Frequency resolution and discrimination of constant and dynamic tones in normal and hearing-impaired listeners

Frequency resolution and three tasks of frequency discrimination were measured at 500 and 4000 Hz in 12 normal and 12 hearing-impaired listeners. A three-interval, two-alternative forced-choice procedure was used. Frequency resolution was measured with an abbreviated psychoacoustical tuning curve. Frequency discrimination was measured for (1) a fixed-frequency standard and target, (2) a fixed-frequency standard and a frequency-transition target, and (3) frequency-transition standard and a frequency-transition target. The 50-ms frequency transitions had the same final frequency as the standards, but the initial frequency was lowered to obtain about 79% discrimination performance. There was a strong relationship between poor frequency resolution and elevated pure-tone thresholds, but only a very weak relationship between poor frequency discrimination and elevated pure-tone thresholds. Several hearing-impaired listeners had normal discrimination performance together with pure-tone thresholds of 80-90 dB HL. A slight correlation was found between word recognition and frequency discrimination, but a detailed comparison of the phonetic errors and either the frequency-discrimination or frequency-resolution tasks failed to suggest any consistent interdependencies. These results are consistent with previous work that has suggested that frequency resolution and frequency discrimination are independent processes.     

环丁烯砜的精制及其UV-Vis和FTIR光谱分析

利用吸附法,考察了活性炭、离子交换树脂精制环丁烯砜的方案,利用UV-Vis,FTIR,XRD对其进行分析检测,重点对环丁烯砜、环丁砜的FTIR谱图进行了解析.活性炭、离子交换树脂串联去除工业级环丁烯砜杂质的效果最佳.利用精制的环丁烯砜催化加氢,合成出了高纯度的环丁砜,转化率大于99.8%,为工业装置技术改造提供了实验依据.     

Vitrification of cultured and non-cultured expanded and hatched porcine blastocysts

The aim of this experiment was to examine the survival of porcine embryos following exposure or vitrification in EFS solution. The work was carried out on cultured and non-cultured expanded and hatched blastocysts. The viability of treated embryos was assessed by their ability to develop in in vitro culture. The results showed a higher viability of cultured expanded blastocyst (35.1 percent) vitrified in EFS medium compared to those non-cultured (12.5 percent). The proportion of cultured hatched blastocyst vitrified in this medium was 13.2 percent, while none of the non-cultured hatched blastocyst survived vitrification. It is concluded that: 1. The EFS solution was more toxic to hatched blastocyst than expanded blastocyst 2. The expanded blastocyst was a more suitable developmental stage for vitrification than hatched blastocyst. Moreover, we demonstrated that the survival rate of vitrified cultured pig blastocyst was higher compared to non-cultured.     

南瓜多糖的性质及光谱分析

采用热水浸提和乙醇沉淀的方法提取南瓜多糖,Sevage法除蛋白,活性炭脱色,对南瓜多糖的理化性质、提取率、含量、组成和结构进行了研究,南瓜多糖呈灰白色粉末,溶于水,不溶于有机溶剂。碘-碘化钾反应呈阴性,说明提取物为非淀粉性多糖。提取率5.34%,总糖含量为97.93%,紫外光谱扫描结果表明南瓜多糖几乎不含核酸和蛋白质;红外吸收光谱检测表明,在3433、2949、1749、1612、1416、1333、1238、1147、1101、1018、833、763、637、536、427cm^-1处表现为典型的多糖特征吸收峰;南瓜多糖是一种酸性多糖,同时存在呋喃环和吡喃环,该多糖是以α型糖苷键相连结的杂多糖。     

Neck and Shoulder Muscle Activity and Thorax Movement in Singing and Speaking Tasks with Variation in Vocal Loudness and Pitch

The aim of this study was to examine respiratory phasing and loading levels of sternocleidomastoideus (STM), scalenus (SC), and upper trapezius (TR) muscles in vocalization tasks with variation in vocal loudness and pitch. Eight advanced singing students, aged 22 to 28 years, participated. Surface electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from STM, SC, and TR. Thorax movement was detected by two strain gauge sensors placed around the upper (upper TX) and lower (lower TX) thorax. A glissando and simplified singing and speaking tasks were performed. Sustained vowels /a:-i-ae-o:/ were sung in a glissando from lowest to highest pitch (mixed voice/falsetto) back to lowest pitch and in short singing sequences at comfortable, low, and high pitches. The same vowels were spoken softly and loudly for about the same length. The subjects inhaled between the vowels. It was concluded that the inspiratory phased STM and SC muscles produced a counterforce to compression of upper TX at high pitches in glissando. STM and SC were activated to higher levels during phonation than in inhalation. As breathing demands were reduced, STM and SC activity was lowered and the respiratory phasing of peak amplitude changed to inhalation. TR contributed to exhalation in demanding singing with long breathing cycles, but it was less active in singing tasks with short breathing cycles and was essentially inactive in simplified speaking tasks.     

对氯甲苯和对氯苯甲醛的气相色谱法分离分析

建立了用气相色谱同时测定对氯甲苯和对氯苯甲醛的方法.选用HP-INNOWAX毛细管色谱柱,以氯苯为内标物,在选定的色谱条件下,反应物对氯甲苯和产物对氯苯甲醛均有较广的线性范围,测定结果标准偏差均为0.44%,相对标准偏差分别为0.59%和1.69%.该方法快速、简便,重复性较好,适用于常规的检测分析.     

一种喷射式快速启动制冷器的研制

为了提高红外探测器用制冷器的启动时间,研究设计了一种新型喷射式快速启动制冷器。这种制冷器带有两级制冷,比传统的单级制冷器启动时间更短,采用多层换热管结构和多个节流孔技术,极大地提高了其换热效率和降温时间。对这种制冷器的工作原理进行了分析,确定了影响其启动时间的因素。设计了一系列试验,测试得出了这种制冷器在不同氮气压力下的启动时间。该实验结果表明,这种制冷器能在数秒内达到77K,实现了快速启动,并对更进一步提高其启动时间的方法提出了建议。     

Interactions Between an Ionic Liquid and Silica,Silica and Silica,and Rubber and Silica and Their Effects on the Properties of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites

An investigation of the effect of an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMI), on the properties of silica reinforced styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), aimed to correlate the interactions between the ionic liquid and silica, silica and silica, and silica and rubber with the macro-properties and microstructure of SBR and SBR/silica vulcanizates is described. The interaction between the ionic liquid and silica was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the interaction between silica and silica was characterized by a rubber processing analyzer (RPA), and the interaction between rubber and silica was characterized by the bound rubber content. The FTIR analysis revealed that BMI can react with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of silica, improving the compatibility between the rubber and silica. The RPA and bound rubber testing indicated that the interactions between silica and silica particles were weakened and the interaction between silica and rubber increased with the incorporation of BMI into the SBR rubber. The bound rubber content showed a maximum with a BMI content of 3 phr. At the same time, the dispersion of silica in SBR was improved with the incorporation of BMI. With the increase of BMI content, the curing rate was greatly improved and the crosslink density increased. BMI also increased the tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the SBR vulcanizates. Most important, the BMI significantly improved the dynamic properties of the rubber composites, especially the wet-skid resistance and rolling resistance. However, excessive BMI (beyond 3 phr) acted as a plasticizer and was detrimental to the mechanical properties, resulting in a decrease of tensile strength and abrasion resistance.     

Morphology-controlled synthesis and characterization of urchin-like CdS and nanowire

Novel urchin-like CdS was synthesized via a facile solvothermal route without any assistant agent. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron, and photoluminescence spectrophotometer. Based on time-resolved experiments, a possible growth mechanism of 3D urchin-like CdS microspheres was initially proposed. Furthermore, morphology control of CdS was achieved by adjusting the quantity addition of TGA to obtain the 1D CdS nanowires.     

Photosensitive dyes and self-detoxifying textiles: Degradation products and dye durability

The photochemical destruction of 2-(phenylthio)ethanol, a benign model for the toxic chemical, sulphur mustard, was investigated in both aqueous solution, and on a textile substrate. In both cases the first formed product was the sulphoxide, 2-(phenylsulphinyl)ethanol. Increasing the concentration of sensitiser did not necessarily lead to an increase in the rate of destruction of sulphide; which is attributed to the self-quenching of the reaction in the presence of higher concentrations of Rose Bengal. The oxidation of sulphide was more efficient on nylon fabric that had been dyed with Rose Bengal, than in aqueous solution; however, a significant quantity of sulphone was also formed on the fabric. The dyed fabric could be used repeatedly to destroy the model sulphide, although the Rose Bengal itself was gradually destroyed, but at a much slower rate than the model sulphide. The ability for the fabric dyed with Rose Bengal to destroy a biological organism was also demonstrated.     

铝锂合金样品的前处理及其Ag和Li的光谱分析

针对铝锂合金样品检测其Ag和Li,采用等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES)同时测定Ag和Li,火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)分别测定Ag和Li,单宁酸分光光度法(VS)测Ag,对不同的光谱测定方法进行了比较,证明了ICP-OES检测铝锂合金中的Ag和Li具有较高的抗干扰性。对比了三种不同的样品消解方法,确定了FAAS测Li采用王水溶样最佳,ICP-OES,FAAS和VS测Ag采用HCl+H₂O₂体系溶样准确度更高。详细讨论了样品中共存元素Al, Mg, Zr, Ti, Cu的干扰及消除方法。用氨水沉淀消除共存元素Al,Ti,Zr,8-羟基喹啉沉淀分离Mg和Cu的方法消除原子吸收光度法测Ag的干扰;采用磷酸盐沉淀分离Ti而消除原子吸收光度法测Li的干扰;采用与原子吸收光度法测银相同的消除干扰方法,消除上述离子干扰,滤去干扰沉淀后,用硝酸赶盐酸解蔽Ag+离子,同时分解消除8-羟基喹啉的颜色,以消除分光光度法测银的干扰。对比消除干扰前后的结果发现准确度显著提高,证明消除干扰的方法切实有效。将选择的最佳消解体系和干扰消除方法应用于铝锂合金样品的测定,ICP-OES测Li和Ag回收率分别在100.39%～103.01%和100.42%～103.73%之间,FAAS测Li和Ag 回收率分别在95.91% ～99.98%和98.04%～103.67%之间,分光光度法测Ag回收率在98.00%～101.00%之间,测定结果满足分析要求。     

Adsorption on metals and semiconductors: Anderson-Newns and Haldane-Anderson models

A comparative analysis of the Anderson-Newns and Haldane-Anderson models used for describing adsorption of atoms (molecules) on metal and semiconductor substrates was carried out. Common features of the models and differences between them were revealed. Adsorption of a single adatom and a submonolayer film was considered. The effect of various channels of interaction of adatoms on their electronic structure and work function of the adsorption system was discussed.     

楔形光纤与半导体多量子阱平面光波光路芯片的耦合分析

采用楔形光纤(WSF)实现了与半导体多量子阱(MQW)平面光波光路(PLC)芯片的高效耦合。在多量子阱-平面光波光路前置模斑转换器(SSC)和不加模斑转换器的情况下,用阶梯串联法(SCM)数值模拟并优化设计了楔形光纤-平面光波光路间最佳耦合参量:楔形光纤楔角45°、端面圆柱透镜曲率半径2.5μm、模斑转换器-多量子阱-平面光波光路出射椭圆光斑长半轴3.5μm、纵横比5、楔形光纤-平面光波光路间垂直方向和水平方向无偏移、纵向间距5.5μm。用反向推演法(IDM)实验分析了楔形光纤样品的出射光场,与阶梯串联法(SCM)计算结果相比长轴误差为3.125%,短轴误差为0.8%。建立楔形光纤-平面光波光路-单模光纤(SMF)的耦合实验系统,在1.55μm波长处以单模光纤作为出纤的相同条件下,发现楔形光纤激励入射平面光波光路比单模光纤和锥形透镜光纤(TLF)作为入纤的耦合效率分别提高了24.827 dB和16.22 dB,为多量子阱-平面光波光路芯片尾纤封装技术提供了实验原型。     

大蒜素提取检测及对肝癌细胞的灭活效果研究

采用溶剂提取法提取大蒜中的活性成分,探讨了不同酶解温度和大蒜捣碎粒径程度对大蒜素提取率的影响.通过正交试验,研究了硫酸钡吸光比浊法测定大蒜中大蒜素含量的最佳实验条件.在最佳实验条件下,体系的吸光度y与硫酸根离子浓度x呈线性关系:y=0.237x+0.002(r=0.9985).用MTT法对大蒜素提取浓缩液进行细胞活性检...     

Ultrasound-induced cracking and pyrolysis of some aromatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons

The action of intense ultrasound on solutions of decahydronaphthalene (decalin) or tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin) causes, in both cases, a dehydrogenation reaction at room temperature. According to thermodynamic calculations, temperatures as high as 500 degrees C are necessary to achieve the same results. The use of Pd and Se as dehydrogenation catalysts has confirmed the dehydrogenation reactions. Benzene and toluene sonication at room temperature causes aromatic ring breakdown with formation of acetylene and other products. The analogy with radiolysis was noticed. A thermodynamic analysis was conducted on the possible reaction products formed from benzene ring cleavage including polymerization products. It was concluded that acetylene formation from benzene is possible for instance at 650 degrees C only if it is accompanied by coke formation. Otherwise temperatures as high as 1700 degrees C are needed. The nature of the 'coke' formed during sonication is discussed, it was revealed by FT-IR spectroscopy to be a crosslinked polystyrene and hence it is a sonopolymer derived from benzene or toluene ring breakdown products reacted with phenyl and polyphenyl radicals. Again the striking analogy between the IR spectrum of irradiated polystyrene and benzene sonopolymer was noticed. The formation of poly-p-phenylene was excluded by the FT-IR pattern which did not match that of an authentic sample.     

Preparation and characterization of visible-light-driven titania photocatalyst co-doped with boron and nitrogen

In order to improve the photocatalytic performance of titania under visible light, a boron and nitrogen co-doped titania photocatalyst was prepared. Its photoabsorbance was measured by UV-vis diffusive reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The microstructure of photocatalyst was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microcrystal of the co-doped photocatalyst consisted of anatase phase and was approximately present in the form of spherical particle. The particle size was in correlation with the calcination temperature. Degradation of phenol under visible light illumination was used to evaluate the photocatalytic performance. The calcination temperature and the component influenced the photoactivity. The results showed that the co-doping of boron and nitrogen played an important role in the band gap decrease, which led to the rise of the photocatalytic activity.     

车辆寻北车长镜的设计与实现

 描述了一种车辆寻北车长镜的设计,采用2个光纤陀螺和2个加速度计,解决了惯性测量组件力学编排结构设计与寻北、瞄准线稳定共享陀螺信息的问题,设计系统控制流程和组合算法,在保障车长镜瞄准线稳定精度的同时,增加了车体方位平台非调平状态下任意位置的寻北功能,寻北方法是：车长镜方位固定四位置转动,每个位置点停止、延迟、数据采样、存储,四位置转动完毕后,对存储数据组合、滤波、解算,输出寻北结果。对方案设计、实现途径和解算推导方法作了详细论述,性能测试验证设计实现达到预期效果。     

Effect of ultrasound and enzymatic pre-treatment on yield and properties of banana juice

Effect of ultrasound and enzymatic pre-treatments with cellulase and pectinase on yield and properties of banana juice were investigated. A two-level full factorial design was employed. The factors selected were ultrasonication time (0 and 30 min), cellulase concentration (0 and 0.2%) and pectinase concentration (0 and 0.2%). The responses studied were yield, viscosity, clarity, total soluble solids (TSS) and pH. It was observed that pectinase was more effective in increasing the yield of juice compared to cellulase. Ultrasonic pre-treatment alone did not significantly increase the yield of juice. When ultrasound was combined with pre-treatment with both the enzymes maximum yield of 89.40% was obtained compared to 47.30% in the control. The viscosity of the juice decreased with addition of enzymes and with application of ultrasound. The clarity of the juice was not affected by cellulase treatment, but improved with pectinase treatment. Ultrasonication alone was found to be more effective than pectinase or cellulase treatment in improving the clarity of the juice. The TSS increased with enzymatic treatment, ultrasonication and their combination. pH was not affected by treatment type, but was found to be lower for the treated juices. Significant correlations were observed between the various responses.     

背散射及在线分析

背散射及在线分析盛京，周家敏（天津大学材料工程与科学系天津３０００７２）ＢａｃｋｓｃａｔｔｅｒｉｎｇａｎｄＯｎ－ｌｉｎｅＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓ￥ＪｉｎｇＳｈｅｎｇａｎｄＪｉａｍｉｎＺｈｏｕ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭａｔｅｎａｌｓＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＥｎｇ...     

曲安奈德益康唑乳剂型凝胶的制备及质量

制备曲安奈德益康唑凝胶,并对其进行了质量研究.选用卡波姆为凝胶基质,液体石蜡、吐温-80、司盘-80、丙二醇和乙醇等为辅料,制备凝胶,并对其性状、pH值和稳定性进行研究.制得的曲安奈德益 康唑凝胶pH 4.5-6.5,平均含量硝酸益康唑为100.1％,曲安奈德为99.8％.初步稳定性实验表明,样品在相对湿度（65士5）％,温度（30士2）℃放置3个月,外观、含量无明显改变.该凝胶剂处方设计合理,工艺简单可行,质量控制方法可靠.