共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Yu. Ya. Volkolupov A. N. Dovbnya V. V. Zakutin M. A. Krasnogolovets N. G. Reshetnyak V. P. Romas’ko 《Technical Physics》2001,46(7):873-876
High-power electrons beams generated in a single injection magnetron gun with secondary-emission cathodes and in a set of such guns are studied. Hollow electron beams of current 50–100 A, electron energy 30–100 kV, and peak power 1–5 MW are obtained. The beams can be used as electron sources in accelerators and ordinary and multibeam high-power microwave devices. 相似文献
2.
Yu. Ya. Volkolupov A. N. Dovbnya V. V. Zakutin M. A. Krasnogolovets N. G. Reshetnyak V. P. Romas’ko 《Technical Physics》2001,46(9):1196-1198
The formation of an electron layer and the generation of an electron beam in magnetron guns where secondary emission is triggered by nanosecond pulses are studied. In the guns with small cross sizes, hollow electron beams with an outer diameter of 3–6 mm are generated. The beam current is 1–2 A, and the cathode voltage is 5–7 kV. Results obtained indicate that the generation of nanosecond beam-current pulses is a possibility. 相似文献
3.
4.
Miroslav Pardy 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2006,45(3):647-659
We find the solutions of the Dirac equation for two plane waves (laser beams) and we determine the modified Compton formula for the scattering of two photons on an electron. The practical meaning of the two laser beams is, that two laser beams impinging on a target which is constituted from material in the form a foam, can replace 100–200 laser beams impinging on a normal target and it means that the nuclear fusion with two laser beams is realistic in combination with the thermonuclear reactor such as ITER. 相似文献
5.
S. A. Aseev V. G. Minogin B. N. Mironov S. V. Chekalin 《Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics》2010,111(5):707-713
The space-velocity distribution of electrons propagating in vacuum can be deformed by the ponderomotive potential produced
by high-intensity femtosecond laser pulses, which makes it possible to subsequently separate such electrons from the initial
beam. It is shown that optical modification of electron beams with kinetic energies on the order of 100 eV by femtosecond
laser radiation with an intensity from 1014 to 1018 W/cm2 makes it possible to form electron beams with a duration on the order of 50–100 fs. Examples of optical control over the
shape of electron beams, based on deflection, reflection, focusing, and splitting of electron beams, are considered. 相似文献
6.
V. A. Pronin V. N. Gornov A. V. Lipin P. A. Loboda B. V. Mchedlishvili A. N. Nechaev A. V. Sergeev 《Technical Physics》2001,46(11):1444-1447
An ion-beam method to modify the track membrane surface is suggested. An ion gun based on a magnetron sputterer is developed. This gun provides ion energies in the range of 5 eV–1 keV, ion current density up to 0.8 mA/cm2, and an ion beam aperture of 90 mm. After the track membrane surface has been irradiated by argon ions with an energy of 50–100 eV, the angle of surface-water contact decreases from 65°–75° to 10°–25°. If the irradiating ion energy is 300–800 eV, the angle of contact increases from 65°–75° to 90°–100°. 相似文献
7.
A detailed experimental investigation of oscillators based on a magnetron injection gun is carried out. Experimental data
show that such oscillators offer a considerable advantage over other similar devices; namely, they are capable of generating
powerful wideband noiselike microwave oscillations. This is because magnetron injection guns generate turbulent electron beams
at their exit. 相似文献
8.
N. I. Aizatskii A. N. Dovbnya V. V. Zakutin N. G. Reshetnyak V. P. Romas’ko Yu. Ya. Volkolupov M. A. Krasnogolovets 《Technical Physics》2002,47(3):357-360
The generation of electron beams in high-aspect-ratio magnetron guns with cold metallic secondary-emission small-diameter cathodes is discussed. The parameters of the beams as functions of the electric and magnetic fields are studied for various ways of generating voltage pulses needed for the secondary emission multiplication of the electrons and the beam generation. 相似文献
9.
A magnetron discharge with a cold hollow cathode and an uncooled rod cathode is studied. It is shown that such a discharge
can be efficiently used to generate a plasma emitting charged particles. For a discharge current of 2 A and an accelerating
voltage of 10 kV, ion and electron emission currents of 0.1–0.15 and 1 A, respectively, are achieved. The energy cost of ion
extraction is 1–2 W/mA, which is two to five times less than for typical ion sources, and the energy efficiency is 15 mA/W,
which is a factor of five or six higher than for electron emitters based on a hollow-cathode reflex discharge. 相似文献
10.
Inelastic collisions of electrons with manganese dibromide molecules were studied by the method of extended crossing beams.
These collisions cause the formation of excited manganese atoms in doublet and sextet states. At an exciting electron energy
of 100 eV, 52 dissociative excitation cross sections were measured. At electron energies 0–100 eV, three optical excitation
functions were recorded. The ratio between excitation cross sections in electron-molecular and electron-atomic collisions
is considered. 相似文献
11.
M. Yu. Glyavin A. G. Luchinin V. N. Manuilov 《Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics》2009,52(2):150-156
We determine distinctive features of the systems forming helical electron beams (HEBs) for high-power pulsed gyrotrons operated
in the submillimeter-wave range. It is shown that they are characterized by a nonparaxial magnetic field in the emitter region,
short distances between the cathode and the cavity, and the necessity of supplementing the magnetic system with a cathode
coil placed behind the emitter. In a diode-type magnetron injection gun, which forms a boundary beam with a power of up to
4 MW, one can obtain the HEB parameters which are acceptable for the gyrotron operation.
Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 164–171, February 2009. 相似文献
12.
V. E. Zapevalov A. N. Kuftin V. K. Lygin Sh. E. Tsimring 《Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics》1992,35(11-12):640-645
The results of numerical simulation and experimental study of magnetron injection guns for high-power gyrotrons that form intense helical electron beams are compared. Three types of beams are studied: those with regularly intersecting trajectories, laminar, and mixed (with irregularly intersecting trajectories). The corresponding guns differ in the angle of inclination of the emitting surface to the axis of axial symmetry. Numerical simulation was performed using the ÉPOS program, which takes into account the effect of the space-charge field on the velocity distribution. The experimental studies of the latter were performed by the retarding-field method. It is established that with allowance for temperature deformations of the electrode systems, the experimental data are in satisfactory agreement with the theoretical. It is shown that for a maximal beam current, the best velocity-distribution characteristics (velocity spread and pitch factor) are provided by guns that form laminar and boundary beams (an intermediate case between laminar and regularly intersecting beams). 相似文献
13.
Experimental results on two-pulse generation and transportation of high-current relativistic electron beams (REBs) through
the gaseous medium of a plasmochemical reactor (PR) are presented. The generation of two consecutive high-current REB pulses
with a duration of 60 ns was achieved at the Tonus accelerator with modified schemes of high-voltage pulse formation. The
first version of the formation scheme enabled pulse powers of 2 and 4.0–9.6 GW with a time interval between the pulses of
500 ns. The second version enabled one to generate pulses with powers of 1.8 and 16 GW and time interval between the pulses
of 160 μs. The transportation parameters of an REB injected into a 1.4-m-long PR filled with an N2: O2 gas mixture are studied. The conductance of the plasma produced under the action of the electron beams is measured. It is
shown that the schemes proposed provide more efficient (by 35–45%) transportation of the REBs in the reactor volume as compared
to single-pulse high-current REBs of the same power and pulse duration. 相似文献
14.
Computer Simulation of Axis-Encircling Beams Generated by an Electron Gun with a Permanent Magnet System 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. Sabchevski T. Idehara I. Ogawa M. Glyavin S. Mitsudo K. Ohashi H. Kobayashi 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2000,21(8):1191-1209
Results from computer aided design of a novel electron gun generating axis-encircling beams are presented and discussed. Numerical experiments were performed by the new version of the software package GUN-MIG named GUN-MIG/CUSP. It is based on a self-consistent relativistic model and is developed as a problem oriented tool for analysis of electron-optical systems with magnetron injection guns (MIG) and electron guns with field reversal (cusp guns), forming axis-encircling beams. As a result of the simulations an electron-optical design of a novel electron gun with permanent magnet system was accomplished. The gun is expected to form high quality beams with small velocity spread and beam ripple. Parameters of the generated beams are appropriate for a prospective weakly relativistic high harmonic large orbit gyrotron (LOG). The development of such device is in progress now at the Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region (FIR Center) at Fukui University. 相似文献
15.
The formation of radiating particles in the excitation of C60 fullerene molecules by electrons with energies E
e<100 eV is investigated by the method of crossed molecular and electron beams. A quasicontinuous (with a spectral resolution
of 3 nm) emission spectrum, close to the Planck emission spectrum of a heated body, is recorded in the wavelength range 300–800
nm. The temperature of the radiation corresponds to an internal energy of the C60 molecule of approximately 40 eV.
Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 63, No. 12, 915–919 (25 June 1996) 相似文献
16.
Generation of high-power electron beams by magnetron injection guns with secondary-emission cathodes
V. V. Zakutin A. N. Dovbnya N. G. Reshetnyak Yu. Ya. Volkolupov M. A. Krasnogolovets 《Technical Physics》2001,46(3):348-350
The generation of high-power electron beams by magnetron injection guns using a secondary-emission cold cathode is studied
experimentally. Stable operation at an output power of up to 8 MW is achieved. 相似文献
17.
Properties of reactively sputtered W–B–N thin film as a diffusion barrier for Cu metallization on Si
L. C. Leu D. P. Norton L. McElwee-White T. J. Anderson 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2009,94(3):691-695
Thin films of W–B–N (10 nm) have been evaluated as diffusion barriers for Cu interconnects. The amorphous W–B–N thin films
were prepared at room temperature via reactive magnetron sputtering using a W2B target at various N2/(Ar + N2) flow ratios. Cu diffusion tests were performed after in-situ deposition of 200 nm Cu. Thermal annealing of the barrier stacks
was carried out in vacuum at elevated temperatures for one hour. X-ray diffraction patterns, sheet resistance measurement,
cross-section transmission electron microscopy images, and energy-dispersive spectrometer scans on the samples annealed at
500°C revealed no Cu diffusion through the barrier. The results indicate that amorphous W–B–N is a promising low resistivity
diffusion barrier material for copper interconnects. 相似文献
18.
F. Machalett K. Edinger J. Melngailis M. Diegel K. Steenbeck E. Steinbeiss 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2000,71(3):331-335
For direct writing of electrically conducting connections and areas into insulating gold oxide thin films a scanning Ar+ laser beam and a 30 keV Ga+ focused ion beam (FIB) have been used. The gold oxide films are prepared by magnetron sputtering under argon/oxygen plasma.
The patterning of larger areas (dimension 10–100 μm) has been carried out with the laser beam by local heating of the selected
area above the decomposition temperature of AuOx (130–150 °C). For smaller dimensions (100 nm to 10 μm) the FIB irradiation could be used. With both complementary methods
a reduction of the sheet resistance by 6–7 orders of magnitude has been achieved in the irradiated regions (e.g. with FIB
irradiation from 1.5×107 Ω/□ to approximately 6 Ω/□). The energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) show a considerably reduced oxygen content in the
irradiated areas, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigations, indicate
that the FIB patterning in the low-dose region (1014 Ga+/cm2) is combined with a volume reduction, which is caused by oxygen escape rather than by sputtering.
Received: 30 May 2000 / Accepted: 31 May 2000 / Published online: 13 July 2000 相似文献
19.
A. E. Avetisyan S. G. Arutunian I. E. Vasiniuk M. M. Davtyan 《Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences)》2011,46(6):247-253
We have developed extended-aperture (20 mm) vibrating wire scanner (VWS) for transversal scanning of electron beams with large
transversal size. Test experiments were performed in open atmosphere on the 40 MeV electron beam of the Yerevan synchrotron
injector with the 4–10 μA at outlet. A construction of VWS is elaborated for scanning beams with larger transversal size.
This elaboration is a new precision tool for diagnostics of beams in accelerators, which may be successfully employed, because
of universality of the used operation principle, for profiling of as well large-aperture proton and ion beams. 相似文献
20.
We present the results of numerical simulation and experimental studies of the systems of forming helical electron beams with
different topologies for a 1-MW gyrotron with step frequency tuning in the range 100–170 GHz. We analyze variations in the
beam parameters including the distribution of electrons over the oscillatory velocities, as functions of the beam current
for various accelerating voltages and magnetic fields. The results of experimental studies of a prototype of the multifrequency
gyrotron in the oscillation regime such that the designed optimized electron-optical system forms an intense helical electron
beam with specified parameters in a wide interval of magnetic fields are shown.
__________
Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 50, No. 9, pp. 773–784, September 2007. 相似文献