYP/6-31G＊ method, including geometry optimization and vibrational analysis for the involved stationary points on the potential energy surface. Energies for the involved conformations were calculated by CCSD（T）//B3LYP/6-31G＊ method. On the basis of the surface energy profile obtained with CCSD（T）// B3LYP/6-31G＊ method for the cycloaddition reaction between singlet dichloromethylene germylene and ethylene, it can be predicted that the dominant reaction pathway is that an intermediate INT1 is firstly formed between the two reactants through a barrier-free exothermic reaction of 61.7 kJ/mol, and the intermediate INT1 then isomerizes to an active four-membered ring product P2.1 via a transition state TS2, an intermediate INT2 and a transition state TS2.1, in which energy barriers are 57.7 and 42.2 kJ/mol, respectively.     

亚甲基硅烯与乙烯环加成反应机理的理论研究

The mechanism of a cycloaddition reaction between singlet methylidenesilene and ethylene has been investigated with MP2/6-31G^＊ and B3LYP/6-31G^＊ methods, including geometry optimization and vibrational analysis for the involved stationary points on the potential energy surface. Energies of the involved conformers were calculated by CCSD（T）//MP2/6-31G＊ and CCSD（T）//B3LYP/6-31 G＊ methods, respectively. The results show that the dominant reaction pathway of the cycloaddition reaction is that a complex intermediate is firstly formed between the two reactants through a barrier-free exothermic reaction of 13.3 kJ/mol, and the complex is then isomefized to a four-membered ring product P2,1 via a transition state TS2.1 with a barrier of 32.0 kJ/mol.     

Ru(II)催化有机叠氮与炔反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论, 对在Ru(II)催化剂存在下, 有机叠氮化合物和末端炔的反应机理作了深入理论研究. 在B3LYP/LANL2DZ水平上, 对该反应体系中势能面各驻点的几何构型进行了全优化计算, 并经振动频率分析确定了过渡态和中间体, 通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)的计算, 确认了反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的相关性. 对多个反应通道的协同反应以及分步反应进行了研究. 结果表明: 协同反应通道Ic和分步反应通道IIc是反应能垒较低的反应通道, 活化自由能较其它反应通道低, 有利于1,5-二取代1,2,3-三唑的生成, 具有特定的区域选择性, 与实验结果吻合.     

HNO与O自由基反应的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)和从头算方法，对HNO与O自由基反应进行了研究。在(U)B3LYP/6-311G^**和(U)B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ水平下优化了反应通道上各驻点(反应物、中间体、过渡态及产物)的几何构型。在(U)QCISD/aug-cc-pVTZ水平下计算了各物种的单点能，并对总能量进行了零点能校正。研究结果表明，HNO与O自由基反应过程中存在O → N、O → O和O → H进攻的竞争机制，且存在着多条反应通道。采用过渡态理论计算了600～2 000 K温度范围内3条慢反应通道的速率常数。求得lnk和1/T之间的线性关系。3种通道的阿累尼乌斯指前因子分别为1.469 × 10¹⁰、1.22 × 10¹⁰(1.06 × 10¹⁰)和2.26 × 10¹³。     

Samarium(II) Iodide Promoted Tandem Reductive Fragmentation and Aldol Reaction

Summary.  We report a new reductive fragmentation/aldol tandem reaction in a 1,4-diketone induced by samarium(II) iodide. Due to the particular stereoelectronic situation in the molecule, an alternative pathway was avoided despite the fact that it would have greatly reduced the strain in the tricyclic molecule. Received February 23, 2001. Accepted March 7, 2001     

Theoretical Study on the Dehydrogenation Reaction of H2S by VS+ (3∑-)

The dehydrogenation reaction of H2S by the 3∑- ground state of VS+: VS+ + H2S → VS2+ + H2 has been studied by using Density Functional Theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/DZVP level. It is found that the reaction proceeds along two possible pathways (A and B) yielding two isomer dehydrogenation products VS2+-1 (3B2) and VS2+-2 (3A1), respectively. For both pathways,the reaction has a two-step-reaction mechanism that involves the migration of two hydrogen atoms from S2 to V+, respectively. The migration of the second hydrogen via TS3 and that of the first via TS4 are the rate-determining steps for pathways A and B, respectively. The activation energy is 17.4 kcal/mol for pathway A and 22.8 kcal/mol for pathway B relative to the reactants. The calculated reaction heat of 9.9 kcal/mol indicates the endothermicity of pathway A and that of -11.9 kcal/mol suggests the exothermicity of pathway B.     

Theoretical Study of the AICI Disproportionation Reaction Mechanism on the Al(100) Surface

The surface disproportionation reaction mechanism of aluminum subchloride on the aluminum (100) surfaces has been investigated by the plane-wave density functional theory (DFT).Three kinds of possible reaction mechanism of AlCl disproportionation reaction on the aluminum (100)surfaces have been taken into account. The structures of reactants and products have been optimized, transition states have been confirmed and activation energies have been calculated. The adsorption energy of reactants and desorption energy of products have been determined. All of these have been employed to confirm the reaction mechanism and the rate determining step of AlCl disproportionation reaction on the aluminum (100) surfaces.     

CH3SOx (x＝0, 1)与三线态Oy (y＝1, 2, 3)反应机理的理论研究

采用B3LYP方法和6-311G(d, p)基组对CH₃S及其氧化后继物CH₃SO与O_y (y＝1, 2, 3)反应形成酸雨的微观机理进行了理论研究. 对反应势能面上的各驻点进行几何构型全优化. 振动分析和IRC计算证实了中间体和过渡态的真实性和相互连接关系. 找到了7条生成SO₂的反应途径, 其中CH₃S与O直接反应得到产物CH₃和SO最容易进行; CH₃S先与O₃反应, 其产物再与O₃反应得到CH₃SO₂, CH₃SO₂最后分解得到CH₃S和SO₂较容易进行, 其它的反应较难进行.     

Theoretical Study of the AlCl Disproportionation Reaction Mechanism on the Al(100) Surface

The surface disproportionation reaction mechanism of aluminum subchloride on the aluminum (100) surfaces has been investigated by the plane-wave density functional theory (DFT).Three kinds of possible reaction mechanism of AlCl disproportionation reaction on the aluminum (100) surfaces have been taken into account.The structures of reactants and products have been optimized,transition states have been confirmed and activation energies have been calculated.The adsorption energy of reactants and desorption energy of products have been determined.All of these have been employed to confirm the reaction mechanism and the rate determining step of AlCl disproportionation reaction on the aluminum (100) surfaces.