Syntheses and electronic structures of one-electron-oxidized group 10 metal(II)-(disalicylidene)diamine complexes (metal = Ni, Pd, Pt)

Group 10 metal(II) complexes of H2tbu-salen (H2tbu-salen = N,N'-bis(3',5'-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)ethylenediamine) and H2tbu-salcn (H2tbu-salcn = N,N'-bis(3',5'-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine) containing two 2,4-di(tert-butyl)phenol moieties, [Ni(tbu-salen)] (1a), [Ni(tbu-salcn)] (1b), [Pd(tbu-salen)] (2a), [Pd(tbu-salcn)] (2b), and [Pt(tbu-salen)] (3), were prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the electronic structures of their one-electron-oxidized species were established by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. All the complexes have a mononuclear structure with two phenolate oxygens coordinated in a very similar square-planar geometry. These complexes exhibited similar absorption spectra in CH2Cl2, indicating that they all have a similar structure in solution. Cyclic voltammograms of the complexes showed a quasi-reversible redox wave at E1/2 = 0.82-1.05 V (vs Ag/AgCl), corresponding to formation of the relatively stable one-electron-oxidized species. The electrochemically oxidized or Ce(IV)-oxidized species of 1a, 2a, and 3 displayed a first-order decay with a half-life of 83, 20, and 148 min at -20 degrees C, respectively. Ni(II) complexes 1a and 1b were converted to the phenoxyl radicals upon one-electron oxidation in CH2Cl2 above -80 degrees C and to the Ni(III)-phenolate species below -120 degrees C. The temperature-dependent conversion was reversible with the Ni(III)-phenolate ground state and was found to be a valence tautomerism governed by the solvent. One-electron-oxidized 1b was isolated as [Ni(tbu-salcn)]NO3 (4) having the Ni(II)-phenoxyl radical ground state. One-electron-oxidized species of the Pd(II) complexes 2a and 2b were different from those of the Ni(II) complexes, the Pd(II)-phenoxyl radical species being the ground state in CH2Cl2 in the range 5-300 K. The one-electron-oxidized form of 2b, [Pd(tbu-salcn)]NO3 (5), which was isolated as a dark green powder, was found to be a Pd(II)-phenoxyl radical complex. On the other hand, the ESR spectrum of the one-electron-oxidized species of Pt(II) complex 3 exhibited a temperature-independent large g anisotropy in CH2Cl2 below -80 degrees C, while its resonance Raman spectrum at -60 degrees C displayed nu8a of the phenoxyl radical band at 1600 cm-1. These results indicated that the ground state of the Pt(II)-phenoxyl radical species has a large distribution of the radical electron spin at the Pt center. One-electron oxidation of 3 gave [Pt(tbu-salen)]NO3 (6) as a solid, where the oxidation state of the Pt center was determined to be ca. +2.5 from the XPS and XANES measurements.     

M(CO)4~(2+)(M=Ni,Pd,Pt)的几何结构与自旋态的理论研究

对标题化合物的几何结构和可能的自旋态在密度泛函DFT-BP86和从头算的水平上进行了研究.计算结果表明:作为16电子配合物阳离子,Pd(CO)_4~(2+)和Pt(CO)~(2+)都以低自旋态平面四边形构型存在,这与实验事实相符,计算得到的键长Pd-C和Pt-C相对趋势也与实验数据一致.而对于Ni(CO)_4~(2+)阳离子计算,在低自旋态平面四边形构型和高自旋态的(扭曲)四面体之间无法给出明确的答案,因为CCSD(T)//BP86和CCSD(T)//MP2水平下得到的两种结构之间的能量差几乎可以忽略.     

Telluro- and seleno-bridged TiIV-MII (M = Ni,Pd, Pt) heterobimetallic complexes

Summary Heterobimetallic complexes of the types [Cp₂Ti(-EAr)₂-M(dppe)] (ClO₄)₂ [(1)–(4); M, E = Ni, Te (1); Ni, Se (2); Pt, Te (3); Pt, Se (4); Ar = Ph (a), C₆H₄-4-Me (b), C₆H₄-4-OMe (c), C₆H₄-4-OEt (d)] and [Cp₂Ti(-TeAr)₂-MCl ₂] [M = Pd (5), Pt (6)] were obtained by the reactions of Cp₂Ti(EAr)₂ with M(dppe)(ClO₄)₂ and M(PhCN)₂Cl₂, respectively. While (1), (5) and (6) are stable in the solid state as well as in solution, (2)–(4) undergo dissociation to M(dppe)(EAr)₂ and Cp₂Ti(ClO₄)₂ in solution, as shown by multinuclear (³¹P{¹H},¹⁹⁵Pt{¹H}, ¹²⁵Te{¹H}) n.m.r. studies. The reaction of Cp₂Ti(SeAr)₂ with M(PhCN)₂Cl₂, however, leads to the formation of Cp₂TiCl₂ and a polymeric material [M(SeAr)₂] _n .     

Theoretical Studies on Aromaticity of Spiro Metallaaromatics of (C10H10M)2-(M=Ni,Pd, Pt)

Aiming to identify the spiro metallaaromatic systems with potential application value, (C₁₀H₁₀M)^2?(M=Ni, Pd, Pt) derivatives were theoretically investigated. (C₁₀H₁₀M)^2?-Iso1, which has two 6-membered rings(6MRs) connected by the M spiro atom, is a 14π-aromatic as a whole plane. (C₁₀H₁₀M)^2?-Iso2 has one 6π-aromatic 5MR and one 10π-aromatic 7MR connected by the spiro atom. The free (C₁₀H₁₀M)^2? dianions could not exist due to their rather high frontier orbital energies, while the neutral (C₁₀H₁₀M)Li₂ compounds are extremely stable against dissociation. Since (C₁₀H₁₀M)Li₂ coumponds are not fully coordinated, they trend to form (C₁₀H₁₀M)Li₄²⁺ dications, or even[(C₁₀H₁₀M)Li₂]_n polymers. Arguably, (C₁₀H₁₀M)^2? planes are not the only examples for spiro metallaaromaticity, their derivatives are also potential material building blocks.     

The adsorption of CO on group 10 (Ni, Pd, Pt) transition-metal clusters

The adsorption of a single CO molecule on clusters of the Group 10 transition metals is characterized by infrared multiple photon dissociation (IR-MPD) spectroscopy. The cationic, neutral, and anionic carbonyl complexes contain between 3 and up to 25 metal atoms. The C-O stretching frequency nu(CO) shows that while both nickel and platinum clusters adsorb CO only in atop positions, palladium clusters exhibit a variety of binding sites. These findings can be rationalized by considering the increasing role relativistic effects play in the electronic structure of the cluster complexes going down the group. Conclusions for the cluster-support interactions for size-selected supported particles are drawn from the charge dependence of nu(CO) for the gas-phase species.     

Synthesis, structure, and cooperative proton-electron transfer reaction of Bis(5,6-diethylpyrazinedithiolato)metal complexes (M = Ni, Pd, Pt)

New proton and electron donors, M(II)(HL)(2) (M = Ni, Pd, Pt; L = 5,6-diethylpyradzinedithiolate), as well as a proton and electron acceptor, Pt(IV)(L)(2), were prepared and characterized. The pH-dependent cyclic voltammetry of the M(II)(HL)(2) complexes revealed a favorable Gibbs free energy (K(com) > 1) for the proton and electron transfer reactions from M(II)(HL)(2) to M(IV)(L)(2); i.e., the equilibrium for the following reaction lies to the right: M(II)(HL)(2) + M(IV)(L)(2) <==>2M(III)(HL)(L).     

Theoretical design of novel trinuclear sandwich complexes with central M3 triangles (M = Ni, Pd, Pt)

On the basis of the 18-electron rule, we theoretically designed a series of sandwich complexes [M(3)L(2)(CO)(3)](q) (M = Ni, Pd, Pt; L = C(7)H(7), P(5), P(6), As(5), As(6); q = 2+, 0, or 2-) by means of density functional theory computations. These sandwich structures are of high stability, revealed by their strong donating and back-donating metal-ligand interactions, considerable aromatic characters as well as sizable energy gaps. All these proposed sandwich structures might serve as promising building blocks for new nanomaterials.     

Ternary alkali metal transition metal acetylides A2MC2 (A = Na, K; M = Pd, Pt)

Ternary transition metal acetylides A2MC2 (A = Na, K; M = Pd, Pt) can be synthesised by reaction of the respective alkali metal acetylide A2C2 with palladium or platinum in an inert atmosphere at about 350 degrees C. The crystal structures are characterised by (infinity)1[M(C2)(2/2)2-] chains, which are separated by the alkali metals (P3m1, Z = 1). The refinement of neutron powder diffraction data gave C-C = 1.263(3) A for Na2PdC2 (Na2PtC2: 1.289(4) A), which is distinctively longer than the expected value for a C-C triple bond (1.20 A). On the basis of band-structure calculations this can be attributed to a strong back-bonding from the metal into the anti-bonding orbitals of the C2 unit. This was further confirmed by Raman spectroscopic investigations, which showed that the wavenumbers of the C-C stretching vibrations in Na2PdC2 and Na2PtC2 are about 100 cm(-1) smaller than in acetylene. 13C MAS-NMR spectra demonstrated that the acetylenic C2 units in the title compounds are very different from those in acetylene. Electrical conductivity measurements and band-structure calculations showed that the black title compounds are semiconductors with a small indirect band gap (approximately 0.2 eV).     

噻吩在M(111)(M=Pd,Pt,Au)表面的吸附(英文)

采用密度泛函理论(DFT),选取DMol3程序模块,对噻吩在M(111)(M=Pd,Pt,Au)表面上的吸附行为进行了探讨.通过对噻吩在不同底物金属上的吸附能、吸附构型、Mulliken电荷布居、差分电荷密度以及态密度的分析发现,噻吩在Pd(111)面上的吸附能最大,Pt(111)面次之,Au(111)面最小.吸附后,噻吩在Au(111)面上的构型几乎保持不变,最终通过S端倾斜吸附于top位;噻吩在Pd(111)及Pt(111)面上发生了折叠与变形,环中氢原子向上翘起,最终通过环平面平行吸附于hollow位.此外,噻吩环吸附后芳香性遭到了破坏,环中碳原子发生sp3杂化,同时电子逐渐由噻吩向M(111)面发生转移,M(111)面上的部分电子也反馈给了噻吩环中的空轨道,这种协同作用最终导致了噻吩分子稳定吸附于M(111)面.     

噻吩在M(111)(M=Pd,Pt, Au)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论(DFT), 选取DMol³程序模块, 对噻吩在M(111) (M=Pd, Pt, Au)表面上的吸附行为进行了探讨. 通过对噻吩在不同底物金属上的吸附能、吸附构型、Mulliken 电荷布居、差分电荷密度以及态密度的分析发现, 噻吩在Pd(111)面上的吸附能最大, Pt(111)面次之, Au(111)面最小. 吸附后, 噻吩在Au(111)面上的构型几乎保持不变, 最终通过S端倾斜吸附于top 位; 噻吩在Pd(111)及Pt(111)面上发生了折叠与变形, 环中氢原子向上翘起, 最终通过环平面平行吸附于hollow 位. 此外, 噻吩环吸附后芳香性遭到了破坏, 环中碳原子发生sp³杂化, 同时电子逐渐由噻吩向M(111)面发生转移, M(111)面上的部分电子也反馈给了噻吩环中的空轨道, 这种协同作用最终导致了噻吩分子稳定吸附于M(111)面.     

Geometric, electronic, and bonding properties of AuNM (N = 1-7, M = Ni, Pd, Pt) clusters

Employing first-principles methods, based on density functional theory, we report the ground state geometric and electronic structures of gold clusters doped with platinum group atoms, Au(N)M (N = 1-7, M = Ni, Pd, Pt). The stability and electronic properties of Ni-doped gold clusters are similar to that of pure gold clusters with an enhancement of bond strength. Due to the strong d-d or s-d interplay between impurities and gold atoms originating in the relativistic effects and unique properties of dopant delocalized s-electrons in Pd- and Pt-doped gold clusters, the dopant atoms markedly change the geometric and electronic properties of gold clusters, and stronger bond energies are found in Pt-doped clusters. The Mulliken populations analysis of impurities and detailed decompositions of bond energies as well as a variety of density of states of the most stable dopant gold clusters are given to understand the different effects of individual dopant atom on bonding and electronic properties of dopant gold clusters. From the electronic properties of dopant gold clusters, the different chemical reactivity toward O(2), CO, or NO molecule is predicted in transition metal-doped gold clusters compared to pure gold clusters.     

The role of long-lived oxygen precursors on AuM alloys (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) in CO oxidation

Gold alloys have been reported to be active in very low temperature oxidation of CO. The reasons for the better performance of AuNi with respect to Ni(111) surfaces were reported recently by indicating an active role of gold. Our results show that for this alloy, the CO oxidation molecular channel is responsible for the low temperature performance but the remaining oxygen on the surface is tightly bound and the process is not catalytic at low to room temperatures. The contribution from the associative path is also improved for the rest of the series: AuPd and AuPt. Only in the latter case, an important reduction of the light-off temperature of the catalytic path is observed.     

Syntheses,crystal structures,and thermal stabilities of the first Hofmann-DMF-type complexes Zn(DMF)2M(CN)4 (M = Ni,Pd, Pt)

The first Hofmann-DMF-type complexes Zn(DMF)₂M(CN)₄ (M = Ni (1), Pd (2), Pt (3)) have been synthesized by solution diffusion and characterized structurally by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure consists of 2-D corrugated sheets stacking along the a-axis in an ABAB packing mode without interpenetration. The octahedral Zn ions and square-planar M ions occupy special positions of 2/m site symmetry. The DMF, except for six methyl H atoms, lies on a crystallographic mirror plane; the DMF molecules coordinate to axial sites of Zn on both sides of the sheet. The framework of 1 begins to collapse with loss of coordinated DMF.     

Theoretical study of the strong intramolecular hydrogen bond and metal-ligand interactions in group 10 (Ni, Pd, Pt) bis(dimethylglyoximato) complexes

The structural and bonding characteristics of the bis(dimethylglyoximato) complexes of group 10 transition metals ([M(dmg)₂], where M = Ni, Pd and Pt) were investigated by means of quantum chemical computations. The equilibrium geometries, energetic and bonding properties were computed using the B3P86 exchange-correlation density functional in conjunction with a 6-311+(+)G^∗∗ basis set. The computations revealed that the strong O⁻?H-O hydrogen bond exists only in the presence of the metal cations. The free (dmg)₂²⁻ ligand has significantly different geometry in which the O⁻?H-O interaction is replaced by N?O-H bonds. The characteristics of the metal-ligand interactions were determined by natural bond orbital analysis.     

The Pb12(2-) and Pb10(2-) zintl ions and the M@Pb12(2-) and M@Pb10(2-) cluster series where M = Ni, Pd, Pt

Ethylenediamine (en) solutions of K4Pb9 react with toluene solutions of ML4 (M = Pt, Pd, L = PPh3; M = Ni, L2= COD) and 2,2,2-crypt to give M@Pb12(2-) cluster anions (M = Pt (1), Pd (2), Ni (3)) as the [K(2,2,2-crypt)]+ salts in low (Ni) to good (Pt) yields. The ions have near perfect Ih point symmetry and have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, 207Pb NMR and LDI-TOF mass spectrometry studies. For M = Ni, the primary product formed is the D4d Ni@Pb10(2-) cluster that has also been structurally characterized. The M@Pb10(2-) clusters (M = Pd, Pt) and the new Zintl ions closo-Pb10(2-) and closo-Pb12(2-) were formed in the gas phase but have not been detected in solution or the solid state. The structural trends of these series of clusters have been investigated through DFT calculations. The Ni@Pb10(2-) cluster is dynamic on the 207Pb NMR time scale at -45 degrees C and 104.7 MHz. The M@Pb12(2-) ions show unusually deshielded 207Pb NMR chemical shifts that presumably arise from sigma-aromatic effects associated with their high symmetries. In the solid state, the salts form superlattices of cations and anions (e.g. the AlB2 lattice of [K(2,2,2-crypt)](2)[Pt@Pb12]) and are prototypes for "assembled cluster materials".     

Density Functional Theory Study on the Adsorption of CN on Transition Metal M（100） （M = Ni,Pd, Pt,Cu, Ag and Au） Surfaces

The adsorption of cyanide on the top site of a series of transition metal M（100） （M = Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt） surfaces via carbon and nitrogen atoms respectively, with the CN axis perpendicular to the surface, has been studied by means of density functional theory and cluster model. Geometry, adsorption energy and vibrational frequencies have been determined, and the present calculations show that the adsorption of CN through C-end on metal surface is more favorable than that via N-end for the same surface. The vibrational frequencies of CN for C-down configuration on surface are blue-shifted with respect to the free CN, which is contrary to the change of vibrational frequencies when CN is adsorbed by N-down structure. Furthermore, the charge transfer from surface to CN causes the increase of surface work function.     

Electronic structure and properties of MCO and M5CO carbonyls (M = Fe,Ni, Cu) by density functional methods

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the electronic structure and properties of Fe, Ni, and Cu carbonyls with one and five transition-element atoms are reported, due to their importance in heterogeneous catalysis (especially in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis). The local density approximation (LDA) with the Vosko-Wilk-Nussain (VWN) correlation functional as well as the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) using Becke's 1988 exchange functional and Perdew's 1986 correlation functional (BP method) were applied to the study of the clusters using a triple-zeta plus polarization (TZP) basis set. Triplet and quintuplet states for FeCO, singlet and triplet for NiCO, and doublet for CuCO were considered, and optimization of energy at the LDA/BP level for these cases was done. Dissociation energies in M and CO fragments, frequencies, and population analysis were performed. Geometry optimization of the distance between the C atom and the clusters M₅ (with geometries taken from the crystals) were carried out and the dissociation energy in fragments M₅ and CO as well as population analysis at the optimized geometries were also done. Comparison between our results and some others published using ab initio and density functional methods were performed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.