Effect of Fluorocarbon Side Chain on the Microphase Morphology and Rheological Behavior of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes

Chinese Journal of Polymer Science - Fluorinated diols (FDO) with dangling chain were introduced into polyether urethanes (PEUs) as chain extender in order to achieve internal plasticization. Based...     

Effect of the Extender on Form and Structure of the Thermoplastic Starch

The thermoplastic starch is a complete biodegradable plastic materials, in the fullstarch plastic the thermoplastic starch attained amount to 90% or higher. For the improve on machine properties, general added a extender of 5-10% according to the process method and/or claim of the use properties, the process and use properties of full-starch depend on a kind of the extender to a certainly extent1 As a type of polysaccharide compound, the starch contained a great amount of the polar group-hydroxyl (-OH), These hydroxyl on the chain bounded chain and chain closely together via association of the hydrogen bond, the chain cannot free revolve and twist, so it has not the thermoplasicity. But through thermoplastic denaturation of the starch, the plasticity agent breaked associated of the hydrogen bond between chain and chain, the starch chain may be freely revolved or tensional formation when is heated or forced. So it's plasticity2,3     

热塑性淀粉中氢键及其对性能的影响

热塑性淀粉中的氢键对热塑性淀粉的性能有决定性的作用．本文利用红外光谱分析甘油或甲酰胺塑化热塑性淀粉中塑化剂和淀粉间的氢键形成情况,发现在淀粉中,与塑化剂形成氢键的主要是C-O-C基团中的氧原子和C-O-H基团中的氢原子;而且过量的塑化剂之间会形成氢键,减弱塑化剂与C-O-C中氧原子的氢键作用．与甘油相比,甲酰胺可以和淀粉形成更稳定的氢键．X-ray衍射研究了氢键对两种热塑性淀粉在不同湿度环境下的回生性能的影响．结果表明甲酰胺可以有效抑制淀粉回生．热动态力学分析(DMTA)研究发现,氢键使甲酰胺塑化热塑性淀粉的玻璃化转变温度更低．氢键使甲酰胺塑化热塑性淀粉强度和杨氏模量低,但伸长率和断裂能大．     

Crystallization and Properties of Novel Polyurethanes Based on the Chain Extender Ethylene Glycol and Aromatic Diisocyanates of Variable Flexibility

Summary: Novel polyurethane elastomers (PUs) were synthesized with ethylene glycol (EG) as a chain extender. The macrodiol was poly(ethylene adipate) (PEA), MW = 2000 ± 50. Two isocyanates were employed: 4,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) and 4,4′-dibenzyl diisocyanate (DBDI). The conformational mobility of DBDI causes an unusually wide range of mechanical, physical and chemical properties, associated with the possibility of pronounced phase separation into a domain – matrix morphology, and with a higher tendency to crystallization and self-association by hydrogen bonding. Materials were characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA), and mechanical measurements. Results were discussed in terms of the effect of PUs crystallinity. In the case where the chain extender–diisocyanate couple was EG-DBDI, the hard segments were observed to crystallize. The DBDI based PUs displayed higher flow stress in the hard phase caused by stronger phase segregation.     

生物可降解医用聚氨酯及其应用

生物可降解医用聚氨酯由于其优良的生物相容性、降解性、功能化修饰和力学性能可调控等优点,逐渐引起研究者的关注,尤其在药物传递和组织工程支架等方面可望具有广阔的应用前景。结合本课题组开展的工作,本文综述了生物可降解医用聚氨酯材料在结构、功能化设计及医学应用上的研究进展,并展望了其在医学材料中的发展前景。     

环氧乙烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚基热塑性聚氨酯弹性体氢键体系的定量研究

氢键为热塑性聚氨酯弹性体内的重要键合力特征。该文基于氢键所引起基团的频移,以FTIR为主要的研究手段,并结合通过动态力学性能（DMA）研究所建立的评估硬段与软段之间混溶的定量方程,对所合成的以环氧乙烷－四氢呋喃无规共聚醚、2,4－甲苯二异氰酸酯以及1,4－丁二醇为原料的热塑性聚醚聚氨酯弹性体的氢键体系进行了定量化研究。结果表明,大约有30％的硬段混溶进入炊段相对软段的醚氧产生氢键作用,主要的氢键包括硬段羰基与硬段氨基之间的氢键以及硬段烷氧与硬段氨基之间的氢键,仍发生在硬段岛区内。     

蒽醌型蓝色扩链剂及其PUA共聚物乳液的制备与性能

首先以1-甲氨基-4-溴-蒽醌和2-氨基-2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇为原料,通过取代反应合成了蒽醌型蓝色扩链剂1-(1,1-二(羟甲基))乙氨基-4-甲氨基蒽醌(HMEMAQ),并将其与N,N-二(2-羟乙基)丙烯酰胺作为扩链剂合成出聚氨酯预聚体,然后经与甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯的接枝乳液共聚合制备出了性能稳定的共聚型蓝色聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯共聚物(PUA)乳液.然后用1H-NMR、FTIR、UV-Vis吸收光谱、粒度和电位分析、氙灯老化等方法对HMEMAQ的化学结构、PUA乳液及乳胶膜的性能进行了表征.研究发现,在N2气氛下,用偶氮类AIBN作为引发剂可以有效避免PUA乳液合成过程中生色基团的氧化变色现象.当AIBN用量达到不饱和单体的2 wt%时,接枝反应的单体转化率可达到99.9%.HMEMAQ用量对乳液的胶体性质和单体转化率没有明显影响.PUA聚合物和HMEMAQ的UV-Vis吸收光谱保持一致,最大吸收波长均为640.8 nm.与具有相同生色基团的共混型蓝色PUA乳胶膜相比,共聚型PUA乳胶膜的耐光色牢度和耐溶剂色牢度有明显的提高.     

Cast Polyurethanes: Effect of Chain Extenders on Thermal Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Properties

Effects of various diol chain extenders on thermal, mechanical, and viscoelastic properties of polyurethanes are discussed. Elastomers were prepared by using polyester (polyethylene-co-propylene adipate), toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, and α,ω-aliphatic diols. The properties imparted by the extenders are explained on the basis of the number of methylene carbons in the extenders. Butanediol-extended polymer showed superior properties, which are ascribed to regularity in the backbone chain of the polymer and ease of formation of hydrogen bonds.     

一种通过分子间氢键自组装的侧链液晶聚合物

一种通过分子间氢键自组装的侧链液晶聚合物邢佩祥，赵英英，汤心颐，姜炳政（吉林大学化学系，长春，１３００２３）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所高分子物理开放实验室）关键词氢键，侧链液晶聚合物，近晶相，自组装自Ｒｉｎｇｓｄｏｒｆ［１］等提出在介晶基团与主链...     

邻二氮杂苯-水复合物氢键相互作用的理论研究

The hydrogen bond structure and interaction energy on the ground state of pyridazine and water complex are studied with B3LYP and MP2 method. All calculations show that there are strong interactions for a hydrogen bond N…H-O and large red-shifts for the symmetric H-O stretching vibrational frequencies in the pyridazine and water complex. The first singlet 1(n, π ) and 1(π,π) vertical excitations of the monomer pyridazine and the hydrogen bond between a pyridazine molecule and a water molecule have been investigated with time-dependent density functional theory TDB3LYP method.     

Polyether-polyester and HMDI Based Polyurethanes:Effect of PLLA Content on Structure and Property

Thermoplastic poly(ether-ester-urethane)s were synthesized from poly(L-lactide) diols (PLLA diols),polytetrahydrofuran diol(PTMG diols),4,4'-dicyclohexylmetlhane diisocyanate (HMDI),and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) by a two-step reaction,and the morphology and property of the resultant TPU could be adjusted by varying the PLLA contents.The soft segment was composed of PLLA and PTMG diols.By controlling the percentage of PLLA in the soft segment,the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties of the polyurethanes could be regulated.Based on the FTIR spectrum,we found that two kinds of hydrogen bonding existed individually in soft matrix and hard domain.The hydrogen bonding in soft matrix was unstable,which could be destroyed during elongation.With in situ stretching WAXS and SAXS experiments,we found that the PLLA crystal was destroyed and the PLLA domain oriented along the stretch direction.Finally,we proposed a schematic model to illustrate the microstructures of these elastomers before and after stretch.     

水性聚氨酯硬段含量对其氢键相互作用及性能的影响

异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)作为硬段,合成了水性聚氨酯。 研究了硬段含量（质量分数）对乳液稳定性、膜耐热和力学性能等的影响。 当硬段质量分数低于26%时,乳液贮存稳定性较差。 随着硬段含量增加,聚氨酯膜拉伸强度迅速增加,断裂伸长率略有降低;红外光谱显示,自由的N-H伸缩振动峰强度减弱,氢键化N-H的振动峰强度增加;同时C=O伸缩振动峰整体向低波数方向移动,C=O伸缩振动峰峰形有明显的变化;DSC测试在50～125 ℃出现明显的氢键解离现象,吸热峰增强,证实了氢键作用力随着硬段含量的增加逐渐增强。 TG测试表明,水性聚氨酯硬段和软段分步解离,随着硬段含量的增加,硬段分解温度降低,水性聚氨酯耐热性能下降。     

氢键研究进展

氢键在化学、物理和生物等研究领域发挥着非常重要的作用。特别是反常蓝移氢键和双氢键的发现,更加引起了科学家们的广泛关注。着重介绍了反常蓝移氢键和双氢键的发展过程和最新进展。此外,介绍了一种简单而精确的氢键判定标准。     

Properties and Polymerization of Biodegradable Thermoplastic Poly(Ester-urethane)

Abstract

Aliphatic polyesters, such as poly(lactic acids), need high molecular weight for acceptable mechanical properties. This can be achieved through ring-opening polymerization of lactides. The lactide route is, however, relatively complicated, and alternative polymerization routes are of interest. In this paper we report the properties of a polymer made by a two-step process: first a condensation polymerization of lactic acid and then an increase of the molecular weight with diisocyanate. The end product is then a thermoplastic poly(ester-urethane). The hydroxylterminated prepolymer was made with condensation polymerization of L–lactic acid and a small amount of 1,4-butanediol. The polymerization was performed in the melt under nitrogen and reduced pressure. The preparation of poly(ester-urethane) was done in the melt using aliphatic diisocyanates as the chain extenders reacting with the end groups of the prepolymer. The polymer samples were carefully characterized, including preliminary degradation studies. The results indicate that this route to convert lactic acid into thermoplastic biodegradable polymer has high potential. Lactic acid is converted into a mechanically attractive polymer with high yield, which could make the polymer suitable for high volume applications. The mechanical properties of the poly(ester-urethane) are comparable with those of poly(lactides). Capillary rheometer measurements indicate that the polymer is processible both by injection molding and extrusion.     

取代基对1-甲基尿嘧啶与N-甲基乙酰胺氢键复合物中氢键强度的影响

使用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法和二阶微扰理论MP2方法对由1-甲基尿嘧啶与N-甲基乙酰胺所形成的氢键复合物中的氢键强度进行了理论研究, 探讨了不同取代基取代氢键受体分子1-甲基尿嘧啶中的氢原子对氢键强度的影响和氢键的协同性. 研究表明: 供电子取代基使N－H…O＝C氢键键长r(H…O)缩短, 氢键强度增强; 吸电子取代基使N－H…O＝C氢键键长r(H…O)伸长, 氢键强度减弱. 自然键轨道(NBO)分析表明: 供电子基团使参与形成氢键的氢原子的正电荷增加, 使氧原子的负电荷增加, 使质子供体和受体分子间的电荷转移量增多; 吸电子基团则相反. 供电子基团使N－H…O＝C氢键中氧原子的孤对电子轨道n(O)对N－H的反键轨道σ^*(N－H)的二阶相互作用稳定化能增强, 吸电子基团使这种二阶相互作用稳定化能减弱. 取代基对与其相近的N－H…O＝C氢键影响更大.     

Characterization of Novel Biodegradable Segmented Polyurethanes Prepared from Amino-Acid Based Diisocyanate

Segmented polyurethanes (SPUs) which were expected to yield non-toxic degradation products were synthesized from lysine-based diisocyanate (LDI), 1,3-propanediol (PDO), and polycaprolactone diol (PCL). SPUs were synthesized via a standard two-step prepolymer method. The hard segment fraction was changed in order to tune the mechanical properties and the degradability. The aggregation structures of the SPUs were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature dependence of dynamic viscoelasticity, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). DSC and dynamic viscoelastic measurements revealed that the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the soft segment increased with an increase in the hard segment fraction. SAXS of SPUs revealed the aggregation states of hard and soft segments. Furthermore, the degradation of SPUs was investigated by exposing the polymers to a buffer solution at 310 K (pH=7.6). The degradation rate of SPUs increased with an increase in the soft segment fraction. This is because the soft segment has the hydrolyzable ester linkages and the ester linkages are susceptible to hydrolysis compared with the urethane linkages. Finally, an electrospray deposition method was used to fabricate biodegradable SPU micro-fibers. FE-SEM images showed that higher concentration of solution favored the formation of uniform biodegradable micro-fibers without beads-like structure.     

取代基对N-H…O=C氢键三聚体中氢键强度的影响

使用MP2方法研究了氢键三聚体中N—H…O=C氢键强度, 探讨了氢键受体分子中不同取代基对N—H…O=C氢键强度的影响. 研究表明, 不同取代基对氢键三聚体中N—H…O=C氢键强度的影响是不同的: 取代基为供电子基团, 氢键键长r(H…O)缩短, 氢键强度增强; 取代基为吸电子基团, 氢键键长r(H…O)伸长, 氢键强度减弱. 自然键轨道(NBO)分析表明, N—H…O=C氢键强度越强, 氢键中氢原子的正电荷越多, 氧原子的负电荷越多, 质子供体和受体分子间的电荷转移越多. 供电子基团使N—H…O=C氢键中氧原子的孤对电子n(O)对N—H的反键轨道滓*(N—H)的二阶相互作用稳定化能增加, 吸电子基团使这种二阶相互作用稳定化能减小. 取代基对与其相近的N—H…O=C氢键影响更大.     

Hydrogen Bond Cooperative Effect in Single Cage Water Clusters

In this paper, DFT method was used to study the relative stability of hydrogen bonding networks of numerous 512, 51262 and 435663 water cluster isomers. Herein we introduced an optimized six-digit definition to characterize diverse sub-grouped hydrogen bonds to consider the cooperative effect of the nearest and nextnearest neighbor water molecules. There are totally 74 kinds of sub-grouped hydrogen bonds in cage hydrate clusters, and these energies can be obtained by iterative calculations. This improvement effectively explains some regularity contained in hydrogen bonding cooperative effect. In general, donor or acceptor fragment sharing identical value of three independent digits usually performs poor cooperative effect, indicating that the existence of those same-digital-array fragments is the necessary condition to judge poor cooperative effect. Vice versa, the existence of different-digital-array is also the necessary condition to judge strong cooperative effect.