HS/GC-MS法分析胶基型嚼烟中的挥发性香味物质

运用静态顶空气相色谱-质谱法对22个胶基型嚼烟样品中的挥发性香味物质进行分析,并采用质谱数据库对挥发性香味物质进行定性分析。对顶空分析条件以及GC-MS条件进行了优化,提高了挥发性香味物质的测定灵敏度;对峰面积归一化结果大于0.1%的化合物进行定性分析,通过匹配度限定(≥85%)确认了65种挥发性香味物质;最后对样品进行了相似性分析和聚类分析。结果表明:22个胶基型嚼烟样品中的香味物质主要有酯类(18个化合物)、烯烃类(16个化合物)、醇类(9个化合物)、醛类(8个化合物)、酮类(7个化合物)、酚类(1个化合物)、酸类(1个化合物)、呋喃类(2个化合物)、烷烃类(2个化合物)、硫醚类(1个化合物),共10类化合物;不同胶基型嚼烟样品的品牌识别度高,同时口味对品牌识别有一定的影响作用。方法为进一步开发胶基型嚼烟制品提供了理论基础和技术支持。     

食品香料的新成员——杂环化合物

人们选购食品,除了关心它的营养价值外,还十分注意它的色、香、味。尽管大部分的香味(又称风味)物质没有营养价值,但食品香味的好坏往往决定了该食品能否为人们接受,能否促进食欲,从而对食品营养(即摄食和消化)具有间     

新型膜萃取／气相色谱-质谱法分析植物花香成分的研究

制备了聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)薄膜,并将其用于顶空膜萃取,对茉莉鲜花的香味成分进行了有效地提取和浓缩.将新型膜萃取技术结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析了茉莉鲜花的头香成分.共鉴定出45种化学成分,主要芳香性化学成分依次为芳樟醇(25.26%)、香叶醇(12.85%)、松油醇(8.42%)和2-氨基-苯甲酸甲酯(7.75%).与传统的水蒸气蒸馏法相比,新型膜萃取法不仅操作简便,而且具有较高的采样灵敏度,适于热敏性和易氧化的香味物质的高通量分析,分析结果可为配方、产品开发和调香提供指导.     

顶空固相微萃取GC-MS分析紫云英蜂蜜的香味成分

建立了顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析紫云英蜂蜜香味成分的方法。采用质谱谱库检索结合化合物保留指数定性分析色谱峰,面积归一化法进行定量分析。从紫云英蜂蜜中分离了68个组份,定性了其中的49个,占总峰面积的92.24%。紫云英蜂蜜香味的主要成分为醛类(61.2%)、醇类(14.29%)和酯类(2.38%)。     

化学感觉及其转导机制

化学感觉包括了红辣椒产生的灼烧感、椒样薄荷产生的清凉感、碳酸饮料产生的麻刺感和葡萄酒产生的涩感,是化学物质刺激到感受冷、热、疼痛等神经系统而产生的敏感性反应。化学感觉是一个相对较新的术语,最早称为共同化学感觉,后来又称为三叉神经反应。化学感觉与嗅觉、味觉相互结合形成一种独特的食品香味,尽管其他感官输入(例如质地、色泽和温度等)也参与整个香味形成过程。本文对化学感觉的基本特征、它与嗅觉、味觉的相互作用及其转导机制进行了概括介绍。     

酚的拓扑指数在色谱分析中的应用

图论基础上的拓扑指数在研究物质的定量结构-性质相关性(QSPR)方面发挥了重要的作用. 在众多的拓扑指数中,Wiener指数和物性相关性好,容易计算,应用范围较广[1].在色谱分析中,色谱保留指数作为定性指标的保留值是一种较为可靠的参数.本文选择了酚中具有代表性的15种酚及色谱保留指数,通过对Wiener指数(W),官能团位置指数(Sox)和酚上的甲基数(X-CH3)与色谱保留指数的多元线性回归分析,得到了良好的相关性 .可以说,当测得某一色谱保留指数时可估计其结构特性,进而为酚类化合物的定性分析提供有利的信息.     

烃基-3-噻吩硫醚的合成

噻吩与溴、锌粉依次发生取代,还原反应生成3-溴噻吩。在-70℃,3-溴噻吩与n-丁基锂反应后,再依次加入硫粉、卤代烃,在常温下分别反应1．5、2．5、2．5、3、3和3．5 h,分别合成甲基-3-噻吩硫醚、乙基-3-噻吩硫醚、丙基-3-噻吩硫醚、丁基-3-噻吩硫醚、烯丙基-3-噻吩硫醚和异丙基-3-噻吩硫醚,收率分别为82％、74％、71％、70％、73%和49％。这些化合物结构都通过IR、1H NMR、13C NMR和MS测试技术进行了表征,并对其进行了初步香味评价。结果表明,它们都具有肉香味的特征。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法分离鉴定烟草中5种糖苷类香味前体物质

采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法(UPLC-ESI MS/MS)并结合气相色谱-质谱法分离鉴定了烟草中5种主要的糖苷类香味前体物质。烟样经甲醇提取、XAD-2柱净化,得到初步纯化的糖苷,在pH 5条件下将其酶解,释放出糖苷配基。采用气相色谱-质谱分析并通过标准谱库检索确定了5种挥发性苷元;然后通过电喷雾质谱(负离子模式)确定糖苷母离子并作碎片离子扫描(MS2),确定了5种糖苷类香味前体物质的存在形式;最后采用UPLC-ESI MS/MS,以甲醇和乙酸-乙酸铵水溶液为流动相,通过RP-C18柱分离,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下,鉴定了烟草中5种主要的糖苷类香味前体物质,为应用液相色谱-质谱分析缺乏标准样品的糖苷类香味前体物质奠定了基础。     

一种新的自相关拓扑指数及其互补指数应用于不饱和链烃物理性质的QSPR研究

依据系统命名法的编号原则及不饱和链烃的结构特证,建立了原子的染色序数(ti),并在邻矩阵基础上由ti构建原子染色序数自相关指数(mR)及互补指数mR′,其中0R1、R、互补指数0R′1、R′,C原子个数(N)与炔烃的沸点、烯烃的热力学性质(标准生成焓、标准熵、标准熵和标准生成自由能)有良好的相关性,相关系数分别为0.999 2,0.999 4,0.999 4和0.994 1.该模型用于预测不饱和链烃的物理性质,计算简便,结果准确.     

用拓扑指数和神经网络研究有机污染物的生物富集因子

在修正Randic的分子连接性指数和连接矩阵的基础上, 定义新型分子连接性指数(mF), 并计算了239种有机污染物的分子连接性指数(mF). 用其1F构建了239种有机污染物生物富集因子(lgBCF)的QSAR模型, 该模型判定系数(R2)及逐一剔除法(LOO)的交互验证系数(Q2)分别为0.747和0.742. 而用1F和4个电性距离矢量(Mk)构建的五元QSAR模型的R2及Q2分别为0.829和0.819. 结果表明, 从统计学的角度, 该模型具有高度的稳定性及良好预测能力. 从此模型可知, 有机污染物BCF的主要影响因素是—C—, ＞C—, —O—, —S—, —X等分子结构碎片以及分子的柔韧性、折叠程度等空间因素. 将5个结构参数作为人工神经网络的输入层结点, 采用5∶26∶1的网络结构, 利用BP算法, 获得了一个令人满意的QSAR模型, 其R2和标准偏差s分别为0.987和0.157, 表明lgBCF与这5个参数具有良好的非线性关系. 从上可见, 新建的连接性指数1F以及电性距离矢量与有机物的生物富集因子具有良好的相关性, 可望在物质构效关系研究中获得广泛的应用.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。