荷电膜的膜电位研究进展

膜电位的测定是表征荷电膜的传递现象的重要参数之一。本文简要介绍了膜电位理论基础,包括T. M. S.理论和不可逆热力学理论。分别阐述了关于离子交换膜、双极膜、两性膜以及复合膜的膜电位的最新进展,并提出今后的发展方向。     

透氢钯复合膜的原理、制备及表征

钯及其合金膜由于具有透氢性好和耐高温的特点,除了用作氢气分离和纯化器外,还可以用作脱氢、制氢等反应的反应器,以实现反应和分离的一体化,并提高转化率和选择性。本文综述了钯基复合膜的原理、制备及表征,并重点介绍了本研究组的光催化镀膜工艺。     

高分子纳滤膜的研究及进展

对高分子纳滤膜的发展背景以及国内外在这一领域的研究的研究进展作了详细的介绍。     

透氢钯复合膜的原理、制备及表征

钯及其合金膜由于具有透氢性好和耐高温的特点,除了用作氢气分离和纯化器外,还可以用作脱氢、制氢等反应的反应器,以实现反应和分离的一体化,并提高转化率和选择性。本文综述了钯基复合膜的原理、制备及表征,并重点介绍了本研究组的光催化镀膜工艺。     

纳米复合膜在膜分离领域的研究进展

基于纳米材料的独特性质,将其引入高分子膜所制得的纳米复合滤膜有望解决目前制约膜技术发展的“上限平衡”问题。 本文综述了碳纳米管、石墨烯、SiO2、TiO2、分子筛、ZrO2以及纳米银颗粒等纳米复合膜在膜分离领域的研究进展。 这些纳米材料对于提高复合膜的机械稳定性、亲水性、选择性、渗透性及抗污染能力等有显著的效果。 此外,对纳米复合膜的发展与应用做了展望,也对其研究中存在的问题和解决方法进行了阐述。     

Preparation of Zeolite X Membranes on Porous Ceramic Substrates with Zeolite Seeds

Zeolite X membranes were investigated by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis on porous ceramic tubes precoated with zeolite X seeds or precursor amorphous aluminosilicate, and porous α-Al2O3 ceramic tubes with a pore size of 50 200 nm were employed as supports. Zeolite X crystals were synthesized by the classic method and mixed into deionized water as a slurry with a concentration of 0.2 0.5wt%, having a range of crystal sizes from 0.2 to 2μm. Crystal seeds were pressed into the pores near the inner surface of the ceramic tubes, and crystallization took place at 95℃ for 24-96 h. It was also investigated that Boehmite sol added with zeolite X seeds was precoated on ceramic supports to form a layer of γ-Al2O3 by heating, and hydrothermal crystallization could then take place to prepare the zeolite membranes on the composite ceramic tubes. The crystal species were characterized by XRD, and the morphology of the supports subjected to crystallization was characterized by SEM. The composite zeolite membranes have zeolitic top-layers with a thickness of 10-25 μm, and zeolite crystals can be intruded into pores of the supports as deeply as 100μm. The experimental results indicate that the precoating of zeolitic seeds on supports is beneficial to crystallization by shortening the synthesis time and improving the membrane strength. The resulting zeolite X membrane shows permselectivity to tri-n-butylamine((C4H9)3N) over perfluro-tributyl-amine ((C4Fg)3N), and a permeance ratio of 57 for ((C4Hg)3N to (C4F9)3N could be reached at 350℃. Permeances of BZ, EB and TIPB through the zeolite membrane were also measured and were found to slightly increase with temperature.     

氯化锂为添加剂制得的疏水聚偏氟乙烯不对称微孔膜的形态结构及其膜蒸馏性能

结合膜的形态结构研究了以 LiCl为添加剂制得的疏水 PVDF膜的膜蒸馏性能。与来用水溶液高分子添加剂制得的PVDF微孔膜相比,膜蒸馏性能有了较大提高,尤其具有更高的截留率。制得的微孔膜的蒸馏通量已接近商品膜的膜蒸馏通量,表明以LiCl为添加剂制得的PVDF疏水微孔膜是一种适用于膜蒸馏的较理想的疏水微孔膜。     

PREPARATION OF SILICALITE-1 AND ZSM-5 ZEOLITE/ CERAMIC COMPOSITE MEMBRANES

ＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＳＩＬＩＣＡＬＩＴＥ┐１ＡＮＤＺＳＭ┐５ＺＥＯＬＩＴＥ／ＣＥＲＡＭＩＣＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＥＭＥＭＢＲＡＮＥＳＺｈａｎｇＬｉｘｉｏｎｇ，ＪｉａＭｅｎｇｄｏｎｇ，ＭｉｎＥｎｚｅ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｅｔｒｏｌｅ...     

Preparation of Zeolite X Membranes on Porous Ceramic Substrates with Zeolite Seeds

Zeolite X membranes were investigated by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis on porous ceramic tubes precoated with zeolite X seeds or precursor amorphous aluminosilicate, and porous α-Al2O3 ceramic tubes with a pore size of 50-200 nm were employed as supports. Zeolite X crystals were synthesized by the classic method and mixed into deionized water as a slurry with a concentration of 0.2-0.5wt%, having a range of crystal sizes from 0.2 to 2μm. Crystal seeds were pressed into the pores near the inner surface of the ceramic tubes, and crystallization took place at 95℃ for 24-96 h. It was also investigated that Boehmite sol added with zeolite X seeds was precoated on ceramic supports to form a layer of r-Al2O3 by heating, and hydrothermal crystallization could then take place to prepare the zeolite membranes on the composite ceramic tubes. The crystal species were characterized by XRD, and the morphology of the supports subjected to crystallization was characterized by SEM. The composite zeolite membranes hav     

Theoretical analysis of the performance of composite membrane consisting of the catalytic and nanofiltration layers

A model of the composite membrane consisting of the catalytic layer (CL) and the nanofiltration layer (NFL) is presented. It has been found that applying NFL on the permeate side of CL it is possible to enhance substantially the conversion of substrate into the product. The best performance is obtained for high retention of substrate and low of product. At higher values of volume flow and/or longer catalytic path the retention degree of product becomes negligible. The presence of NFL enhances the influence of distribution of the reaction rate constant, k, on the conversion ratio. Comparing to k = constant the positive effect is obtained if k increases along the catalytic pore, whereas negative—if k decreases.     

磷脂膜色谱及其在药物跨膜转运评价中的应用

磷脂膜色谱是固态基质上的有序磷脂分子单层体系采用色谱学方法仿真药物与细胞膜相互作用过程,可用来评价药物的细胞膜渗透性和活性。硅胶表面上的磷脂单分子层模拟了单层细胞膜,因此药物的磷脂膜色谱保留行为可用于预测药物与细胞膜的相互作用。目前考察药物跨膜转运的模型主要有正辛醇/水系统、脂质体/水系统、反相色谱（ODS）以及磷脂膜色谱。与前述3种系统比较,磷脂膜色谱除了具有高效、简便等特点外,同时能模拟药物与生物膜之间疏水作用力以外的其他作用力,因此对磷脂膜色谱的研究也越来越深入。由于药物细胞膜渗透性对其有效性和安全性起着关键作用,因此磷脂膜色谱在新药研发早期阶段的介入可以有效地降低后期候选药物的淘汰率,提高新药的研发效率。该文就磷脂膜色谱的研究及在药物跨膜转运评价中的应用进行了综述。     

高性能选择透过膜—载体膜进展评述

本文较为详细地介绍了质子驱动、热控制、光控制、氧化还原反应控制等载体膜的基本机能及作用原理。     

高效膜色谱的发展和应用

对新兴的高效膜色谱的基质材料、膜形态、分离机理以及应用进行了综述,并对其用于对映体分离作了展望。共７６篇。     

膜反应器在乙苯脱氢反应过程中的应用(英文)

以γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３微孔陶瓷膜构成膜反应器（ＣＭＲ），使用ＧＳ－０５工业催化剂，在工业过程的操作条件下，研究了乙苯脱氢生产苯乙烯膜的反应规律。与工业上的固定康（ＰＦＲ）过程比较，有膜反应过程产率可提高５％－１０％。在本研究的条件下，股反应的优化实际上就是催化剂反应活性和膜渗透性的匹配。     

A STUDY ON MEMBRANE PROCESS WITH |?-ALUMINA MEMBRANE REACTOR FOR ETHYLBENZENE DEHYDROGENATION TO STYRENE

The membrane reaction of ethylbenzene(EB) dehydrogenation to styrene(ST) has been studied by using K2O/Fe2O3 industrial catalyst and alumina ceramic membrane developed by our institute. In comparison with the packed bed reactor (that is, plug flow reactor, abbr. PFR) in industrial practice, the yield of styrene was increased by 5%~10% in the membrane reactor. Furthermore, mathematical modeling of membrane reaction has been studied to display the principle of optimal match between the catalytic activity and the membrane permeability.     

两种固定化金属螯合复合亲和膜色谱介质制备

以纤维素滤纸为基质,通过碱处理、环氧活化、偶联亚氨基二乙酸二钠、固定化Ｃｕ＾２＋后制得了大孔纤维素亲和膜。另外,在活化后的膜上通过共价交联覆盖上琼脂糖,制得了具有类似“三明治”结构且性能优于的复合亲和膜,装柱后分别制得固定化金属螯合亲和膜色谱柱。对两种亲和膜进行牛血清白蛋白等温吸附测定显示,两者的最大吸附量分别为１．１７ｍｇ／ｃｍ＾２和１．３０ｍｇ／ｃｍ＾２,与传统的琼脂糖凝胶类介质吸附量相当,表     

Preparation of mordenite composite membranes with seeding

Mordenite composite membranes were prepared by means of coating a porous α-alumina support with nanosized mordenite seeds followed by hydrothermal crystallization. A systematic investigation was performed on the influence of several factors such as ageing of the reaction mixture, alkalinity, salt addition and temperature on the formation of a mordenite membrane on the seeded support. The ageing of the reaction mixture reduces the growth rate of mordenite crystal along a-axis and b-axis but hardly influences the growth rate along c-axis. As a result, the boundaries between the surface crystals become a little larger with prolonging the period of ageing time. The growth rate of the mordenite crystal along individual axes increases first and then decreases with increasing concentration of sodium hydroxide. A higher alkalinity is unfavorable for the formation of a continuous mordenite membrane. The addition of salt in the reaction mixture has different effect on the growth rate of the mordenite crystal along each axis. With increasing the amount of salt, there was hardly influence on the growth rate along c-axis, whereas an obvious decline was observed in the growth rate along either a-axis or b-axis, which enlarges the boundaries between the surface crystals. The growth rate of the mordenite crystal increases more along c-axis than that along a-axis or b-axis with increasing temperature for hydrothermal crystallization. The use of a temperature as high as 473 K produces a membrane composed of bar-like crystals with larger boundaries. __________ Translated from Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 2005, 32(4) (in Chinese)     

聚偏氟乙烯膜的改性研究进展

主要介绍了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜在近年来改性方法的最新研究进展,从辐照改性、等离子体改性、共混改性和化学改性等几方面进行了详细介绍,简要介绍了PVDF膜作为离子交换膜的一些最新应用.     

“膜”法世界——膜材料的发展与应用*

膜材料作为新材料“十三五”规划专项工程之一,在工业和日常生活中起着非常重要的作用。依据材质不同,介绍了现有常见的有机膜、无机膜、新型膜材料,阐述了近年来膜在水处理、气体分离、电池隔膜和燃料电池等方面的应用发展,说明了膜材料在疫情防护材料中的用途,并对膜材料未来的发展做了总结和展望。     

正渗透脱盐过程的核心——正渗透膜

淡水资源已成为战略性资源,未来和平与可持续发展将与净水及淡水的获得息息相关。正渗透技术是目前国际上最前沿、最具潜力的水净化和脱盐技术,因其能耗极低而成为该领域的研究热点。正渗透膜作为正渗透关键技术之一,已经引发了新一轮的研究热潮。本文以正渗透膜的分离性能为核心概述了正渗透膜的发展历程,按正渗透膜制备方法进行分类,分别介绍了近几年来相转化正渗透膜、薄层复合正渗透膜和化学改性正渗透膜中的主要和新兴膜材料、结构特点及研究进展等,最后探讨和展望了正渗透膜今后的研发方向。