Detection of Coronary Artery Disease Using Multi-Domain Feature Fusion of Multi-Channel Heart Sound Signals

Heart sound signals reflect valuable information about heart condition. Previous studies have suggested that the information contained in single-channel heart sound signals can be used to detect coronary artery disease (CAD). But accuracy based on single-channel heart sound signal is not satisfactory. This paper proposed a method based on multi-domain feature fusion of multi-channel heart sound signals, in which entropy features and cross entropy features are also included. A total of 36 subjects enrolled in the data collection, including 21 CAD patients and 15 non-CAD subjects. For each subject, five-channel heart sound signals were recorded synchronously for 5 min. After data segmentation and quality evaluation, 553 samples were left in the CAD group and 438 samples in the non-CAD group. The time-domain, frequency-domain, entropy, and cross entropy features were extracted. After feature selection, the optimal feature set was fed into the support vector machine for classification. The results showed that from single-channel to multi-channel, the classification accuracy has increased from 78.75% to 86.70%. After adding entropy features and cross entropy features, the classification accuracy continued to increase to 90.92%. The study indicated that the method based on multi-domain feature fusion of multi-channel heart sound signals could provide more information for CAD detection, and entropy features and cross entropy features played an important role in it.     

基于小波包能量熵和Fisher判别的油纸绝缘老化拉曼光谱诊断

准确诊断油纸绝缘材料的老化程度是保证油纸绝缘设备安全运行的重要技术手段。拉曼光谱在物质成分分析及状态诊断领域已经普遍应用。结合实验室搭建的油纸绝缘拉曼光谱分析平台,根据绝缘纸的平均聚合度将加速热老化实验获得的油纸样本分为四个老化阶段。通过对不同老化样本拉曼光谱所包含的能量信息分析,运用小波包能量熵提取特征量,结合Fisher判别法构造判别函数,建立基于拉曼光谱老化特征量的油纸绝缘老化诊断模型,并收集现场变压器油样验证诊断模型的泛化能力。结果表明,两个判别函数能区分不同老化阶段的绝缘油样,对于老化样本的判别正确率达到84.2%。拉曼光谱结合小波包能量熵和Fisher判别分析法能够有效地对油纸绝缘老化状态进行诊断。     

Multi-Source Information Fusion Based on Negation of Reconstructed Basic Probability Assignment with Padded Gaussian Distribution and Belief Entropy

Multi-source information fusion is widely used because of its similarity to practical engineering situations. With the development of science and technology, the sources of information collected under engineering projects and scientific research are more diverse. To extract helpful information from multi-source information, in this paper, we propose a multi-source information fusion method based on the Dempster-Shafer (DS) evidence theory with the negation of reconstructed basic probability assignments (nrBPA). To determine the initial basic probability assignment (BPA), the Gaussian distribution BPA functions with padding terms are used. After that, nrBPAs are determined by two processes, reassigning the high blur degree BPA and transforming them into the form of negation. In addition, evidence of preliminary fusion is obtained using the entropy weight method based on the improved belief entropy of nrBPAs. The final fusion results are calculated from the preliminary fused evidence through the Dempster’s combination rule. In the experimental section, the UCI iris data set and the wine data set are used for validating the arithmetic processes of the proposed method. In the comparative analysis, the effectiveness of the BPA determination using a padded Gaussian function is verified by discussing the classification task with the iris data set. Subsequently, the comparison with other methods using the cross-validation method proves that the proposed method is robust. Notably, the classification accuracy of the iris data set using the proposed method can reach an accuracy of 97.04%, which is higher than many other methods.