Studies on Equation-of-State Parameters and Linear Polymer Dimensions of Poly(p-chlorostyrene) in Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether by Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements

Intrinsic viscosities, [η], of poly(p-chlorostyrene) (PPCS) in diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (DGMBE) which exhibits an exothermic solubility behavior with the polymer were measured using an Ubbelohde type capillary viscometer between 25 and 85°C. Polymer solvent interaction parameters at infinite dilution (χ₁), exchange energy parameter ([`(X)]₁₂)(\bar{X}_{12}) , exchange enthalpy (X₁₂), and entropy parameters (Q₁₂), of the PPCS/DGMBE pair were found at studied temperature range according to equation-of-state theory. In the blob theory, dependence of [η] on temperature can be scaled by a master curve in a plot of α_η³|τ|M^1/2 versus |τ|M^1/2 as the polymer coil contracts below the Θ-point, however, it can be scaled by a master curve in a plot of α_η⁻⁵|τ|M^1/2 versus |τ|M^1/2 as the polymer coil expands above the Θ-point in an endothermic solubility behavior. Since the studied PPCS/DGMBE system represents exothermic solubility behavior, the master curves of the system were plotted in α_η³|τ|M^1/2 versus |τ|M^1/2 as the polymer coil contracts above the Θ-point and in α_η⁻⁵|τ|M^1/2 versus |τ|M^1/2 as the polymer coil expands below the Θ-point. The universal plots of α_η(N/N_c)^1/6 versus N/N_c and α_η(N/N_c)^−1/10 versus N/N_c were plotted above and below Θ-point, respectively.     

Synthesis and structures of nickel(II) trimethylacetate dimers with coordinated diamines

Thermal decomposition of the tetranuclear nickel(II) complex Ni₄lη²-o-(NH₂)(NHPh)C₆H₄|₂(MeCN)₂(μ-OOCCMe₃)₄(η²-OOCCMe₃)₂ (I) under an inert atmosphere (o-xylene, 140 °C) was investigated. Under these conditions, the asymmetric binuclear complex Ni|η²-o-(NH₂)(NHPh)C₆H₄‖(η¹-o-(NH₂))(NHPh)C₆H₄|(η²,η-O,O-OOCCMe₃)(η²-OOCCMe₃) (2) was formed at the first stage. Complex2 was converted into the symmetric dimer Ni|η¹-o-(NH₂)(NHPh)C₆H₄|(μ-OOCCMe₃)₄ (3) upon recrystallization from benzene. The structures of complexes2 and3 were established by X-ray diffraction analysis. Published inIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 1915–1918, November, 2000.     

Thermodynamic properties of molybdenum-transition metal-hydrogen (nitrogen) solid solutions

Using the experimental values ΔH _H^exc and ΔS _H^exc (ΔH _N^exc and ΔS _N^exc) for solid solutions of hydrogen and nitrogen in molybdenum, we calculate the parameters ɛ_H^Mand ɛ_N^M of interaction between hydrogen (nitrogen) and molybdenum lattice doped with small additives of transition metals M; the values of the activity coefficients on hydrogen and nitrogen γ_H^M and γ_N^M, ΔH _H, ΔH _N, ΔS _H, ΔS _N; enthalpy (η_H^M and η_N^M) and entropy (σ_H^M and σ_N^M) parameters of interaction over the 1100–1300 K range for alloys of Mo_{1 − y} M _y H _x and Mo_{1 − y} M _y N _x types (y = 0.01 and 0.02; x = 0.01 and 0.02).     

Pseudo[3]rotaxane Type Compelxation between α- and β-Cyc1odextrins and N,N′-Dsiheptyl-4,4′-bipyridinium

Pseudo[3]rotaxane type complexation of α- and β-cyclodextrins (α- and β-CDs, respectively) with N,N′-Diheptyl-4,4′-bipyridinium (diheptyl viologen; HV²⁺) was investigated. A spectral displacement method using p-nitrophenol as a dye revealed that α-CD and HV²⁺ formed a 2:1 host-guest complex with stability constants being 3280 and 976 M⁻¹ as the first and second steps of complexation, respectively. ¹H-NMR spectra strongly indicated that α-CD accommodated the heptyl groups of HV²⁺. Although previous studies based on circular dichroism spectroscopy suggested the primary hydroxy side of α-CD faced to the positively charged bipyridinium moiety od HV²⁺, 2D-NMR studies clearly demonstrated that the secondary hydroxy side of α-CD faced to the bipyridinium moiety. β-CD also formed a 2:1 complex with HV²⁺ with a similar fashion.     

Geometric interpretation of density displacements and charge sensitivities

The “geometric” interpretation of the electronic density displacements in the Hilbert space is given and the associated projection-operator partitioning of the hardness and softness operators (kernels) is developed. The eigenvectors |?〉= |α〉 of the hardness operator define the complete (identity) projector P =Σ_α| α〉〈α | = 1 for general density displacements, including thecharge-transfer (CT) component, while the eigenvectors |i〉= |i〉 of the linear response operator determine thepolarizational P-projector, P_p = Σ_i |i〉〈i| . Their difference thus defines the complementary CT-projector: P_CT = 1-P_P. The complete vector space for density displacements can be also spanned by supplementing the P-modes with the homogeneous CT-mode. These subspaces separate the integral (normalization) and local aspects of density shifts in molecular systems.     

Polymerization of 1-octene and determination of markhouwink constants of poly(1-octene)

The polymerization of 1-octene initiated by methylalumoxane（MAO）-activated Ni（Ⅱ）-based-α-diimine complexes[（2,6-i-Pr）₂C₆H₃-DAB（An）]NiBr₂ was investigated.Using this catalyst,poly（1-octene）s with molecular weight between 100×10³ and 400×10³ and polydispersity（M_w/M_n） between 1.3 and 1.5 were synthesized successfully by varying reaction time at room temperature.The poly（1-octene）s were amorphous polymers and could be well soluble in tetrahydrofuran（THF）.After fractional precipitation,poly（1-octene）s with narrow molecular weight distributions（M_w/M_n≤1.12） were obtained.Their weight-average molecular weights were measured by gel permeation chromatography（GPC） in conjunction with online model BI-MwA multiangle laser light scattering（MALLS）,and their intrinsic viscosities were measured by Maron’s single-point method.The k and a values in Mark-Houwink equation[η]= KM^αin THF at 40℃were 0.089 mL/g and 0.61 respectively.     

Effects of temperature and molecular weight on dissolution of cellulose in NaOH/urea aqueous solution

Dissolution of cellulose having different viscosity-average molecular weight (M _η ) in 7 wt%NaOH/12 wt%urea aqueous solution at temperature from 60 to −12.6°C was investigated with optical microscope, viscosity measurements and wide X-ray diffraction (WXRD). The solubility (S_a) of cellulose in NaOH/urea aqueous solution strongly depended on the temperature, and molecular weight. Their S_a values increased with a decrease in temperature, and cellulose having M _η below 10.0 × 10⁴ could be dissolved completely in NaOH/urea aqueous solution pre-cooled to −12.6°C. The activation energy of dissolution (E_a,s) of the cellulose dissolution was a negative value, suggesting that the cellulose solution state had lower enthalpy than the solid cellulose. The cellulose concentration in this system increased with a decrease of M _η to achieve about 8 wt% for M _η of 3.1 × 10⁴. Moreover, cellulose having 12.7 × 10⁴ could be dissolved completely in the solvent pre-cooled to −12.6°C as its crystallinity (χ _c) decreased from 0.62 to 0.53. We could improve the solubility of cellulose in NaOH/urea aqueous system by changing M _η , χ _c and temperature. In addition, the zero-shear viscosity (η ₀ ) at 0°C for the 4 wt% cellulose solution increased rapidly with an increase of M _η , as a result of the enhancement of the aggregation and entanglement for the relatively long chains.     

Density functional theory analysis of some triple-decker sandwich complexes of iron containing cyclo-P5 and cyclo-As5 ligands

Structure and bonding in triple-decker cationic complexes [(η⁵-Cp)Fe(μ,η:η⁵-E₅) Fe(η⁵-Cp)]⁺ (1: E = CH, 2: E = P, 3: E = As) and [(η⁵-Cp)Fe(μ,η:η⁵-Cp)Fe(η⁵-E₅)]⁺ (E = P, As) are examined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+G* level. These species exhibit the lowest energy when all the three ligands are eclipsed. In the complexes with bifacially coordinated cyclo-E₅, the perfectly eclipsed D_5h sandwich structure a is found to be a potential minimum. The energy difference between the fully eclipsed and the staggered conformations b and c are within 1.0, 2.1, and 6.3 kcal/mol, respectively, for E = CH, P, and As. The isomeric species with monofacially coordinated cyclo-E₅ (E =P, As), [(η⁵ -Cp)Fe(μ,η :η⁵-Cp)Fe(η⁵-E₅)]⁺ are predicted to be about 30 and 60 kcal/mol higher in energy , respectively, for E = P and As. The calculations predict that the bifacially coordinated cyclo-E₅ (E =P, As) undergoes significant ring expansion leading to ``loosening of bonds' as observed experimentally. The consequent loss of aromaticity in the central cyclo-E₅ indicates that significant π-electron density from the ring can be directed towards bonding with the iron centers on both sides. The diffuse nature of the π-orbitals of cyclo-P₅ and cyclo-As₅ can lead to better overlap with the iron d-orbitals and result in stronger bonding. This is reflected in the bond order values of 0.377 and 0.372 for the Fe-P and Fe-As bonds in 2a and 3a, respectively. The natural population analysis reveals that the Fe atom that is coordinated to a cyclo-E₅ (E = P, As) possesses a negative charge of −0.23 to −0.38 units due to transfer of electron density from the inorganic ring to the metal center.     

Syntheses, characterization, and structure determination of nine-coordinate Na[YIII(edta)(H2O)3]· 5H2O and eight-coordinate Na[YIII(cydta)(H2O)2]·5H2O complexes

Syntheses and structure determination of the Y^III complexes with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (H₄edta) and trans-1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (H₄cydta) are reported. The crystal and molecular structures of the complexes, as well as their molecular formulas and compositions, were determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analyses, NMR, IR, thermogravimetric measurements, and elementary analyses. The crystal of the Na[Y^III(edta)(H₂O)₃]·5H₂O complex belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system and space group Fdd2. The crystal data are as follows: a = 19.355(5) Å, b = 35.431(11) Å, c = 12.122(3) Å, V = 8313(4) ų, Z = 16, M = 544.23, D_c = 1.739 g·cm⁻³, μ = 2.908 mm⁻¹ and F(000) = 4480. The final R and Rw are 0.0483 and 0.1172 for 3284 (I > 2σ(I)) unique reflections, R and Rw are 0.0678 and 0.1440 for all 8499 reflections, respectively. The Y^IIIN₂O₇ part in the [Y^III(edta)(H₂O)₃]⁻ complex anion has a pseudo-monocapped square antiprismatic nine-coordinate structure, in which the six coordinated atoms (two N and four O) from the edta ligand and three water molecules are coordinated to the central Y^III ion directly. The crystal of the Na[Y^III(cydta)(H₂O)₂]·5H₂O complex belongs to the triclinic crystal system and space group. The crystal data are as follows: a = 8.405(2) Å, b = 9.970(2) Å, c = 14.763(4) Å, α = 88.538(4)°, β = 76.193(4)°, γ = 88.100(4)°, V = 1200.6(5) Å ³, Z = 2, M = 580.31, D_c = 1.605 g·cm⁻³, μ = 2.519 mm⁻¹ and F(000) = 600. The final R and Rw are 0.0381 and 0.0911 for 4198 (I > 2σ(I)) unique reflections, R and Rw are 0.0530 and 0.1041 for all 6186 reflections, respectively. The Y^IIIN₂O₆ part in the [Y^III(cydta)(H₂O)₂]⁻ complex anion has a pseudo square antiprismatic eight-coordinate structure in which the six coordinated atoms (two N and four O) from the cydta ligand and two water molecules are coordinated to the central YIII ion directly. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by J. Wang, Y. Wang, Zh. H. Zhang, X. D. Zhang, J. Tong, X. Zh. Liu, X. Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, and Zh. J. Pan __________ Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 928–938, September–October, 2005.     

Degradation on freezing dilute polystyrene solutions in p-xylene

Chain scission was observed during the crystallization of p-xylene in dilute polystyrene solutions. Degradation yields were determined by gel permeation chromatography, as a function of the number of freeze-and-thaw cycles, polymer concentration, and initial polymer molecular weight (M). The rate constant for chain scission K_c increases with the polymer chain length, from 0.021%/cycle at M = 110·10³ to 4.7%/cycle at M = 8.5·10⁶. Over the two decades range of investigated molecular weights, K_c follows an empirical scaling law of the form K_c ～ (M ? M_lim)^1.17578, where M_lim is a limiting molecular weight ? 29,000 g. mol^?1 below which no degradation could be induced. Some propensity for midchain scission was detected, although this tendency was much weaker in comparison to flow-induced degradation. A chain scission model based on crack propagation failed to reproduce the experimental results. To explain the observed dependence of K_c with the square of the radius of gyration, an interfacial stress transmission mechanism between the crystallization fronts and the polymer coil has been proposed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Electron Excited L X-Ray Spectra of the Elements 24 ≤ Z ≤ 33

A reinvestigation was undertaken in order to obtain reliable data of the relative intensities of the L spectra for the elements 24 ≤ Z ≤ 33. A TAP crystal with a periodicity of 25.757 ? was used as the dispersing element. With this crystal one is able to resolve the lines/bands Ll = L₃M₁, Lη = L₂M₁, Lα_1,2 = L₃M_4,5, Lβ₁ = L₂M₄, and Lβ_3,4 = L₁M_2,3. Among the investigated elements ³³As is the only one for which the energy of the lines Lα_1,2 and Lβ₁ is below the L₃ absorption edge. For all the other elements the lines Ll, Lη, and Lα_1,2 are below the L₃ edge, whereas Lβ₁ and Lβ_3,4 are above this edge. This difference leads to effects of differential absorption, where the absorption is stronger for decreasing line energy. For the net peak height ratio β₁/α we obtained results which are of the same order of magnitude as those given by White and Johnson (W&J) in their popular tables. But for l/α and β_3,4/β₁ our results show an atomic number dependence which is completely different from those given by W&J.     

Phenomenological theory of the kinetics of ultrasonic emulsification

Summary A working model is given for the rate of ultrasonic emulsification, considering the dispersion at the interface (areaA) and the coagulations in the volumeV of the emulsion. A bimolecular coagulation leads to the equationc=c _∞tanhbt;c _∞=(Aα/Vβ)^1/2;b=(Aαβ/V)^1/2 while a monomolecular coagulation givesc=c _∞{1−exp (−at)};c _∞=Aα/Vβ;a=β. The experiments on the dependence of c_∞,a andb uponA andV favour the bimolecular coagulation. The results are satisfactorily explained on general theoretical grounds.

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Zusammenfassung Ein Arbeitsmodell für die Geschwindigkeit der Ultraschallemulgierung wird entwickelt, das Dispersion in der Grenzfl?che (Fl?cheA) und Koagulation im Volumen (V) der Emulsion annimmt. Eine bimolekulare Koagulation führt zu der Gleichung:c=c _∞ tanhbt;c _∞=(Aα/Vβ)^1/2;b=(Aαβ/V)^1/2, eine monomolekulare dagegen zu:c=c _∞{1−exp (at−)};c _∞=Aα/Vβ;α=β. Die Versuche über die Abh?ngigkeit vonc _∞,a undb vonA undV scheinen für bimolekulare Koagulation zu sprechen. Die Ergebnisse werden auf der Basis dieser einfachen theoretischen Grundlagen befriedigend erkl?rt.

     

Elongational flow studies on flexible polymer chains in a pseudo-solvent

The dynamics of isolated high molecular weight (M_H) polymer chains dissolved in a nonentangled semidilute solution of a low molecular weight (M_L) polymer were investigated by monitoring the elongational flow birefringence. Because of its nonentangled nature, a low molecular weight matrix polymer solution is regarded as a pure solvent (a binary pseudo-solvent). A ternary solution consisting of a small amount of a high molecular weight probe polymer and the binary pseudo-solvent is effectively a dilute solution of the probe polymer. It was observed that the birefringence from the orientation and/or stretching of the probe polymer chains starts to increase rather abruptly at a certain critical strain rate, , and the spatial birefringence pattern is localized along the elongation axis, characteristics that are reminiscent of the coil-stretch transition of flexible polymer chains in a simple dilute solution. The relaxation time for the chain extension, _el, defined as the reciprocal of the critical strain rate , was determined at various temperatures, matrix polymer concentrations c_L, and test chain molecular weights M_H. It was found that _el varied with molecular weight as _el~M_H^a , with a ranging from 1.3 to 1.8, which is roughly consistent with the molecular weight dependence of the non-free-draining Zimm relaxation time. A scaled relaxation time _elkT/, which can be used to estimate the radius of gyration R_g of the probe polymer, decreased with increasing c_L, indicating contraction of the high molecular weight polymer due to a screening of the excluded volume effect caused by the matrix polymer in the pseudo-solvent.     

Subshell-pair correlation coefficients of atoms in momentum space

Angular correlation coefficients τ ^{nl,n^′ l^′} [p] between linear momenta of an electron in a subshell nl and another electron in a subshell n′ l′ are studied for the 102 neutral atoms He through Lr in their ground states, where n and l are the principal and azimuthal quantum numbers, respectively. We theoretically find that electron momenta are negatively correlated or uncorrelated; τ ^{nl,n^′ l^′} [p] < 0 when |l − l′|=1, while τ ^{nl,n^′ l^′} [p]=0 when |l − l′| ≠ 1. Numerical examinations of the atoms show that except for the He–B atoms, negative correlations are largest between 1s and 2p subshells, which have the most diffuse electron distributions in momentum space.     

Laser-induced fluorescence study of the hydrogen atom formation dynamics in the 248 nm gas-phase photodissociation of vibrational state selected water (H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O (|04<Superscript>−</Superscript>〉))

The vibrationally-mediated H₂O gas-phase photodissociation was studied at a photolysis wavelength of 248 nm. Single rotational states of the |03⁻〉|2〉 and |04⁻〉 H₂O overtone vibrations were prepared by laser photoexcitation around 720 nm. H atoms formed in the photodissociation of the H₂O (|04⁻〉 = 3₁₃) were detected by Lyman-α laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy with sub-Doppler resolution to determine their translational energy. The present result confirms that in the dissociation process the major part (ca. 93%) of the available energy is released as relative translational energy of the nascent H + OH photofragments, in agreement with earlier complementary measurements (R. L. Vander Wal, J. L. Scott and F. F. Crim, J. Chem. Phys. 94, 1859 (1991)), where the internal excitation of the OH product radical was investigated at different photolysis wavelengths.     

The L Spectrum of Fe and Fe3O4

The intensities of the Fe L lines/bands l = L₃M₁, η = L₂M₁, α_1,2 = L₃M_4,5, β₁ = L₂M₄, and β_3,4 = L₁M_2,3 were measured for pure Fe and Fe₃O₄ using a TAP crystal as the dispersing element. The energy of the exciting electrons, E₀, was varied in the range 5 ≤ E₀ ≤ 25 keV. For pure Fe the following results were obtained. The net peak height ratio Ll/Lα remains relatively constant with varying E₀ at approximately 14%. The E₀ dependence of Lη is similar to that of Ll, although Lη is less intense than Ll by a factor of 7. Lβ₁/Lα decreases from 20% for E₀ = 5 keV to about 5% for 25 keV. Lβ_3,4 behaves like Lβ₁ but is weaker by a factor of 15. For Fe₃O₄ a much weaker intensity of Lα was observed which can be partially explained by its stronger absorption. Again, the E₀ dependence of Ll and Lη is similar with Ll/Lα = 19% and Lη/Lα = 4%. Lβ₁ and Lβ_3,4 show a comparable E₀ dependence. Lβ₁/Lα decreases from 50% for E₀ = 5 keV to 34% for 25 keV. Lβ_3,4 is weaker than Lβ₁ by a factor of about 25. The observed E₀ dependence of the different lines was used to estimate a set of mass absorption coefficients. Our value for Lα in Fe agrees well with other data which were deduced from variable E₀ measurements but differs considerably from data given by Heinrich and Henke.     

Purification and Characterization of a Hyperthermostable and High Maltogenic α-Amylase of an Extreme Thermophile <Emphasis Type="Italic">Geobacillus thermoleovorans</Emphasis>

The purified α-amylase of Geobacillus thermoleovorans had a molecular mass of 26 kDa with a pI of 5.4, and it was optimally active at 100 °C and pH 8.0. The T _1/2 of α-amylase at 100 °C increased from 3.6 to 5.6 h in the presence of cholic acid. The activation energy and temperature quotient (Q ₁₀) of the enzyme were 84.10 kJ/mol and 1.31, respectively. The activity of the enzyme was enhanced strongly by Co²⁺ and Fe²⁺; enhanced slightly by Ba²⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Mg²⁺; inhibited strongly by Sn²⁺, Hg²⁺, and Pb²⁺, and inhibited slightly by EDTA, phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride, N-ethylmaleimide, and dithiothreitol. The enzyme activity was not affected by Ca²⁺ and ethylene glycol-bis (β-amino ethyl ether)-N,N,N,N-tetra acetic acid. Among different additives and detergents, polyethylene glycol 8000 and Tween 20, 40, and 80 stabilized the enzyme activity, whereas Triton X-100, glycerol, glycine, dextrin, and sodium dodecyl sulfate inhibited to a varied extent. α-Amylase exhibited activity on several starch substrates and their derivatives. The K _m and K _cat values (soluble starch) were 1.10 mg/ml and 5.9 × 10³ /min, respectively. The enzyme hydrolyzed raw starch of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) efficiently.     

Crystal structure of [Mn(1,10-C12H8N2)3](B6H7)2

A new compound [MN^II(Phen)₃]²⁺(B₆H₇)₂⁻ is synthesized; its crystal structure is studied by XRD at 100 K. Crystallographic data: C₃₆H₃₈B₁₂N₆Mn, M = 739.39, triclinic symmetry, space group P , unit cell parameters: a = 10.3131(3) ?, b = 13.4839(4) ?, c = 15.1132(4) ?; α = 97.696(1)°, β = 108.324(1)°, γ = 102.211(1)°; V = 1903.9(1) ?³, Z = 2, d _calc = 1.290 g/cm³. The structure is solved by direct and Fourier methods and refined by full-matrix LSM in the anisotropic (isotropic for hydrogen atoms) approximation to the final factor R ₁ = 0.036 for 10169 I _hkl ≥ 2σ _I (Bruker-Nonius X8 APEX CCD diffractometer, λMoK _α). The structure contains two crystallographically different anions. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2009 by T. M. Polyanskaya, M. K. Drozdova, V. V. Volkov, and K. G. Myakishev __________ Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 381–385, March–April, 2009.     

Synthesis and characterisation of coating polyurethane cationomers containing quaternary ammonium alkyl groups derived from built-in alkyl bromides

Polyurethane cationomers were synthesised in the reaction of 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) with polyoxypropylene glycol (M = 450) and N-methyl diethanolamine. Amine segments were built-in to the urethane–isocyanate prepolymer in the reaction with 1-bromoalkanes (C₂–C₁₀), and then they were converted to alkyl-ammonium cations. The obtained isocyanate prepolymers were then extended in the aqueous medium. That yielded stable aqueous dispersions which were applied on the surfaces of test poly(tetrafluoroethylene) plates. After evaporation of water, the dispersions formed thin polymer coatings. ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral methods were employed to confirm chemical structures of synthesised cationomers. Based on ¹H NMR and IR spectra, the factors κ and α₁ or α₁ were calculated, which represented the polarity level of the obtained cationomers. The differential scanning calorimetry method revealed decline of T _g for the hard urethane and urea segments from 60 °C to 46 °C when the number of carbon atoms increased in the alkyl radical attached to the ammonium cation. Changes were discussed in the surface free energy (SFE) and its components, as calculated independently according to the methods suggested by van Oss-Good and by Owens–Wendt, in relation to chemical structures of cationomers. The growing length (from C₂ to C₁₀) of the alkyl radical attached to the N atom in the cationomer chain was found to reduce the value of SFE of the polymer coating from 46 to 28 mJ/m². That is caused by gradual weakening of long-range interactions, within which the highest share is taken by dispersion interactions.