火车加速度测定的实验设计

加速度是力学中的一个重要物理量，它贯穿于整个力学，是连接力与运动的纽带．火车加速度的测定便是一项很好的课外实践活动．     

Z-pinch实验X光辐射过程一维空间分布诊断技术

在Z-piirch实验中，研制了由闪烁体薄膜、光纤阵列、条纹相机等组成的同时具有时间分辨和一维空间分辨能力的Z-pinch等离子体X光辐射过程空间分布诊断装置，诊断装置沿垂直于负载轴向的方向观测等离子体X光辐射的时空分布。利用狭缝实现X光辐射区域的一维空间分辨成像，通过选择狭缝方向可选择测量X光辐射过程沿负载轴向或径向空间分布。     

“闭合电路的欧姆定律”的实验设计

针对“闭合电路的欧姆定律”教学中的难点,设计了3个演示实验,通过实验演示,能调动学生积极思维,极容易突破难点。     

精确测定X光透镜发散度的实验方法

为了建立精确测定X光透镜发散度的实验方法,提出了有效X光源的概念,得到X光束发散度的准确值.推导出了X光束发散度的理论计算公式.零点扫描实验方法证明了理论公式的正确性.晶体转动实验方法测量了X光束的发散度,与理论值符合得很好,晶体转动实验方法应用到对X光透镜发散度的测定可以消除分析晶体不完整性的影响.     

谈实验设计如何提高学生的兴趣--从X射线系列实验得到的启发

结合Leybold X射线装置系列实验的若干具体实例，从仪器的设计思想、实验方法与思路的精巧安排、实验内容的选取等方面分析了提高学生对普通物理实验兴趣的方法，并提出了一些建议。     

晶体的X射线衍射理论--劳厄与埃瓦尔德的遗产

文章概述了晶体X射线衍射理论的发展过程，介绍了不同形式的衍射几何理论、劳厄方程、布拉格方程与埃瓦尔德作图法，讨论了它们之间的异同之处．文章还介绍了运动学衍射理论和不同形式的动力学衍射理论，后者包括达尔文的简化处理、埃瓦尔德的表述和劳厄的表述，并对其物理后果进行了讨论，强调了动力学理论所预言的电磁波在周期结构中传播所引起的能隙．     

X光辐射多群输运计算的电子温度人为散射迭代方法

分析了多群辐射数值的一些困难,提出了电子湿度人为散射迭代方法。对方法进行详细论述,并给出一些数值例子。     

含非晶相样品的X射线衍射无标定量相分析方法

提出一种以各物相的X射线衍射系数K为未知量组成的方程组求解K值,进而求解各物相含量的无标定量相分析方法.该方法不需加入参比物相,允许待测样品含有一个非晶相.采用了最小二乘方程组的抛弃平均法处理数据求其最优解. 关键词：     

一道难度较高的测定小灯泡额定功率的实验设计题

物理通报杂志社与河北省教育科学研究所合编的初三物理《学习目标与检测》一书有这样一道实验设计题目：小灯泡的额定电压为2．5V，其电阻为10Ω左右，要测定小灯泡的额定功率．现有器材如下：电源1个(电压6V)，导线若干，开关多个，电流表1个，电压表1个，2．5V小灯泡1个，10Ω的定值电阻R01个，滑动变阻器1个．请你选择器材用两种不同的方法测小灯泡的额定功率．每种方法只能用一种电表，只连接一次电路，要求画出电路图并简要说明实验方法．     

作为宇宙信使的X射线

60年前,里卡多·贾科尼团队用探空火箭首次探测到了来自太阳系以外的X射线辐射,从此打开了人类探索宇宙的一个全新的窗口。与我们所熟悉的可见光天空不同,在“看不见”的X射线宇宙,明亮的发光天体涵盖了黑洞、中子星、白矮星等致密天体,星系团和星系中弥漫的大量不可见的高温气体,以及各种剧烈的灾变事件。它们代表着宇宙中最为奇特的天体和极端的物理条件,如极强引力场、极强磁场和极高温。文章重点介绍最有代表性的X射线源,包括中子星和黑洞X射线双星、超大质量黑洞和活动星系核、星系团,以及伽马暴、超新星和潮汐瓦解恒星事件等爆发天体。     

Femtosecond Fiber Laser Based on BiSbTeSe2 Quaternary Material Saturable Absorber

Topological insulator materials, including Bi₂Te₃, Sb₂Te₃, Sb₂Te₃, and Bi₂Se₃, have attracted some attention due to their narrow band gaps, high carrier mobility, wide spectral absorption ranges and other characteristics.We report a new multi-compound topological insulator material BiSbTeSe₂ that, compared with the traditional topological insulator composed of two elements, can integrate the physic...     

基于径向基函数神经网络的线性衰减系数的重建算法

层析γ扫描(TGS)技术是非破坏性分析(NDA)中的一项重要技术.在TGS透射测量中,线性衰减系数值的图像重建问题是TGS的难点和核心问题.在文[1]的基础上,提出了将神经网络方法应用于TGS重建线性衰减系数图像的算法.计算机上的仿真模拟结果表明,在一定范围内,径向基函数(RBF)神经网络方法重建的线性衰减系数值与实际值的相对误差小于4%,且具有快速、高精度等优点,表明了此方法的有效性.     

Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Using Vanadium Oxide as Saturable Absorber

A mode-locked erbium doped fiber laser(EDFL) is demonstrated using the vanadium oxide(V_2O_5) material as a saturable absorber(SA). The V_2O_5 based SA is hosted into poly ethylene oxide film and attached on fiber ferule in the laser cavity. It shows 7% modulation depth with 71 MW/cm~2 saturation intensity. By incorporating the SA inside the EDFL cavity with managed intra-cavity dispersion, ultrashort soliton pulses are successfully generated with a full width at half maximum of 3.14 ps. The laser operated at central wavelength of 1559.25 nm and repetition frequency of 1 MHz.     

Q-Switched Large-Mode-Area Yb-Doped Fibre Laser Using GaAs as Saturable Absorber

A passive Q-switched large-mode-area Yb-doped fibre laser is demonstrated using a GaAs wafer as the saturable absorber. A high Yb doping concentration double-clad fibre with a core diameter of 30μm and a numerical aperture of 0.07 is used to increase the laser gain volume, permitting greater energy storage and higher output power than conventional fibres. The maximum average output power is 7.2W at 1080nm wavelength, with the shortest pulse duration of 580ns and the highest peak power of 161W when the laser is pumped with a 25W diode laser operating at 976nm. The repetition rate increases with the pump power linearly and the highest repetition rate of 77kHz is obtained in the experiment.     

Q-Switched Ytterbium-Doped Fiber Laser Using Black Phosphorus as Saturable Absorber

We demonstrate a Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser(YDFL) using a newly developed multi-layer black phosphorous(BP) saturable absorber(SA).The BP SA is prepared by mechanically exfoliating a BP crystal and sticking the acquired BP flakes onto a scotch tape.A small piece of the tape is then placed between two ferrules and incorporated in a YDFL cavity to achieve a stable Q-switched operation in a 1.0 μm region.The laser has a pump threshold of 55.1 mW,a puise repetition rate that is tunable from 8.2 to 32.9kHz,and the narrowest pulse width of 10.8 μs.The highest pulse energy of 328 nJ is achieved at the pump power of 97.6mW.Our results show that multi-layer BP is a promising SA for Q-switching laser operation.     

半导体可饱和吸收镜作为被动调Q吸收体的发展状况

简介了近年来发展起来的若干种新型固体激光器被动调Q用吸收体：掺Cr4+系列，Cr，Nd∶YAG自调Q激光晶体，人眼安全激光器被动调Q用吸收体，GaAs吸收体，半导体可饱和吸收镜。着重介绍了固体激光器和光纤激光器调Q用半导体可饱和吸收镜的原理、研制方法及应用状况。     

Comparison of the laser-induced plasma of different metal targets as X-rays sources in vacuum

ABSTRACT

Laser-induced plasma is a good source of X-rays. It has much importance in different fields such as industry and medical field. In the current work, Nd: YAG laser was irradiated on metal targets (Al, Cu, Ni, Zn, Sb and Pb) under vacuum 10^?3?torr. Plasma plume is captured by the charged couple device. The emitted X-rays from plasma plume are detected by BPX-65 PIN photodiode through a proper biasing circuit and electrical signals are stored by digital storage oscilloscope (UNI-T UT2202C, 200?MHz). Energy was calculated from these electrical signals. The parameters of X-rays are strongly dependent on the atomic number.     

On the resonant diffraction of X-rays

Il Nuovo Cimento D - Data on the absorption by a crystalline powder of Ge and on the intensities diffracted by the (111) planes of a perfect Ge crystal were collected in the laboratory at...