共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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为提高毒死蜱农药乳油中有效成分近红外光谱定量分析模型的精度和稳定性。采用联合区间偏最小二乘法(siPLS)结合遗传算法(GA)筛选特征变量,由交互验证法确定最佳主成分因子数及筛选的变量数。结果表明,从全光谱区优选出81个变量,主成分因子数为11时,能建立性能最优的模型,模型预测集的决定系数R_p~2为0.972,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.353%。研究表明,利用siPLS结合GA方法优选特征变量,能大幅度地消除农药乳油光谱变量间的冗余信息和无关信息,降低模型的复杂度,提高农药有效成分预测模型的精度及稳定性。 相似文献
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Pavel Pakhomov Svetlana Khizhnyak Vladimir Galitsyn Ekaterina Rogova Brigitta Hartmann Alexandre Tshmel 《Macromolecular Symposia》2011,305(1):63-72
In the frequency range below ∼150 cm−1, the longitudinal acoustic modes (LAM) localized along straight chain segments (SCS) of macromolecules emerge in the Raman spectra of linear semicrystalline polymers. The LAM frequency is inversely proportional to the SCS length; therefore, the LAM band contour reflects the SCS length distribution in a sample. The opportunities given one by the low-frequency Raman spectroscopy for studying the ordered structures in polyethylene are demonstrated and discussed. The illustrating material consists of both previously published and original data on nucleation and transformation of the ensemble of SCS in powder-like, gelled, and drawn ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. 相似文献
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《Analytical letters》2012,45(18):2931-2937
AbstractA rapid and accurate method is presented to determine CaCO3, SiO2, Fe2O3, and Al2O3 in cement raw meal using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) was employed to eliminate the scattering signal and partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to build the analysis model. The results demonstrated good performance by this approach for the determination of CaCO3, SiO2, Fe2O3, and Al2O3. NIR spectroscopy exhibits the feasibility to characterize the quality of cement raw meal. Compared with prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), this method is more efficient and safer. 相似文献
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The ability to control the molecular weight distribution of the created polyethylene in gas‐phase fluidized‐bed reactors is discussed. This objective is achieved via nonlinear model predictive controller utilizing the hydrogen feed rate as the only manipulated variable. The idea for limited usage of manipulated variables is to avoid economically unfavorable operations such as excessive purge and/or reduced production rate. The simulation results indicated successful implementation of the control algorithm to attain the desired molecular weight distribution. The success depends on the improved hydrogen activities inside the reactor by employing a modified catalyst that is responsive to hydrogen variation and allowing a wider range for hydrogen feed rates.
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Reliable model predictions require an appropriate model structure and also good parameter estimates. For good parameter estimates to be obtained, it is important that the data used in parameter estimation are informative. Alphabet‐optimal experimental designs can be used to ensure that new experiments are as informative as possible. This work presents the development of D‐ and A‐optimal sequential experimental designs for improving parameter precision in a molecular‐weight‐distribution model for Ziegler‐Natta‐catalyzed polyethylene. Novel V‐optimal designs techniques are developed to improve the precision of model predictions, and anticipated benefits are quantified. Problems with local minima are discussed and comparisons between the optimality criteria are made.
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该文研究了近红外光谱技术在红曲菌固态发酵生物量快速检测方面的应用。共采集了4个批次80个样本的光谱,采用氨基葡萄糖法测定生物量。为降低模型的复杂度和提高模型的预测性能,研究了遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)的光谱谱区选择方法,并建立所优选光谱变量的预测红曲菌固态发酵生物量的PLS模型。为说明遗传算法优选光谱变量的可行性,另外分别建立了全谱和相关系数法两种波长选择方法下的PLS定量模型,比较分析了3种方法所获模型的预测能力,并对GA方法优选的光谱波段信息与菌体成分中含氢基团的对应吸收进行分析。结果表明,遗传算法能在降低模型复杂度的同时提高模型的预测性能,其建模结果为Rc=0.998 3,RMSECV=3.580 2,Rp=0.993 1,RMSEP=3.643 7,参与建模的数据点由全谱的1 457个减少到585个,且模型预测精度相比FS-PLS模型提高了11.55%。研究表明近红外光谱技术结合遗传算法所建的PLS预测模型能够实现红曲菌固态发酵生物量的快速检测,从而为进一步实现在线发酵过程优化控制提供依据。 相似文献
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Krzysztof B. Be Justyna Grabska Nicole Plewka Christian W. Huck 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(21)
Future food supply will become increasingly dependent on edible material extracted from insects. The growing popularity of artisanal food products enhanced by insect proteins creates particular needs for establishing effective methods for quality control. This study focuses on developing rapid and efficient on-site quantitative analysis of protein content in handcrafted insect bars by miniaturized near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers. Benchtop (Büchi NIRFlex N-500) and three miniaturized (MicroNIR 1700 ES, Tellspec Enterprise Sensor and SCiO Sensor) in hyphenation to partial least squares regression (PLSR) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) calibration methods and data fusion concept were evaluated via test-set validation in performance of protein content analysis. These NIR spectrometers markedly differ by technical principles, operational characteristics and cost-effectiveness. In the non-destructive analysis of intact bars, the root mean square error of cross prediction (RMSEP) values were 0.611% (benchtop) and 0.545–0.659% (miniaturized) with PLSR, and 0.506% (benchtop) and 0.482–0.580% (miniaturized) with GPR calibration, while the analyzed total protein content was 19.3–23.0%. For milled samples, with PLSR the RMSEP values improved to 0.210% for benchtop spectrometer but remained in the inferior range of 0.525–0.571% for the miniaturized ones. GPR calibration improved the predictive performance of the miniaturized spectrometers, with RMSEP values of 0.230% (MicroNIR 1700 ES), 0.326% (Tellspec) and 0.338% (SCiO). Furthermore, Tellspec and SCiO sensors are consumer-oriented devices, and their combined use for enhanced performance remains a viable economical choice. With GPR calibration and test-set validation performed for fused (Tellspec + SCiO) data, the RMSEP values were improved to 0.517% (in the analysis of intact samples) and 0.295% (for milled samples). 相似文献
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Siripon Anantawaraskul Warawut Bongsontia João B.P. Soares 《Macromolecular Symposia》2009,282(1):167-174
Summary: Ethylene/1-olefin copolymers synthesized with multiple-site-type catalytic systems typically exhibit broad molecular weight distribution (MWD) and chemical composition distribution (CCD). These microstrucral characteristics can be described by the presence of several active site types, each of which produces chains with distinct chain microstructures. In this work, a new approach to identify the number of active site types and chain microstructures produced on each active site type was developed based on simultaneous deconvolution of the bivariate MWD/CCD information. Chain microstructures produced on each active site type are assumed to follow Stockmayer's bivariate distribution. The proposed approach was validated with simulated data of model ethylene/1-butene and ethylene/1-octene copolymers. 相似文献
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Ulli Stier 《Macromolecular theory and simulations》2002,11(1):58-66
A study of end‐to‐end coupling reactions of bifunctional linear prepolymers of the Schulz–Flory type is presented by use of Z‐transform. The application of Z‐transform allows one to derive exact expressions for the change of molecular weight distributions in dependence of the progress of the coupling reaction. After coupling the distribution is also of Schulz–Flory type, however, it depends in a relatively complicated manner on the extent of reaction of the prepolymer and on the extent of the coupling reaction. Further expressions are derived for various dependencies including the influence of the extent of coupling on the average molecular weights, chain lengths, and polymolecularity. By implementation of the Mark–Houwink–Sakurada equation, a correlation between intrinsic viscosity and the progress of coupling reaction is shown. 相似文献
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Montserrat Fortuny Mrcio Nele Príamo A. Melo Jos Carlos Pinto 《Macromolecular theory and simulations》2004,13(4):355-364
Summary: The deconvolution of molecular weight distributions (MWDs) may be useful for obtaining information about the polymerization kinetics and properties of catalytic systems. However, deconvolution techniques are normally based on steady‐state assumptions and very little has been reported about the use of non‐stationary approaches for the deconvolution of MWDs. In spite of this, polymerization reactions are often performed in batch or semi‐batch modes. For this reason, dynamic solutions are proposed here for simple kinetic models and are then used for deconvolution of actual MWD data. Deconvolution results obtained with dynamic models are compared to deconvolution results obtained with the standard stationary Flory‐Schulz distributions. For coordination polymerizations, results show that dynamic MWD models are able to describe experimental data with fewer catalytic sites, which indicates that the proper interpretation of the reaction dynamics may be of fundamental importance for kinetic characterization. On the other hand, reaction dynamics induced by modification of chain transfer agent concentration seem to play a minor role in the shape of the MWD in free‐radical polymerizations.
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《Macromolecular rapid communications》2017,38(19)
Molecular weight and dispersity (Ð ) influence physical and rheological properties of polymers, which are of significant importance in polymer processing technologies. However, these parameters provide only partial information about the precise composition of polymers, which is reflected by the shape and symmetry of molecular weight distribution (MWD). In this work, the effect of MWD symmetry on thermal and rheological properties of polymers with identical molecular weights and Ð is demonstrated. Remarkably, when the MWD is skewed to higher molecular weight, a higher glass transition temperature (T g), increased stiffness, increased thermal stability, and higher apparent viscosities are observed. These observed differences are attributed to the chain length composition of the polymers, easily controlled by the synthetic strategy. This work demonstrates a versatile approach to engineer the properties of polymers using controlled synthesis to skew the shape of MWD. 相似文献
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Federico Marini Mario Piacentini Luigi Campanella Paola Flamini 《Natural product research》2019,33(7):1006-1014
AbstractNear-infrared (NIR) and X-ray fluorescence spectra were recorded for 15 different samples of marmora, from the Mediterranean Basin and of different colours. After appropriate pretreatment (SNV transform + second derivative), the results were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) treatment with a view to differentiating them. The observed differences among the samples were chemically interpreted by highlighting the NIR wavelengths and minerals, respectively, contributing the most to the PCA models. Moreover, a mid-level data fusion protocol allowed integrating the information from the different techniques and, in particular, to correctly identify (based on the distance in the score space) three test samples of known type. Moreover, it should be stressed that positive results on the differentiation and identification of marmora were obtained using two completely non-invasive, non-destructive and relatively inexpensive techniques, which can also be used in situ. 相似文献
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采用近红外光谱进行无创血糖检测时, 样品背景变动造成的预测集样本与校正集样本量测体系不一致的问题是导致预测精度低的原因之一. 提出一种将母体背景作为变量引入回归建模中, 结合各个母体背景下的样本光谱信息构建三维光谱矩阵以提高校正模型稳健性的分析方法. 将平行因子分析(PARAFAC)与多元线性回归(MLR)相结合, 对人体三层皮肤模型的蒙特卡罗模拟实验和葡萄糖水溶液及其混合物的离体实验进行了验证. 实验结果表明, 与传统的单一母体背景所建立的偏最小二乘模型相比, 将母体背景作为建模元素采用PARAFAC-MLR法所建立的校正模型具有更好的预测能力和稳健性. 相似文献
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Dennis Chicoma Verónica Carranza Claudia Sayer Reinaldo Giudici 《Macromolecular Symposia》2010,289(1):140-148
Summary: This work deals with the in line and in situ monitoring of the changes in residual monomer concentrations and polymer particle size in the process of emulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) and butyl acrylate (BuA) over the sections of a novel tubular reactor (pulsed sieve plate continuous reactor, PSPC) using NIR spectroscopy. Off-line measurements (gas chromatographic, gravimetric and dynamic light scattering) were used as reference for the development of the multivariate PLS calibration model. All NIR spectra were on-line collected with an IFS 28/N Bruker spectrometer using a probe (transflectance mode) immersed into the reaction medium. The calibration model and validation data were analyzed using the OPUS/QUANT software. The results indicated that there exists a good agreement between values from the NIR calibration models and the off-line reference measured experimental data. Moreover, the on-line NIR can detect efficiently the occurrence of disturbances during the polymerization reaction, a useful tool for the improving the process safety. 相似文献
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超高分子量聚乙烯纤维只有经过多级牵伸,才能成为高强度、高模量的高性能纤维。在牵伸工艺中涉及到牵伸温度及牵伸倍率两个工艺参数。本文从牵伸温度角度出发,采用多级牵伸得到了高性能聚乙烯纤维,利用强伸仪、DSC等表征手段,系统地研究了各级牵伸温度对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维性能影响规律,探索最佳牵伸温度组合。本项研究表明,牵伸温度直接影响最大牵伸倍率,最终影响到纤维的力学性能,采用三级牵伸可以使纤维力学性能达到较高水平,最佳温度组合为137.5℃—147.3℃—147.3℃,纤维强度32cN.dtex-1。 相似文献