钙钛矿型混合离子电子导体在能源转化中应用的研究进展

钙钛矿型离子电子导体具有良好的传导氧离子和电子性能,使其在能源转化过程中具有较好的应用前景,已成为人们研究的热点。本文综述了钙钛矿型离子电子导体的主要制备方法,并着重介绍了其在化学循环燃烧、氧气的分离、制氢、太阳能电池方面的应用。钙钛矿型混合离子电子导体可作为一种复合催化剂,应用于甲烷选择性氧化工艺,为钙钛矿离子电子导体应用新途径,同时为甲烷高效催化转化利用提供了理论支持。     

固体电解质质子导体的研究进展

介绍了固体电解质质子导体的应用、结构、质子传输机理以及国内外的最新研究进展,详细地综述了钙钛矿型和非钙钛矿型固体电解质质子导体的多种结构类型以及其质子传导机理的最新理论研究,同时分别介绍了两种质子导体的发展概况和面临问题,展望了未来质子导体的发展前景.     

钙钛矿同质结太阳电池研究进展

钙钛矿太阳电池制备工艺简单,效率提升迅速,被认为是最具应用潜力的新一代光伏技术之一。近年来,大量研究表明,钙钛矿光电材料可以通过自掺杂或外源掺杂的方式实现薄膜导电类型(p型或n型)的定向调控;而具有双层薄膜结构的钙钛矿p-n同质结可以通过薄膜双沉积技术制备,这为钙钛矿同质结太阳电池的设计与制备提供了技术基础。新型钙钛矿同质结太阳电池摒弃传统的电子传输层和空穴传输层,可简化电池结构,不仅有利于提升电池工作稳定性,降低成本,更能进一步释放钙钛矿太阳电池在柔性和半透明应用中的潜力,推动钙钛矿电池的实用化进程。本文围绕钙钛矿同质结太阳电池,综述了钙钛矿光电材料p/n特性掺杂和钙钛矿同质结的研究进展,讨论了钙钛矿同质结太阳电池的基本结构和工作原理,并对其当前存在的技术问题和应用前景进行了总结与展望。     

低成本、高性能钙钛矿电池有机小分子空穴传输材料

钙钛矿太阳能电池由于其高能量转换效率(最高报道认证效率为25.2%)、低成本和易于制造等特点,成为下一代光伏技术的关注焦点.虽然钙钛矿材料本身可以传导空穴,但其效率比较低.空穴传输材料的使用成为有效提取电荷和提高钙钛矿型太阳能电池效率的关键因素.总结了近期报道的低成本、高性能有机小分子空穴传输材料(效率大于19%),从螺环结构、噻吩衍生物以及其它结构进行介绍,并从合成策略和化学修饰等角度评估结构-性能的构效关系及其对器件效率和稳定性的影响,最后对有机小分子空穴传输材料的发展趋势进行了展望.     

钙钛矿型稀土氧化物的合成及其能源转化储存应用研究进展

钙钛矿型稀土氧化物价格低廉、结构可控、性质多样,在催化领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文从钙钛矿型稀土氧化物的结构类型、合成方法及电化学催化反应出发,总结了传统高温合成方法、火焰喷雾法、静电纺丝法和脉冲激光沉积法等几种最常用的合成方法,以及提升其氧析出反应(OER),氢析出反应(HER)和氧还原反应(ORR)催化能力的典型有效方法,概述了近年来钙钛矿型稀土氧化物在电解水、金属空气电池和固体氧化物燃料电池等能源转化储存装置的主要研究进展,进而对钙钛矿型稀土氧化物在能源转化储存领域的应用进行了展望。     

模板法制备钙钛矿型复合氧化物催化剂的研究进展

钙钛矿型复合氧化物由于其组成和结构的特殊性以及优秀的热稳定性、氧化还原性能、氧迁移率和电子离子导电性,近年来在催化剂领域引起人们的广泛关注.将纳米多孔设计策略应用于钙钛矿型氧化物,可以在各种应用中带来新的和优异的性能.制备多孔金属氧化物材料主要采用模板法,本文综述了钙钛矿型复合氧化物的结构特征以及使用硬模板法、软模板法...     

钙钛矿型太阳电池研究进展

自从2009年钙钛矿材料被应用到太阳电池领域,到现在仅6年的时间里,钙钛矿型太阳电池的光伏转换效率从约3%提高到20.1%,受到全球瞩目。 本文对近年来钙钛矿型太阳电池的发展进行了综述,介绍了钙钛矿吸光材料的性能及其制备,总结了钙钛矿型太阳电池器件结构及其内在机理,探讨了该类型电池待突破的方向和可能的解决途径,阐述了钙钛矿型太阳电池的进展历程,展望了未来发展方向。     

稀土钙钛矿型氧化物双功能催化剂的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

金属-空气电池具有理论能量密度高、可循环利用以及对环境友好等优点,但其氧还原反应(ORR)和氧析出反应(OER)的动力学缓慢,且依赖于昂贵的贵金属催化剂(例如,Pt或Ir),这都阻碍了其可持续商业化的发展进程。钙钛矿型复合氧化物由于其具有特殊的结构和灵活的可调控性而引起了广泛的关注。本文介绍了水热法与溶剂法、溶胶-凝胶法、静电纺丝法、固相合成法以及聚合物辅助法等含有稀土元素的钙钛矿型双功能催化剂的制备方法,并总结了各制备方法的优缺点。综述了含稀土元素的钙钛矿型双功能催化剂在常见的三种金属-空气电池中的应用研究进展。最后简要阐述了含稀土元素的钙钛矿型电催化剂在结构优化和应用等方面遇到的挑战,并对其未来的发展方向做了展望。     

用于选择性催化还原脱硝的钙钛矿型催化剂研究进展

在推进“双碳”目标背景下,人们的环保理念不断增强,对污染防治和节能降耗等问题的重视程度越来越高。选择性催化还原技术(SCR)是目前脱硝领域中的研究重点,该技术具有较高的脱硝效率,有良好的应用价值。本文综述了近年来钙钛矿型催化剂用于SCR技术的研究进展,分析了钙钛矿型催化剂的特性,分别对ABO₃型、负载型和掺杂型钙钛矿型催化剂进行了介绍,同时对钙钛矿型脱硝催化剂的常见制备方法进行了归纳,最后对钙钛矿型催化剂用于SCR技术进行了总结和展望。     

钙钛矿型氧化物的制备及其在固体氧化物燃料电池和金属-空气电池中的应用

本文对钙钛矿型氧化物的制备方法及其用于固体氧化物燃料电池(SOCFs)和金属-空气电池中的最新进展进行了较为全面的综述。制备钙钛矿型氧化物的方法有很多,包括盐分解法、固相法、共沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、水热法、反微乳法和模板法等。不同的制备方法可以得到各种形貌的钙钛矿型氧化物,如纳米立方体、纳米管、纳米棒、纳米片、纳米纤维和介孔结构。本文总结了这些制备方法的优点、缺点以及其适用的范围。作为一种重要的功能材料,钙钛矿型氧化物广泛应用于电极材料中。在SOCF中,重点介绍了阴极、阳极和电解质的研究现状,从电极材料的设计出发,比较了它们用于不同电极材料时的稳定性、电导率以及电催化活性,指出不足之处;在空气电极中,主要讨论了影响钙钛矿型氧化物氧的析出/还原催化活性和稳定性的因素。最后对钙钛矿型氧化物今后研究的方向和应用前景进行了预测。     

Photoredox Organic Synthesis Employing Heterogeneous Photocatalysts with Emphasis on Halide Perovskite

Lately, heterogeneous semiconductor materials have been explored as an emerging type of efficient photocatalyst for photoredox organic synthesis. Among these semiconductors, lead halide perovskite materials demonstrate unique properties towards excellent charge separation and charge transfer, extremely long charge carrier migration, high efficiency in visible light absorption, and long excited states lifetimes, etc., as proved in ground-breaking solar cell applications, garnering necessary merits for an efficient catalytic system for photoredox organic reactions. Here, the latest progress in heterogeneous semiconductor materials towards this endeavor is examined, with particular emphasis on lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) in photocatalytic organic synthesis.     

Synthesis of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite platelets by vacuum impregnation

In perovskite solar cells and optoelectronics, perovskite film morphology controls the performance of the device. Various methods have been developed to control the morphology and coverage of the perovskite films. In this article platelet type perovskite morphlogy was synthesized using low temperature vacuum impregnation of the perovskite solution CH₃NH₃PbI₃ resulting in complete coverage on TiO₂ film. Vacuum impregnation synthesis of perovskites has the advantage of low cost and low temperature which faciliates application in flexible electronics and solar cells.     

Application of supported perovskite-type catalysts for vehicular emission control

Catalytic control of auto-exhaust emissions is one of the most successful applications of heterogeneous catalysis, both in commercial and environmental point of views. Although noble metal-based catalysts have dominated this area, efforts were always put in towards development of low cost non-noble metal-based catalysts. With the recent need of closed-coupled catalytic converter, thermal stability requirements have also become more severe, leading to the search for stable catalytic materials. Mixed oxides, including those perovskite type compounds with ABO₃ structure have been extensively studied, mainly for their catalytic and electrical properties. Low surface area of these catalysts has so far been the most important limitation for their catalytic applications involving high space velocities, e.g. auto-exhaust catalysis. Various synthesis routes have been earlier attempted to improve their surface area, yet this was much inferior than the noble metal catalysts, dispersed on high surface area alumina. The in situ synthesis of these oxides on alumina is often associated with the formation of undesired phases, due to the reactive nature of perovskite precursors. However, alumina washcoat, commonly used for improving the surface area of ceramic and metallic catalyst supports, can be modified for perovskite applications. In situ synthesis of stabilized perovskites on modified alumina-washcoated supports offer high surface area and excellent catalyst adhesion. Although, it is difficult to ascertain the presence of pure perovskite type materials on support, such improved synthesis has resulted in remarkable improvement in their catalytic activity for their applications in auto-exhaust catalytic converters. This review presents our work on synthesis of various improved perovskite-type mixed oxides supported on modified alumina-washcoated cordierite honeycomb, their characterization, and detailed catalytic evaluations for possible application in automobile pollution control.     

Perovskite-related oxynitrides – Recent developments in synthesis,characterisation and investigations of physical properties

Since the first investigations of perovskite type oxynitrides with the generalised composition ABO_3?xN_x about twenty years ago, these compounds have become of growing interest. The incorporation of nitride ions in the perovskite lattice results in distinct changes in the electronic structure leading to unusual physical properties. In this article we report on new synthesis techniques, different analytical methods, progress in the structural characterisation by comprehensive diffraction techniques and local spectroscopic methods like XAS and NMR as well as state of the art theoretical investigations. Various physical characteristics like electrical and thermal transport parameters and dielectric properties are described. The thermal and chemical stability of oxynitride perovskites are investigated and their applications in different photocatalytic reactions are discussed.     

Crystallization and Microstructure of (Sm, Pb)TiO3 Thin Films Prepared from Sol-Gel Synthesized Solutions

A sol-gel route is developed for the synthesis of samarium modified lead titanate precursor solutions. The solutions are used for the deposition of thin films. After thermal treatment of the films, two crystalline phases are observed by X-ray diffraction analysis: an undesirable pyrochlore phase and a ferroelectric perovskite. These two phases are clearly distinguished in the film microstructure, showing a fined grained fraction of pyrochlore anda-axis oriented rosette grains of perovskite. The development of these phases as well as the evolution of the perovskite/pyrochlore ratio in the films is related to the chemistry of the synthesized solutions and the thermal treatment used for crystallization.     

蓝光钙钛矿发光二极管:机遇与挑战

金属卤化钙钛矿由于具有优异的光电性能(如:高电子/空穴迁移率,高荧光量子产率,高色纯度,以及光色可调性等),成为应用于发光二极管(LED)的理想材料。近年来,钙钛矿LED的发展十分迅速,红光和绿光钙钛矿LED的外量子效率(EQE)均已超过20%。然而,蓝光(尤其是深蓝光)钙钛矿LED的EQE以及稳定性依然相对落后,这严重制约了钙钛矿LED在高性能、广色域显示领域和高显色指数白光照明领域的应用。因此,总结现阶段蓝光钙钛矿LED的发展,并剖析其机遇与挑战,对未来蓝光甚至整个钙钛矿LED领域的发展至关重要。本文将蓝光钙钛矿LED根据光色细分为天蓝光、纯蓝光、深蓝光三大部分进行总结,回顾了三种LED器件的发展历程,并详细阐述了现阶段实现他们的主要手段以及相关的基础原理,最后分析了它们各自的问题并提出了相应的解决思路。     

Preparation of Nanosized Perovskite‐type Oxides via Polyol Method

Several perovskite‐type nanosized oxides were prepared via polyol‐mediated synthesis. The crystallinity of the materials was analysed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). While the “as synthesized” materials are amorphous or show very poor crystallinity, highly ordered materials could be obtained by annealing at 700 °C. Morphology of the materials was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Particle size of the materials lay between 20 and 200 nm.     

A Self-Assembled Small-Molecule-Based Hole-Transporting Material for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells have recently emerged as one of the most promising low-cost photovoltaic technologies. The remarkable progress of perovskite photovoltaics is closely related to advances in interfacial engineering and development of charge selective interlayers. Herein, we present the synthesis and characterization of a fused azapolyheteroaromatic small molecule, namely anthradi-7-azaindole ( ADAI ), with outstanding performance as a hole-transporting layer in perovskite solar cells with inverted architecture. Its molecular arrangement, induced by hydrogen-bond-directed self-assembly, favors a suitable morphology of the perovskite layer, reducing the effects of recombination as revealed by light intensity dependence, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence studies.     

Ultrathin Two‐Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Nanosheets with Bright,Tunable Photoluminescence and High Stability

Two‐dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite nanosheets (NSs) are attracting increasing research interest due to their unique properties and promising applications. Here, for the first time, we report the facile synthesis of single‐ and few‐layer free‐standing phenylethylammonium lead halide perovskite NSs, that is, (PEA)₂PbX₄ (PEA=C₈H₉NH₃, X=Cl, Br, I). Importantly, their lateral size can be tuned by changing solvents. Moreover, these ultrathin 2D perovskite NSs exhibit highly efficient and tunable photoluminescence, as well as superior stability. Our study provides a simple and general method for the controlled synthesis of 2D perovskite NSs, which may offer a new avenue for their fundamental studies and optoelectronic applications.