纳米膜组装介孔Al2O3：合成及Pt/Al2O3的硝基苯催化加氢性能

以"乙酸乙酯(EA)-偏铝酸钠-水"体系在室温下合成了纳米膜组装介孔Al2O3。研究发现:合成反应时间、静置前搅拌时间、NaAlO2用量、EA用量及反应温度等对合成产物的形貌有影响;另外,与用商品γ-Al2O3制备的Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂相比,纳米膜组装介孔Al2O3制备的Pt/Al2O3催化剂含有部分易被还原的PtOx物种。在硝基苯催化加氢反应中,用合成Al2O3为载体制备的Pt/Al2O3催化剂,比用商品γ-Al2O3制备的Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂具有更好的催化活性。     

Hydrogen effects on the electric conductivity of a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst

Hydrogen desorption, hydrogen spillover and reduction processes have been evidenced using a new experimental strategy based on AC electric conductivity measurements during TPD and TPR experiments on a 0.5% Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst.     

Reducibility of Mo species in Pt/MoO3 and PtMo/Al2O3 catalysis

Recucibility of Mo species in Pt/MoO₃ and PtMo/Al₂O₃ has been investigated by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), temperature-programmed desorption of hydrogen (H₂-TPD) and temperature programmed electronic conductivity (TPEC) techniques. In Pt/MoO₃ at H₂ atmosphere, it was found by TPEC and TPR that, a slight amount of Pt could activate the transfer of the species and H atoms between H₂ and MoO₃, and thus accelerate the reduction of MoO₃. In PtMo/Al₂O₃, TPR and H₂-TPD revealed that the reduction of surface Mo species could also be facilitated by Pt. Two kinds of hydrogen molybdenum species were proposed on the surface of the catalyst after prereduction.     

Au/Al2O3纳米复合薄膜的制备和表征

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Au/Al₂O₃纳米复合薄膜。利用X-射线衍射、X-射线光电子能谱、原子力显微镜以及紫外-可见光谱对薄膜的微观结构、表面形貌及光学性能进行了表征,研究表明:Au/Al₂O₃纳米复合薄膜是由纳米微晶组成的颗粒膜, 复合薄膜均匀、致密、无裂纹,Au以纳米晶核形式镶嵌于Al₂O₃基体中,纳米Au晶核的粒径为23～26nm;复合薄膜在可见光区有较强的吸收,吸收峰位置与烧结温度有关,吸收强度随烧结温度和金添加量增大而增大。     

Mn-Fe/Al2O3催化剂的低温脱硝性能研究

以Al_2O_3为载体,Fe、Mn为活性组分,采用浸渍法制备了Mn-Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂,研究了Mn-Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂的低温脱硝性能.实验结果表明,Fe负载量为7%时,7Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂显示出较佳的低温脱硝性能;添加Mn能明显改变7Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂低温脱硝性能,其中当Mn/Fe质量比为11∶7时,11Mn7Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂获得最佳低温脱硝效率.对催化剂的表征结果表明,比表面积和孔径的大小不是决定催化剂性能高低的主要因素;Mn O2和Fe2O3在x Mn7Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂中具有较强的相互作用,影响活性组分微观晶体结构,改善活性组分分散程度,从而提高了催化剂的低温脱硝性能;Fe的添加使催化剂表面酸性位点数目增加,从而提高7Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂的低温脱硝效率.添加Mn不仅增多了11Mn7Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂表面酸性位点数目增加,而且使催化剂表面出现新的中强性酸位点,使其低温脱硝效率进一步提高;经过详细分析,结果表明表面吸附氧Oβ、Mn4+和Fe3+的含量较高是11Mn7Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂脱硝活性较高的主要原因.     

Al2O3-ZrO2复合膜的制备与表征

以异丙醇铝和氧氯化锆为原料,用溶胶-凝胶法在Al₂O₃中空纤维上制备了Al₂O₃-ZrO₂复合膜。应用TG、DTA、XRD、SEM等测试手段对复合膜的热稳定性、结构、形貌进行了表征。结果表明复合膜的热稳定性比单一由氧化铝或氧化锆制成的膜有显著的提高,在1100℃之前,复合膜以t-ZrO₂存在,1200℃时,出现了m-ZrO₂和α-Al₂O₃相。扫描电镜分析表明,膜表面完整、无缺陷。气体渗透实验进一步表明所得膜具有一定的气体选择性,0.3MPa和0.5MPa下对氮气和氩气的分离因子α分别为1.191和1.185,和氮气与氩气的理论分离因子(α=1.194)相当,说明气体通过膜的扩散以Knudsen扩散传质为主。用等温氮气吸附实验测定了非担载膜的孔径大小和分布,最可几孔径约为4.3nm。     

Methane steam reforming over rhodium promoted Ni/Al2O3 catalysts

The effect of Rh addition upon catalyst characteristics and performance in methane steam reforming was investigated using Rh-promoted Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts. The number of reduced metal atoms exposed on the surface increased for the Rh-promoted catalysts. Rh-promoted catalysts showed an increase in CH₄ reforming activity; however, constant turnover frequencies for promoted and unpromoted catalysts suggest that the increase in the number of metal surface atoms caused the activity enhancement. Rh also facilitated reduction of Ni/Al₂O₃.     

K2CO3含量对Ni-Cu-Mn-K/Al2O3水煤气变换催化剂结构和性能的影响

以γ-Al₂O₃为载体，采用等体积浸渍法，制备了不同K₂CO₃含量的Ni-Cu-Mn-K/Al₂O₃水煤气变换催化剂，采用低温N₂吸附、XRD、TPD和TPR，考察了K₂CO₃含量对催化剂结构和性能的影响。结果表明:K₂CO₃的加入使催化剂的还原温度有所提高，适量的K₂CO₃能增加活性组分的电子密度，从而增强其给电子活化CO的能力，提高催化剂的活性。但过量的K₂CO₃使得催化剂比表面积和孔容降低，且导致催化剂对CO吸附过强，催化活性降低。当Ni-Cu-Mn-K/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂中K₂CO₃的添加量为7.5%时，且催化剂经530 ℃耐热15 h后，在350 ℃时水煤气变换反应中CO转化率达62.29%。     

Effect of Preparation Conditions on the Stability of Pt/Al2O3 Catalysts in Methane Combustion

Alumina supported platinum catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method using aluminum-sec-butoxide, platinum acetylacetonate and sec-butanol. Various gelation process were performed either by the help of a gelation agent (water or acetic acid) or by a slow condensation without hydrolysis source. The textural and the structural study of the catalysts using the nitrogen physical adsorption and the hydrogen chemisorption showed that the BET surface area and the metal dispersion varied when the hydrolysis and the gelation processes were modified. The catalytic activities for methane combustion performed on the fresh and aged catalysts were correlated to the metal dispersion values. In addition the catalytic activity loss under reaction mixture seemed to be caused by the metal dispersion decrease. When the catalysts were aged under the reaction mixture at 600°C for 72 h, a BET surface area decrease and a metallic surface area loss were observed. The resistance to sintering observed to be dependant on the hydrolysis and the gelation processes was in favor of the catalyst prepared by acetic acid.     

Photodegradation of 2,4-D over PdO/Al2O3-Nd2O3 photocatalysts prepared by the sol-gel method

The photocatalytic activity of 1.0 wt% PdO supported on Al₂O₃-Nd₂O₃ binary oxides prepared by the sol-gel method was studied in the photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The photocatalysts were characterized by N₂ physisorption, XRD and UV-vis spectroscopy. PdO supported on γ-Al₂O₃ photo-degrades the 2,4-D, however the addition of Nd₂O₃ to γ-Al₂O₃ notably improves the photocatalytic activity. As the concentration of Nd₂O₃ in the binary oxide increases from 2 to 10 wt%, the photodegradation of 2,4-D is highly enhanced. The catalytic test for PdO supported on pure Nd₂O₃ showed scarce photocatalytic activity. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis showed that the 2,4-D has been completely destroyed on the PdO/Al₂O₃-Nd₂O₃ photocatalysts after 6 h under irradiation.     

Fe2O3/Al2O3二元气凝胶合成高质量单壁纳米碳管

通过溶胶和超临界干燥方法制得了Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃二元气凝胶，其比表面积和孔隙体积分别为246 m²·g^-1和1.89 cm³·g^-1，并具有较宽的孔径分布。以Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃二元气凝胶作催化剂，通过甲烷催化裂解成功地合成了高质量的单壁纳米碳管。利用FESEM、TEM和HRTEM、Raman光谱等分析手段研究了反应温度对单壁纳米碳管生长的影响。结果表明在900 ℃时合成单壁纳米碳管的质量较高，并且合成的炭产物为毡状，该炭产物主要为高质量的单壁纳米碳管。     

Ti∶Al2O3纳米粉体的共沉淀法合成及表征

本文采用共沉淀法合成了Ti∶Al2O3纳米粉体。利用热重/差热(TG/DTA)/X射线衍射(XRD)/红外光谱(FTIR)/扫描电镜(SEM)以及能谱(EDS)等分析方法对合成的Ti∶Al2O3纳米粉体进行了表征。结果分析表明:前驱体在1200℃下,保温1 h可以得到纯的α-Al2O3晶相;粉体的粒径均匀、分散性好,平均粒径在25~50 nm之间。     

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Ru/Al2O3 catalysts

Fischer-Tropsch syntheses (FTS) were carried out in a slurry phase over Ru/Al₂O₃ catalysts using hexadecane as a solvent. The outcome of the FTS was dependent on the oxide support, calcination temperature, synthesis gas composition and sulfur content. The addition of Mn/Na to Ru/Al₂O₃ was effective in raising the initial activity and C5+ selectivity, but after 20 hours, the performance of the modified catalyst was similar to that of the unmodified catalyst. An additional investigation involving the use of fresh vs used catalysts demonstrated that an agglomeration of the metallic Ru, at least in part, does occur during the reaction.     

Hydrogenation of nitrate in water over bimetallic Pd-Ag/Al2O3 catalysts

Hydrogenation of nitrate (NO₃ ⁻) in water was studied with 0.8 ×10⁻³–3.2 ×10⁻³ mol/dm³ of reactant in the temperature range of 293–313 K over palladium promoted Ag catalysts. Pd-Ag catalysts with a low ratio of Ag/Pd were characterized by high efficiency in the reduction of nitrates. The degradation of nitrates followed approximately first order decay and the estimated apparent activation energy was about 4 kJ/mol.     

荧光XAFS表征Pt/BaAl2O4-Al2O3催化剂中的微量铂物种

随着稀薄燃烧(lean-burn)发动机的推广使用和环保法规的日趋严格,消除稀燃尾气中的氮氧化物(N O x)已刻不容缓。N O x储存还原技术被认为是最具应用前景的方法之一[1,2]。目前,对Pt/BaA l2O4-A l2O3体系中N O x储存与还原机制的研究较多[1￣4],但对该体系中微量铂物种微观结构及其与性能的关系研究较少,这主要是由于Pt含量(0.1w t%￣0.5wt%)太低,分散度较高,使表征方法受到很大限制。本文采用共沉淀-浸渍法制得具有较高比表面积和热稳定性的N O x储存还原催化剂Pt/BaA l2O4-A l2O3,应用荧光X-射线吸收精细结构方法(Fluores-cence-…     

The Al2O3-Fe2O3 Mixed Oxidic System, I. Preparation and Characterization

A series of Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃ mixed oxidic solids with composition ranging from 0 to 100% of Fe₂O₃ were prepared and examined for structural characteristics. XRD diagrams showed the presence of α-Al₂O₃ and hematite phases. The analysis of M?ssbauer spectra revealed the existence of two iron containing phases. The specific surface area of the mixture decreases by the addition of iron and depends on the crystal phases of the mixture. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

添加Al2O3对Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4纳米纤维结构和磁性能的影响

采用静电纺丝技术制备了添加0～20wt%Al2O3的Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4纳米纤维。通过XRD、FESEM、TEM和VSM对样品的物相结构、形貌和磁性能进行了表征。结果表明,所合成的复合纳米纤维的直径都分布在40～150 nm之间,添加到纤维中的Al2O3主要以非晶态形式分布于铁氧体晶粒边界;随着Al2O3添加量的增加,可观察到γ-Fe2O3相逐渐析出,Ni-Zn铁氧体的晶格常数单调减小,说明有一些Al2O3进入到尖晶石晶格中取代了B位的Fe3+离子,Ni-Zn铁氧体的平均晶粒尺寸先增大后减小,在Al2O3添加量为8wt%时达到最大值39.2 nm;比饱和磁化强度和矫顽力随Al2O3添加量的增加呈现出相同的变化规律,先减小后增大,当Al2O3添加量超过5wt%时又开始变小。     

Preparation, characterization and application of KNH2/Al2O3 and KF/Al2O3 as strong solid bases

This review describes the preparation, characterization and application of KNH₂ loaded on alumina and KF loaded on alumina. These strong solid bases catalyze a variety of organic reactions in a very selective manner. The reactions include isomerizations of alkenes and alkynes, dimerization of alkynes, Tishchenko reaction, and the reaction of silanes to form of Si–C, Si–N and Si–O bonds.     

甲醇重整反应中Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂纳米Pt粒径与催化性能关系研究

利用硝基甲烷还原法在室温条件下得到了纳米Pt粒径可控的担载Pt/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂, 并利用甲醇重整反应为反应探针考察了Pt粒径与催化反应性能之间的关系, 发现催化反应的性能与担载贵金属颗粒粒径之间存在明显的相关性. 通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)等测试手段对催化剂进行表征, 发现钠米Pt的粒径大小不但影响甲醇重整反应的活性, 同时也影响反应的选择性, 即催化剂的催化性能与担载贵金属粒径之间存在明显的尺度效应.     

Mn / Ce / La / Al2O3催化剂中锰物种的精细结构研究

采用浸渍法制备了La、Ce助剂改性的γ-Al₂O₃负载锰氧化物催化剂，运用XANES、EXAFS、XRD、XPS和H₂-TPR等方法对催化剂的结构进行了表征，探讨了助剂对于催化剂中高分散Mn物种的精细结构、分散状态和存在形式的影响，并与样品的CO氧化活性相关联。XANES和EXAFS结果表明，500 ℃焙烧的样品中Mn物种主要以超细Mn₂O₃微晶形式存在，该物种由于高度分散使其配位对称性显著降低，无长程有序结构。TPR结果表明，样品中存在3种不同分散状态的表面Mn物种，即较难还原的Mn³⁺-O-Al³⁺相互作用物种，尺寸相对较大的三维分散的Mn₂O₃微晶，以及二维高度分散的Mn物种，后者是CO氧化反应的主要活性相。虽然Ce的加入使Mn物种的分散度有所降低，但Ce与Mn物种间的相互作用弱化了Mn-O键，加速了反应过程中活性氧物种的传递，提高了氧化还原循环的效率。同时，La的加入进一步促进了Ce物种在载体表面的分散，加强了Ce物种与Mn物种间的相互作用及催化协同性。