光子存储原理与光致变色材料

光子存储是信息科学中的一个前沿课题。本文主要包括以下内容: 光子存储的4种方式; 光子烧孔、电子捕获、光折变和光致变色存储的原理和材料; 双光子三维光存储原理和材料; 可能的发展方向。     

基于石墨烯及其衍生物的信息存储:材料、器件和性能

石墨烯以其独特的二维结构和高的热导电性、高杨氏模量、高电子/空穴迁移率、高抗拉强度、大的布鲁诺尔-埃米特-特勒表面积和量子霍尔效应等优异性能,备受科研工作者的关注,迅速成为材料、化学、物理和工程领域的热点研究课题。与富勒烯(C₆₀、C₇₀)的功能化一样,利用共价键合修饰或非共价键合修饰的方法可以在石墨烯表面或石墨烯体系中引入功能基团或功能组分,制备出种类繁多的具有特殊光、电、磁和生物效应的石墨烯衍生物。以石墨烯作为数据存储介质的分子级别计算已经引发了一场信息技术产业的革命,它能在更小的空间上,使用更少的能源来存储更多的数据信息, 有望成为目前基于硅半导体存储技术的潜在替代或补充技术。基于石墨烯的存储器件展现出优良的数据存储性能、器件稳定性和可靠性,为使这类器件具有更好的实际应用前景,人们采用许多技术手段来调控和优化器件性能。本文综述了近年来引起广泛关注的诸如石墨烯、共价修饰的石墨烯、石墨烯基复合材料、石墨烯/无机材料异质结等基于石墨烯及其衍生物的存储器件及相关材料研究进展,以及石墨烯/还原的氧化石墨烯透明电极在存储器件中的应用。探讨了该领域存在的亟待解决的关键基础问题和未来发展方向。     

新型二芳基乙烯光致变色化合物的制备及其应用基础研究

<正>二芳基乙烯光致变色化合物在存储、显示、开关、防护、防伪及化学传感器等方面具有潜在的应用价值.本论文设计合成了一系列分别以2,5-二氢噻吩和咪唑为桥头的新型二芳基乙烯光致变色化合物,研究了该类化合物的光致变色性质,并探索了它们在光存储、光开关和化学传感器等方面的应用.     

光化学烧孔及其在频域光存储中的应用

光化学光谱烧孔是近年来发展起来的一种高新技术,在超高密度光学存储中有着光明的应用前景。本文着重从材料科学的角度介绍了其基本原理、材料特性及其在频域光存储技术中应用的最新进展情况。     

聚合物电存储材料及其双电极型存储器件

随着信息产业的高速发展,传统的存储技术已不能完全满足人们的需求。因此,对聚合物电存储材料与器件的研究应运而生。相对于传统的无机存储材料,基于聚合物的电存储材料与器件具有易加工、低成本、稳定性好、低功耗、可实现三维堆积以及高存储密度等优点,极有可能取代传统的无机半导体器件,显示出广阔的发展前景。本文介绍了聚合物电存储器件的一些基本原理及基本概念,并对存储器件几种主要的作用机制做了归纳; 根据器件的易失性与否,描述了闪存、一次写入多次读取及动态随机存储器件三类存储器件的存储特点,总结了聚合物电双稳材料及其在三类存储器件中应用的研究进展,探讨了这一研究领域需要解决的一些关键问题,最后展望了聚合物电存储材料与器件的研究和发展方向。     

可录型光盘与菁染料光存储媒体的研究进展

本文简介绍了可录型光盘光学数据存储过程和作为存储介质同的菁染料５的稳定性及其应用研究概况,学一些新型光存储技术作了简要评述,并讨论了可录型光存储材料的发展趋势。     

下一代能源存储技术及其关键电极材料

由于能源危机与环境问题,全球能源的消耗正逐渐从传统化石能源转向其它清洁高效能源。高效清洁能源的存储是电动汽车和智能电网的关键技术,对新能源、新材料和新能源汽车国家战略新兴产业的发展具有重要意义。锂离子电池是目前广泛应用的一种能源存储器件。电动汽车和智能电网对能量密度、功率密度、循环寿命和成本等方面的要求越来越高,传统的锂离子电池面临巨大挑战,发展下一代能源存储技术迫在眉睫。高能量密度的锂硫电池和锂空气电池,低成本、高安全性的室温钠离子电池受到了越来越多的关注。本文简要总结了近年来锂硫电池、锂空气电池和钠离子电池及其关键电极材料的研究进展,并对这些新型能源存储技术存在的问题和未来的前景做出了分析和展望。     

基于过渡金属配合物的阻变存储材料

阻变型电存储依靠外加电场作用下存储介质的导电性高低差异,即电学双稳态或多稳态来实现数据存取,并具有高容量、高柔韧性、低成本、低能耗、可规模化等优点,为下一代高密度存储技术提供新前景. 除了无机氧化物、碳纳米材料、有机小分子和有机聚合物半导体材料之外,近年来,过渡金属配合物在阻变型电存储方面的应用也引起广泛关注. 本文对迄今为止报道的大部分基于过渡金属配合物的阻变存储材料进行了总结和讨论,主要包括第VⅢ族金属[包括Fe（Ⅱ）、Ru（Ⅱ）、Co（Ⅲ）、Rh（Ⅲ）、Ir（Ⅲ）、Pt（Ⅱ）等配合物]、第IB族和ⅡB族金属[Cu（Ⅱ）、Au（Ⅲ）、Zn（Ⅱ）等配合物]和镧系过渡金属配合物[Eu（Ⅲ）及其它],并对各种配合物的存储行为和存储机理进行了探讨. 过渡金属配合物具有清晰可逆的氧化还原过程,通过改变配体的结构和金属的种类可以很方便地调节材料的前线轨道能级和能隙,利于形成电学双稳态或多稳态,达到二进制或多进制存储的目的,具有潜在应用价值.     

双光子吸收有机材料及其在三维数字光存储中的应用

信息技术的发展要求存储器件必须具备超高存储密度、超快存取速率以及长存储寿命.而目前普遍应用的光数据存储的存储密度已经接近其物理极限.双光子吸收技术以其强的穿透能力和高的空间分辨率能够实现多层存储,存储密度高达10~(12)bits/cm~3,但能否开发出具有大的双光子吸收截面的材料成为制约其发展的一个重要因素.本文在综述近年来双光子吸收有机材料研究的基础上,介绍了双光子吸收有机材料在三维数字光存储中应用研究的最新进展.     

蓝光有机存储染料研究进展

近年来,蓝光有机存储染料作为超高密度存储技术的核心已经日益受到人们的广泛关注,出现了与之相关的大量专利文献报道.本文介绍了卟啉染料、偶氮染料、菁染料、芪类染料和香豆素衍生物染料等蓝光染料的合成及应用,并对蓝光有机存储染料的发展趋势作了展望.     

基于扫描探针显微镜(SPM)的高密度信息存储

随着信息技术的飞速发展,高密度信息存储的研究成为国际上备受关注的研究领域。扫描探针显微技术（SPM）通过改变材料的光、电、磁等局域特性可以实现纳米尺度的信息存储,成为提高信息存储密度的最有效手段之一。本文从信息存储材料和技术角度综述了基于SPM的高密度信息存储最近的研究进展,并讨论了其将来的研究和发展方向。     

Materials for Optical Data Storage

The outstanding feature of materials research in the eighties has been the convergence of basic research and practical application, leading to ever shorter cycles of innovation. This is especially true of materials which form the basis of key technologies. The mass storage units of the next generations of computers will be based on optical processes having a storage density which exceeds that of all hitherto known storage techniques that are practicable from the technical standpoint. In view of the fact that since 1982 read-only memories in the form of compact discs (CD-ROM) have become very successful in the field of audio electronics, research and development are now concentrated on materials for write-once (WORM) and erasable (EDRAW) storage systems. Suitable materials for optical data storage are substances in which data markings can be recorded and deleted respectively using semiconductor lasers. Materials development is centered on the synthesis of infrared-absorbing dyes for WORM memories and the production of rare earth/transition metal alloys for magneto-optical data recording. An introduction to CD-ROM technology will be followed by an overview of the state of development of the most important storage materials which are currently available commercially, and then the properties of these materials will be discussed with reference to selected examples.     

自卷曲技术在微型储能器件上的应用

微型能源存储器件在可穿戴电子产品、微型自驱动探测器等领域有重要的应用前景,同时为研究储能器件电极结构、电子/离子传导率以及电化学动力学之间的内在联系提供了理想的平台。自卷曲技术是利用材料内部存在的残余应力而实现二维薄膜材料自行弯曲的一种方法。相比于传统微纳制备工艺,这种方法可以在微米尺度下将二维薄膜电极材料有序卷曲排列,为微型储能器件的制备提供了有效、便捷的途径。本文介绍了近些年自卷曲技术在微型能源存储器件上的重要进展,其中包括材料自卷曲的原理、自卷曲电极及其储能性质,并以此为基础,着重阐述了自卷曲技术制备单根管微型锂离子电池和电容阵列的应用实例。总结并展望了自卷曲技术在微型储能器件应用上的未来挑战和重要机遇。     

Triglycerides as Novel Phase-Change Materials: A Review and Assessment of Their Thermal Properties

Latent Heat Storage (LHS) with Phase-Change Materials (PCMs) represents a high energy density storage technology which could be applied in a variety of applications such as waste heat recovery and integration of renewable energy technologies in energy systems. To increase the sustainability of these storage solutions, PCMs have to be developed with particular regard to bio-origin and biodegradability. Triglycerides represent an interesting class of esters as the main constituents of animal and vegetable fats, with attractive thermal properties. In order to be used as PCMs, the thermal behaviour of triglycerides has to be fully understood, as in some cases they have been reported to show polymorphism and supercooling. This study assesses the suitability of triglycerides as PCMs by reviewing the literature published so far on their behaviour and properties. In particular, melting points, enthalpies of fusion, polymorphism, thermal conductivities, heat capacities and thermal cycling stabilities are considered, with a focus on LHS and thermal energy storage applications. In addition, the efforts conducted regarding modelling and the prediction of melting points and enthalpies based on chemical structures are summarized and assessed.     

含偶氮苯光学活性侧基聚合物研究进展

综述了含偶氮苯光学活性侧基聚合物近年来的发展概况 ,介绍了多种聚合体系的类型。由于偶氮苯光于活性侧基的存在 ,使得这些聚合物具有光致变色性、非线性光学活性、光学各向异性等光学性能 ,在光信息存储材料、非线性光学材料、液晶材料、光电子器件、生物分子活性光调控、纳米技术等诸多领域都有广泛的应用。     

Polymers for electrical and optical data storage

Polymers possess great significance in data storage technology. Taking as an example electrical and optical data storage, the state of development, properties required and opportunities for application of selected polymers are discussed, namely: (i) ferroelectric polymers with low switching voltages and extremely short switching times for electric data storage; and (ii) transparent polymers with low birefringence and high thermal stability for optical data storage. In the area of electrical data storage devices/memories, ferroelectric polymers have not been able to establish themselves up to now due to their long switching time and limited thermal stability. However, recent investigations show that suitable copolymers based on PVDF/TrFE copolymers in ultra-thin layers can achieve switching times of ≤100 ns. Nevertheless, the limited thermal stability of PVDF/TrFE copolymers prevent them from being integrated into the usual manufacturing process for Si-based data storage devices (D-RAM resp. S-RAM) and thereby frustrates the desired objective of producing nonvolatile random access memories (NV-RAMs). In the area of optical data storage technology, polycarbonate (PC) has established itself due to its favorable combination of properties. Thus, audio compact disks (CDs) are manufactured exclusively of PC, while high-flow PC types of high optical purity are clearly the preferred substrate material for optical data storage disks. The increasingly stringent requirements to be met in terms of lower birefringence and better thermal stability mean that the development of suitable modified or substituted polycarbonates is required. The development work being carried out worldwide in this area is reviewed here, and new suitable substituted polycarbonates with lower birefringence and significantly increased thermal stability up to glass temperatures of 238°C are presented. In addition, we deduce structure—property relationships for the above-mentioned structurally modified polycarbonates, specifically considering rotation potentials along the polymer backbone.     

储氢研究进展

氢能是21世纪主要的新能源之一。作为一种新型的清洁能源,氢的廉价制取、安全高效储存与输送及规模应用是当今研究的重点课题,而氢的储存是氢能应用的关键。储氢材料能可逆地大量吸放氢,在氢的储存与输送过程中是一种重要载体。本文综述了目前所采用或正在研究的主要储氢材料与技术,如高压气态储氢、低温液态储氢、金属氢化物储氢、化学氢化物储氢、吸附储氢、金属有机骨架储氢等,比较了各种储氢的优缺点,并指出其相关发展趋势。     

Side-chain liquid crystalline polyesters for optical information storage

Azobenzene side-chain liquid crystalline polyester structures suitable for permanent optical storage are described. The synthesis and characterization of the polyesters together with differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray investigations are discussed. Optical anisotropic investigations and holographic storage in one particular polyester are described in detail and polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic data complementing the optical data are presented. Optical and atomic force microscope investigations point to a laser-induced aggregation as responsible for permanent optical storage.