一类无穷乘积的级数展开式及其应用

利用对数函数的相关不等式,类似于迫敛准则,证明了一个关于无穷乘积的无穷级数形式展开定理,其次利用这个结果给出若干应用和例子:如Wallice公式,正切函数和余切函数的Taylor级数展开式,以及一个改进了的正整数拆分估计式.     

基于Taylor级数的矩阵双曲余弦函数的数值算法

提出了一种基于Taylor级数的矩阵双曲余弦函数的数值逼近算法,为减少计算量使用了Paterson-Stockmeyer方法来计算矩阵Taylor多项式,对逼近误差进行了绝对后向误差分析以减少误差,并设计了算法可以较为快速且准确地求解矩阵双曲余弦函数,最后进行了数值实验,验证了算法的有效性.     

分段函数的分类及分离型分段函数与初等函数之间的关系

将分段函数划分为连结型分段函数，分离型分段函数和它们的组合形式三种类型，得到了分离型分段函数是初池数的充分必要条件，完整地解决了分离型分段函数与初等函数之间的关系，并且给出了初等函数在其行一截取集上的限制函数（截取函数）仍然是初等函数的结果。     

关于Taylor级数与Fourier级数的几点注记

Taylor级数与Fourier级数是两类非常重要的函数项级数,二者在发展与应用背景、展开条件、收敛性和展开的唯一性等方面不尽相同,本文对此作了一些总结与探讨。     

Taylor公式在证明不等式方面的几个应用

介绍利用一元和二元函数的Taylor公式得到的两个关于不等式的定理,可以很容易地解决一些初等不等式     

向量值系数Rademacher级数及其水平集

何和刘首次研究了平面上向量值系数Rademacher级数水平集的交集.他们的结果基于5个模不超过l的向量和的估计.本文继续研究高维空间Rademacher级数及其水平集.如果向量维数大于2,何和刘所用的估计方法失效.当Rademacher级数值域在全空间稠密或者等于全空间时,我们用面罩函数来研究该问题,以此考虑水平集的Hausdorff维数.     

初等与非初等函数的关系

首先对现行教材中初等函数的定义提出了商讨意见,讨论了高等数学教材中出现的形式上的非初等函数与初等函数的关系,并通过一些有代表性的例子加以说明.     

Cauchy中值定理与Leibniz公式的推广

引入辅助函数的方法可将Cauchy中值定理推广到高阶形式,即两函数n阶Taylor展开误差的比值等于在某点两函数(n+1)阶导数比值的形式;用数学归纳法可将Leibniz公式中函数的个数推广至任意有限多个.     

基于二阶指数混料模型的A-最优设计

使用最优设计理论研究混料试验的过程中,需考虑混料模型对应的函数向量。当函数向量为非线性函数时,虽可使用Taylor级数进行近似,但级数阶的选取必然使得误差的存在,给试验带来偏差。本文旨在使用最优设计理论,研究q分量二阶指数混料模型的A-最优设计问题,并得到了该模型下的最优设计。且从设计效率的角度,研究了不同分量下的A-最优设计效率,为确定设计优劣提供了一个依据,并给出了进一步可以研究的问题。     

缺项广义Dirichlet级数所表示的整函数的增长性

对于有限级广义Dirichlet级数所表示的整函数f(s),引进级ρ_R,型■_R,分别讨论它们与在水平直线上的级ρ_L,型■_L之间的关系．应用于,Taylor级数时,有类似结果．     

Rigid isotopy classification of real algebraic curves of bidegree (3,3) on quadrics

A rigid isotopy of nonsingular real algebraic curves on a quadric is a path in the space of such curves of a given bidegree. We obtain the rigid isotopy classification of nonsingular real algebraic curves of bidegree (3, 3) on a hyperboloid and on an ellipsoid. We also study of the space of real algebraic curves of bidegree (3, 3) with a single node or cusp. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 810–815, December, 1999.     

Toward eudaimonology: notes on a quantitative framework for the study of happiness

After noting factors (concern for others, ignorance, irrationality) accounting for the divergences between preference and happiness, the question of representing the preference of an individual by a utility function is discussed, taking account of lexicographic ordering, imperfect discrimination and the corresponding concepts of semiorder and sub-semiorder. Methods to improve upon the interpersonal comparability of measures of happiness such as pinning down the dividing line of zero happiness and the use of a just perceivable increment of happiness are discussed. The relation of social welfare to individual welfare (i.e. happiness) is then considered. Some reasonable set of axioms ensuring that social welfare is a separable function of and indeed an unweighted sum of individual welfares are reviewed. Finally, happiness is regarded as a function of objective, institutional and subjective factors; an interdisciplinary approach is needed even for an incomplete analysis.     

Creep of polymer concrete in the nonlinear region

Two polyester-based polymer concretes with various volume content of diabase as an extender and aggregate are tested in creep under compression at different stress levels. The phenomenological and structural approaches are both used to analyze the experimental data. Common features of changes in the instantaneous and creep compliances are clarified, and a phenomenological creep model which accounts for the changes in the instantaneous compliance and in the retardation spectrum depending on the stress level is developed. It is shown that the model can be used to describe the experimental results of stress relaxation and creep under repeated loading. Modeling of the composite structure and subsequent solution of the optimization problem confirm the possibility of the existence of an interphase layer more compliant than the binder. A direct correlation between the interphase volume content and the instantaneous compliance of the composite is revealed. It is found that the distinction in nonlinearity of the viscoelastic behavior of the two polymer concretes under investigation can be due to the difference in their porosity. Submitted to the 11th International Conference on Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, June 11–15, 2000.) Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 147–164, 2000.     

Absolute Continuity of Measures in the Class of Markov and Semi-Markov Processes of Diffusion Type

The property of absolute continuity of measures in the class of one-dimensional semi-Markov processes of diffusion type is investigated. The measure of such a process can be composed of two measures. The first one is a distribution of a random track, and the second one is a conditional distribution of a time run along the track. The desired density is represented in the form of product of two corresponding densities.     

Best approximation by downward sets with applications

We develop a theory of downward sets for a class of normed ordered spaces. We study best approximation in a normed ordered space X by elements of downward sets, and give necessary and sufficient conditions for any element of best approximation by a closed downward subset of X. We also characterize strictly downward subsets of X, and prove that a downward subset of X is strictly downward if and only if each its boundary point is Chebyshev. The results obtained are used for examination of some Chebyshev pairs （W,x）, where ∈ X and W is a closed downward subset of X     

The use of phase portraits to visualize and investigate isolated singular points of complex functions

ABSTRACT

Undergraduate students usually study Laurent series in a standard course of Complex Analysis. One of the major applications of Laurent series is the classification of isolated singular points of complex functions. Although students are able to find series representations of functions, they may struggle to understand the meaning of the behaviour of the function near isolated singularities. In this paper, I briefly describe the method of domain colouring to create enhanced phase portraits to visualize and study isolated singularities of complex functions. Ultimately this method for plotting complex functions might help to enhance students' insight, in the spirit of learning by experimentation. By analysing the representations of singularities and the behaviour of the functions near their singularities, students can make conjectures and test them mathematically, which can help to create significant connections between visual representations, algebraic calculations and abstract mathematical concepts.     

Schreier rewriting beyond the classical setting

Using actions of free monoids and free associative algebras, we establish some Schreiertype formulas involving ranks of actions and ranks of subactions in free actions or Grassmann-type relations for the ranks of intersections of subactions of free actions. The coset action of the free group is used to establish a generalization of the Schreier formula in the case of subgroups of infinite index. We also study and apply large modules over free associative and free group algebras. This work was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant No. 227060-04), Yuri Bahturin, National Science Foundation (Grant No. DMS-0700811) and Russian Fund for Basic Research (Grant No. 08-01-00573), Alexander Olshanskii     

On the Least Number of Fixed Points of an Equivariant Map

The problem on the least number of fixed points of an equivariant map of a compact polyhedron on which a finite group acts is considered. For such a map, the least number of fixed points and the least number of fixed orbits are estimated in terms of invariants of the type of Nielsen numbers. The estimates obtained are sharp. The results are similar to those of P. Wong, but their assumptions are essentially weaker. Some notations are refined. The proofs are constructive.     

Lie algebraic characterization of manifolds

Results on characterization of manifolds in terms of certain Lie algebras growing on them, especially Lie algebras of differential operators, are reviewed and extended. In particular, we prove that a smooth (real-analytic, Stein) manifold is characterized by the corresponding Lie algebra of linear differential operators, i.e. isomorphisms of such Lie algebras are induced by the appropriate class of diffeomorphisms of the underlying manifolds. The research of Janusz Grabowski supported by the Polish Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technology under the grant No. 2 P03A 020 24, that of Norbert Poncin by grant C.U.L./02/010.     

Generalized derivatives and nonsmooth optimization, a finite dimensional tour

During the early 1960’s there was a growing realization that a large number of optimization problems which appeared in applications involved minimization of non-differentiable functions. One of the important areas where such problems appeared was optimal control. The subject of nonsmooth analysis arose out of the need to develop a theory to deal with the minimization of nonsmooth functions. The first impetus in this direction came with the publication of Rockafellar’s seminal work titledConvex Analysis which was published by the Princeton University Press in 1970. It would be impossible to overstate the impact of this book on the development of the theory and methods of optimization. It is also important to note that a large part of convex analysis was already developed by Werner Fenchel nearly twenty years earlier and was circulated through his mimeographed lecture notes titledConvex Cones, Sets and Functions, Princeton University, 1951. In this article we trace the dramatic development of nonsmooth analysis and its applications to optimization in finite dimensions. Beginning with the fundamentals of convex optimization we quickly move over to the path breaking work of Clarke which extends the domain of nonsmooth analysis from convex to locally Lipschitz functions. Clarke was the second doctoral student of R.T. Rockafellar. We discuss the notions of Clarke directional derivative and the Clarke generalized gradient and also the relevant calculus rules and applications to optimization. While discussing locally Lipschitz optimization we also try to blend in the computational aspects of the theory wherever possible. This is followed by a discussion of the geometry of sets with nonsmooth boundaries. The approach to develop the notion of the normal cone to an arbitrary set is sequential in nature. This approach does not rely on the standard techniques of convex analysis. The move away from convexity was pioneered by Mordukhovich and later culminated in the monographVariational Analysis by Rockafellar and Wets. The approach of Mordukhovich relied on a nonconvex separation principle called theextremal principle while that of Rockafellar and Wets relied on various convergence notions developed to suit the needs of optimization. We then move on to a parallel development in nonsmooth optimization due to Demyanov and Rubinov called Quasidifferentiable optimization. They study the class of directionally differentiable functions whose directional derivatives can be represented as a difference of two sublinear functions. On other hand the directional derivative of a convex function and also the Clarke directional derivatives are sublinear functions of the directions. Thus it was thought that the most useful generalizations of directional derivatives must be a sublinear function of the directions. Thus Demyanov and Rubinov made a major conceptual change in nonsmooth optimization. In this section we define the notion of a quasidifferential which is a pair of convex compact sets. We study some calculus rules and their applications to optimality conditions. We also study the interesting notion of Demyanov difference between two sets and their applications to optimization. In the last section of this paper we study some second-order tools used in nonsmooth analysis and try to see their relevance in optimization. In fact it is important to note that unlike the classical case, the second-order theory of nonsmoothness is quite complicated in the sense that there are many approaches to it. However we have chosen to describe those approaches which can be developed from the first order nonsmooth tools discussed here. We shall present three different approaches, highlight the second order calculus rules and their applications to optimization.