金属材料分析方法的选择和施行——第四讲 金属材料中钛的测定（续）

2.6　钛的光度分析及显色试剂光度分析法在金属材料钛的测定中占有很重要的地位,而随着有机显色剂的研究和发展,可用于钛的光度测定的显色试剂也非常多。但能成功地应用于金属材料中光度测定钛的试剂却是屈指可数。主要的显色试剂有过氧化氢、二安替比啉甲烷和变色酸等。2.6.1　过氧化氢的性质及其与钛(Ⅳ)的显色反应纯过氧化氢是一种无色、有刺鼻嗅味、味涩且稍呈粘稠的液体。分子式为H2O2,相对分子质量为34.016,在20℃时的密度为1.43g·cm3,在压力为101.326kPa时沸点为152.1℃,凝固点为-0.43℃,此时凝结成四方晶体。它在4℃时的密度为1.…     

用二溴苯基萤光酮和溴化十六烷基吡啶测定金属材料中的微量钛

钛(Ⅳ)比色方法较多,但高灵敏度的却少。文献报导了二溴苯基萤光酮(4,5-二溴2,3,7三羟基-9-苯基-6萤光酮)的酸碱性和光度特性。在羰基和三羟基邻位上引入溴原子,可以改善它的分析性质。溴三羟基萤光酮与三羟基萤光酮相比较,前者与金属离子的显色反应更为灵敏。实验部分主要仪器和试剂: 1.72型分光光度计。 2.HSD-2型酸度计。 3.钛(Ⅳ)标准溶液:称取纯二氧化钛0.1667g于瓷坩埚中,加3—4g焦硫酸钾熔融,稍冷用(5+95)硫酸浸取并移入量瓶中,用(5+95)硫酸稀至1升。使用时再稀释10倍,即10μgTi/ml。     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行第六讲 金属材料中稀土元素的测定(续)

2.7.1.2偶氮氯膦Ⅲ1.试剂的性质偶氮氯膦Ⅲ(以下简写作CPAⅢ)的合成及其应用最早见诸于1961年的文献。其化学名为3,6-双(4-氯-2-膦羧基苯偶氮)变色酸,或称2,7-双(-4′-氯-2′-膦羧基苯偶氮)-1,8-二羟基萘-3,6-二磺酸,分子结构式为:相对分子质量(M.Wr)693.25,该试剂首先应用于铀的测定,其纯品为棕褐色粉末,微溶于乙醇,与偶氮胂Ⅲ相比较,在分子结构上,在两个2′-位上的-AsO(OH)2基团由-PO(OH)2基团取代,且在偶氮基团的对位引入吸电子基氯原子为其主要区别。应用于测定稀土时,在较氮胂Ⅲ有更高的灵敏度,更好的选择性,可在较高的酸性介质…     

铂(Ⅳ)-溴酸钾-三氯偶氮氯膦褪色反应催化光度法测定微量铂

不对称变色酸双偶氮试剂是分光光度法测定稀土元素的灵敏显色剂,三氯偶氮氯膦[2-(4-K-2-膦酸基苯偶氮)-7-(2,4,6-三氯苯基偶氮)-1,8-二羟基-3,6-二磺酸萘]应用于催化光度法测定微量钌和铑已有报道,但用于铂的测定未见报道。实验发现,在酸性介质中Pt（Ⅳ)对溴酸钾氧化三氯偶氮氯膦的褪色反应有明显的催化作用。     

甲亚胺-H酸测定硼的改进

甲亚胺-H酸〔1-羟基-8-(邻羟基苯甲亚胺基)萘二磺酸-3,6)〕已被广泛用作分析硼的显色剂。试剂需要预先合成,成品产率不高(约30％)。Basson等认为醛基和伯胺的缩合反应在酸的催化下是快速的,据此可以临时配制。试剂通常用水杨醛和H酸合成,但由于H酸难溶于冷水,且水溶液不够稳定。我们实验改用三乙醇胺在常温时能够较好地溶解H酸,加入抗坏血酸保护亚胺基可使试剂在24小时内颜色不变。按比例加入二溶液可得到所需试剂。由配制法所得甲亚胺-H酸     

以钛-二安替吡啉甲烷-变色酸三元络合物的形式分光光度法测定钛

变色酸(XK)、二安替吡啉甲烷(дAM)是测定钛的两种重要试剂。近年来ганаго等研究了钛-二安替吡啉甲烷-溴代邻苯三酚红及钛-二安替吡啉甲烷-变色酸的形式分光光度法测定钛。我们对后者进行了研究,经试验发现显色液中有白色针状结晶析出。我们加入了乙醇防止了沉淀析出并对多种离子进行了干扰试验。实验证明本法是一个高选择性、精密度较好的快速分析法。     

无机分析用有机试剂的分析功能团的研究——Ⅱ.锑试剂的分析功能团的研究

作者研究了三个类型的 Sb~Ⅲ“试剂:(1)含有酸性基的化合物,(2)所谓 Caille-viel 试剂,(3)含有两个邻位酚基的化合物。由结果得出,(1)和(2)两个类型的试剂的灵敏度不高,并且不能用变动结构式来提高灵敏度。第(3)类试剂,即含有两邻位酚基的化合物显然是最有希望的 Sb~Ⅲ试剂。它们的反应是相当灵敏的。作者制备了几类有色化合物,其中二羟基荧光黄和三羟基金色素是满意的 Sb~Ⅲ试剂。     

对氯偶氮氯膦与铝显色反应的研究及应用

3-(4-氯苯偶氮)-6-(4-氯-2-瞵酸基苯偶氮)-4.5-二羟基-2.7-萘二磺酸,简称对氯偶氮氯膦(CPA-PCl),是近年新合成的一种不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物:利用该试剂光度特性测定钪、钇、铋、镱已有报道,本文研究了该试剂与铝显色反应的条件及配合物的吸光光度性质。发现在微酸性介质中,试剂与铝可以形成2:1的蓝色配合物,显色迅速,色泽稳定,配合     

新显色剂二甲氧基羟基苯基荧光酮光度法测定钼的研究

在表面活性剂存在下,利用2,3,7-三羟基荧光酮类试剂与钼形成配合物的显色反应灵敏度较高,选择性较好,因此该类试剂是光度法测定钼的一类重要显色剂。目前已报道有水杨基荧光酮、苯基荧光酮、二溴苯基荧光酮、二溴羟基苯基荧光酮、邻羟基萘基荧光酮等。为进一步研究这类试剂并提高其分析性能,本文合成了荧光酮试剂——二甲氧基羟基苯基荧光酮(DMH-PF),学名是2,3,7-三羟基-9-(3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基)苯基荧光酮,其结构式为     

1,3-二羟基-2-萘甲酸乙酯与氨及苯氨的作用

在我们的工作中,需要知道含两个邻位羟基的芳香酸酯与氨作用的结果。据Metz-ner报告,将1,3-二羟基-2-萘甲酸乙醋(Ⅰ)与浓氨水溶液在封管中作用,所得主要产物据称是氨基-羟基-萘甲酸乙酯(Ⅳ),熔点168—172°,氨基的位置未经指明。将Ⅰ与苯胺作用,据称得到的是3-苯氨基-1-羟基-2-萘甲酸乙酯(Ⅴ)。对於化合物Ⅳ及Ⅴ的结构,Metzner除元素分析外,均无其它证明,但分析并不符合。按照他的反应条件生成     

Generation and detection of levuglandins and isolevuglandins in vitro and in vivo

Levuglandins (LGs) and isolevuglandins (isoLGs), formed by rearrangement of endoperoxide intermediates generated through the cyclooxygenase and free radical induced oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are extraordinarily reactive, forming covalent adducts incorporating protein lysyl ε-amino groups. Because they accumulate, these adducts provide a dosimeter of oxidative injury. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the generation of LG/isoLG in vitro and in vivo and the detection methods for the adducts of LG/isoLG and biological molecules in vivo.     

Enthalpies of solution of purine and adenine in water and in dimethylsulfoxide

Journal of Solution Chemistry - Enthalpies of solution of purine and adenine in water and in demethylsulfoxide were measured calorimetrically in the temperature range 25–40°C. ΔH s...     

Coassembly of Nanorods and Nanospheres in Suspensions and in Stratified Films

The entropically driven coassembly of nanorods (cellulose nanocrystals, CNCs) and nanospheres (dye‐labeled spherical latex nanoparticles, NPs) was studied in aqueous suspensions and in solid films. In mixed CNC‐latex suspensions, phase separation into an isotropic latex‐NP‐rich and a chiral nematic CNC‐rich phase took place; the latter contained a significant amount of latex NPs. Drying the mixed suspension resulted in CNC‐latex films with planar disordered layers of latex NPs, which alternated with chiral nematic CNC‐rich regions. In addition, fluorescent latex NPs were embedded in the chiral nematic domains. The stratified morphology of the films, together with a random distribution of latex NPs in the anisotropic phase, led to the films having close‐to‐uniform fluorescence, birefringence, and circular dichroism properties.     

Determination of diazepam and nordazepam in milk and plasma in the presence of oxazepam and temazepam

For studies on the excretion of drugs into milk a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay was developed to quantitate diazepam and nordazepam in the milk and plasma of humans and rabbits in the presence of their major metabolites, oxazepam and temazepam. Flurazepam was used as an internal standard. The assay involves extractions with diethyl ether and an additional acid clean-up step. Chromatographic separation was achieved by a LiChrospher 60 RP-select B (5 microns) column and KH2PO4- acetonitrile (69:31, v/v) adjusted to pH 2.80 as a mobile phase. The same extraction and chromatographic conditions were suited to both types of samples, milk and plasma. The limits of determination using ultraviolet detection at 241 nm was for diazepam 20 ng/ml and for nordazepam 15 ng/ml. The absolute recoveries of diazepam, nordazepam and flurazepam in human milk were 84, 86 and 92% and in human plasma 97, 89 and 94%, respectively. The within- and between-day accuracy and precision for diazepam and nordazepam in milk and plasma at all concentrations tested (20-1500 ng/ml) were better than 8%. The high fat content which occurs in rabbit milk presented no limitation for the extraction of lipophilic diazepam: the method was successfully used to monitor milk and plasma concentrations of diazepam and nordazepam in lactating New Zealand White rabbits during 26-h infusions of diazepam (1.4 mg/h).     

Comparison and correlation of in vitro, in vivo and in silico evaluations of alpha, beta and gamma cyclodextrin complexes of curcumin

In the present study investigated the effect of curcumin (CUR) alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) cyclodextrin (CD) complexes on its solubility and bioavailability. CUR the active principle of turmeric is a natural antioxidant agent with potent anti-inflammatory activity along with chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive properties. Poor solubility and poor oral bioavailability are the main reasons which preclude CUR use in therapy. Extent of complexation was β-CD complex (82 %) > γ-CD (71 %) > α-CD (65 %). Pulverization method resulted in significant enhancement of CUR (0.002 mg/ml) solubility with CUR α-CD complex (0.364 mg/ml) > CUR β-CD complex (0.186 mg/ml) > CUR γ-CD complex (0.068 mg/ml). Gibbs-free energy and in silico molecular docking studies favour formation of α-CD complex > β-CD complex > γ-CD complex. With reference to CUR, relative bioavailability of CUR α-CD, CUR β-CD and CUR γ-CD complexes were 460, 365 and 99 % respectively. CUR–CD complexes exhibited increased bioavailability with an increase in t_½, tmax, Cmax, AUC, Ka, and MRT; and a decrease in Ke, clearance and Vd values. AUC increase was CUR α-CD complex > CUR β-CD complex > CUR γ-CD complex. Significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between CUR α-CD complex and CUR γ-CD complex by one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s post hoc test for multiple comparison analysis. Correlation observed between in vitro, in vivo and in silico methods indicates potential of in silico and in vitro methods in CD selection.     

Electrochemical Fluorination of Benzamide and Acetanilide in Anhydrous HF and in Acetonitrile

Electrochemical fluorination of benzamide in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride does not involve the amide group but occurs exclusively at the aromatic ring, yielding isomeric fluoro- and difluorobenzamides and 3,3,6,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-cyclohexadienecarboxamide. Electrochemical fluorination of benzamide in acetonitrile as solvent gives the same products, as well as benzonitrile and its fluorinated derivatives and products of hydrolysis and fluorination of acetonitrile. Electrochemical fluorination of acetanilide in anhydrous HF leads to complete tarring of the reaction mixture, while its fluorination in acetonitrile results in selective formation of m-fluoroacetanilide.     

Structure of dimethoxyamine in the crystalline and gaseous phases and in solution

Conclusions It has been established by the methods of x-ray diffraction analysis and electron diffraction analysis and measurements of the dipole moments and the birefringence that in the crystalline and gaseous phases, as well as in solution, N,N-dimethoxyamine has a gauche-gauche conformation, which is stipulated by a stabilizing nO-N-O* orbital interaction. The geometric parameters of the molecule have been determined.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2235–2242, October, 1986.