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We describe two new fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) compatible labels, their covalent linkage to oligonucleotides, and their use as donor and acceptor, respectively, in FRET hybridization studies. The dyes belong to the cyanine dyes, and water solubility is imparted by a phosphonate which represents a new solubilizing group in DNA labels. They were linked to amino-modified synthetic oligonucleotides via oxysuccinimide (OSI) esters. The studies performed include binding assays, determinations of molecular distances, homogeneous competitive assays, and limits of detection, which are in the order of 5 pmol/L for a 15-mer. 相似文献
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We demonstrate that the parametric resonance in a magnetic quadrupole trap can be exploited to cool atoms by using Bird's method. In our programme the parametric resonance was realized by anisotropically modulating the trap potential. The modulation frequency dependences of temperature and fraction of the trapped atoms are explored. Furthermore, the temperature after the modulation as functions of the modulation amplitude and the mean elastic collision time are also studied. These results are valuable for the experiment of parametric resonance in a quadrupole trap. 相似文献
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基于蒙特卡罗模拟的射束硬化校正方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
传统的射束硬化校正方法, 通常需要针对每一种材料测量该材料对射线的吸收曲线. 由于吸收曲线对实验条件有很大的依赖性, 每当改变X光机电压或者被测工件的材料等条件时,需要重新测量吸收曲线才能完成硬化校正过程. 这种方法费事费时. 本文提出了基于蒙特卡罗模拟计算物质吸收曲线的硬化校正方法. 实验中, 分别用本方法和传统的硬化校正方法对铝工件进行硬化校正, 经过比较, 确认本方法是有效的. 然后用该方法对不同材料(铝、铁和铜)的工件进行校正. 实验结果表明, 本方法能有效消除各种材料工件图像中的硬化伪影, 是快速的和切实可行的. 相似文献
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For the empirical beam hardening correction in computerized tomography (CT), it is necessary to measure an attenuation curve for the material. The attenuation curve depends on the X ray machine operation parameters and object material, etc. If any measuring condition changes, a new attenuation curve has to be measured. This approach is time consuming and difficult to implement. A new method of beam hardening correction is presented in this paper, which is based on Monte Carlo simulation of the attenuation characteristic. An aluminium object is scanned and the projection data is corrected by the empirical beam hardening correction and by the simulation based correction. The results of the reconstructed images confirm the correctness of the simulation based method. The simulation based correction has been applied successfully to CT projection data of several test samples, with the material of aluminum, steel and copper. 相似文献
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Cores of block copolymer micelles have been studied by Monte Carlo simulation. Core-forming chains have been modeled as self-avoiding chains enclosed in a spherical cavity and tethered to its surface. A fraction of the untethered end segments of chains (18–53%) has been treated as fluorescent probes. The time-dependent solution of the Pauli master equation that describes excitation energy migration among probes has been averaged in an ensemble of 104 simulated cores. We have studied the dependence of the depolarization function G
S(t), i.e., the probability that the originally excited probe is still excited at time t, on the chain length and on the energy migration critical radius of the probe. Cores with randomly solubilized probes and with clusters of probes have been also studied for comparison. 相似文献
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基于荧光共振能量转移的原理,以修饰于核酸适体上的FAM作为能量供体,以氧化石墨烯作为能量受体,构建了荧光适体传感器,分别对不同浓度的胰岛素和多巴胺进行检测.结果表明,胰岛素的线性检测范围为0.05~10μmol/L,多巴胺的线性检测范围为1~500μmol/L,当胰岛素和多巴胺检测浓度相同时,胰岛素检测信号远强于多巴胺.对胰岛素和多巴胺分别进行特异性实验,发现该传感器对胰岛素和多巴胺有较强的特异性.说明基于荧光共振能量转移的核酸适体传感器不仅可实现多种物质的微量检测,还具有较强的选择性,在生物和医药检测领域应用前景广阔. 相似文献
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量子点虽然广泛应用于生物荧光标记,但仍停留在实验阶段,目前还不能通过实验的办法得到量子点的荧光分布特征。利用有限元的方法对量子点的荧光场分布特征进行了数值模拟计算,选取几种不同材料球形量子点进行电磁散射分析,论述了量子点的荧光场分布规律。通过对单个量子点进行荧光场分析,确定了CdSe量子点、CdTe量子点荧光共振能量转移模型,计算结果表明:量子点的荧光场的分布规律可以由量子点的电磁散射场给出,对量子点散射场的分析有助于我们更细致地了解量子点荧光共振能量转移的过程,对于探知一般实验无法得到的量子点荧光场分布规律是可行的。该结果对控制量子点的荧光分布,提高量子点荧光效率具有重要的实际意义。 相似文献
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利用以阳离子共轭聚合物为能量供体的荧光共振能量转移(FRET)策略和滚环扩增放大技术,建立了一种新型的microRNA(miRNA)检测方法。阳离子共轭聚合物采用聚[(9,9-双(6’-N,N,N-三乙基铵)己基)亚芴基亚苯基二溴化物](PFP)。PFP是一种由大量吸光单元共轭而成的阳离子聚合物,具有独特的光捕获和荧光增强性能,可以和带有负电荷的DNA通过静电作用相互结合。SG是一种能够结合于所有双链DNA双螺旋小沟区域的染料,其在游离状态下,荧光微弱,但一旦与双链DNA结合后,荧光会大大的增强。首先,设计了一条可与目标分子特异性杂交的锁式探针和与RCA产物序列互补的DNA链。当体系中存在miRNA时,在T4 DNA连接酶作用下,锁式探针连接成环;随后,在phi29 DNA聚合酶和dNTPs共同作用下,在miRNA的3’端滚环扩增出一条与锁式探针序列互补的长单链DNA,所得产物与互补DNA链杂交形成双链DNA(dsDNA)。此时SG作为FRET受体掺入其中,形成SG-dsDNA共同体。随后, SG-dsDNA与PFP因静电相互作用而紧密接近,由于PFP的发射光谱与SG的激发光谱有重叠,因此二者之间可以发生FRET现象。反之,当体系中不存在miRNA时,挂锁探针则无法连接成环,阻止了扩增反应的进行及其产物与互补DNA链的杂交反应。加入SG后,由于SG与单链DNA的结合能力很弱, SG则游离于溶液中,不会与PFP发生有效的FRET。因此目标分子的浓度与体系的FRET效率直接相关。以let 7a作为待测miRNA分子,在0.05~5 nmol·L-1的范围内, let 7a的浓度与从反应体系测得的FRET效率(I520/I423)成正比。同时以无PFP参加的检测方案作为对比实验,证明了PFP确实具有提高灵敏度的作用。另外,以四种同族miRNA分子及两种其他miRNA分子作为干扰物质对方法的特异性进行了考察,发现除了两种与目标分子序列高度相似的物质存在干扰外,其他物质几乎不产生信号。利用该方法对细胞总RNA提取液中let 7a的含量及其加标含量进行了检测,测量所得回收率基本令人满意。所建立的方案不需要荧光标记探针,有效降低了检测成本,简化了操作步骤,在与miRNA相关的疾病诊断领域具有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
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以巯基乙酸为稳定剂合成了CdTe量子点,并利用其与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)组成了荧光共振能量转移体系,考察BSA(供体)和CdTe量子点(受体)之间的荧光共振能量转移的最佳条件,建立了荧光共振能量转移增敏法测定Zn2+的新方法.在pH 7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,Zn2+能对能量转移体系中CdTe量子点增敏从而测定锌的含量.Zn2+浓度在0.49-4.88μg/mL浓度范围内与CdTe量子点荧光强度呈现良好线性关系(r=0.9996),检出限为0.13μg/mL,RSD为3.2%,平均回收率为99.5%(n=5).方法适用于果汁饮料中微量锌的测定. 相似文献
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以巯基丙酸(mercaptopropionic acid,MPA)为稳定剂合成水溶性CdTe最子点(quantum dots,QDs),以CdTe QDs作为能量供体.庆大霉素(Gentamycin,GT)作为能垦受体,建立了荧光共振能量转移(fluorescence resonance energy transfer,FRET)体系.在690 nm处可见发射峰,半峰宽约10 nm,在一定范围内荧光强度与GT的含量旱线性关系,线性范围为2~20 mg·L-1,相关系数r=0.986 7.优化了不同的激发波长、pH、离子强度、时间和温度等凼素对反应的影响,并应用傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)和高效液相色谱(high-performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)分别表征了化学结构和相对专一性.结果表明巯基丙酸的巯基中S原子和羧基中氧原子与纳米微粒表面的富Cd离子发生了配位作用,CdTe QDs与GT的耦合主要是通过量子点周围巯基丙酸羧基(-COOH)中的氧原子与GT的胺基(-NH2)形成分子问氧键实现的;GT与CdTe QDs的结合率为0.35:1.研究表明GT可以作为检测CdTe QDs标记牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin,BSA)的荧光增敏剂,荧光强度值增强6倍,应用前景广阔. 相似文献
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Nucleosome Dynamics as Studied by Single-pair Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer: A Reevaluation
Accessibility of nucleosomal DNA to protein factor binding is ensured by at least three mechanisms: post-synthetic modifications
to the histones, chromatin remodeling, and spontaneous unwrapping of the DNA from the histone core. We have previously used
single-pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer (spFRET) experiments to investigate long-range conformational fluctuations
in nucleosomal DNA (Tomschik M, Zheng H, van Holde K, Zlatanova J, Leuba SH in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(9):3278–3283, 2005). Recent work has drawn attention to a major artifact in such studies due to photoblinking of the acceptor fluorophore. We
have now used formaldehyde-crosslinked nucleosomes and imaging in the presence of Trolox, an efficient triplet-state quencher
that suppresses photoblinking, to reevaluate our previous conclusions. Careful analysis of the data indicates that most of
the events previously characterized as nucleosome ‘opening’ must have corresponded to photoblinking. There is, nevertheless,
evidence for the existence of infrequent, rapid opening events. 相似文献
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核磁共振(NMR)的纵向弛豫时间(T1)、横向弛豫时间(T2)、自扩散系数(D0),以及T2-T1、T2-D0测量目前广泛应用于石油测井行业.在测量D0的SGSE序列中,通过逐渐增大90°和180°脉冲之间的时间间隔(Td),可以对液体扩散行为产生的影响进行调节.然而Td的"起点"、"步进数"和"终点"等参数必须设置得当才能准确测量T1和D0.目前参数的设置依赖多次的人工调整和测量人员的经验,耗时且使用门槛较高.本文用蒙特卡罗方法进行大量随机模拟,根据前面若干点的测量结果筛选出满足要求的随机值,预测下一个测量点的位置.该算法可以实时更新参数设置,实现自动化测量,达到降低测量门槛、缩短测量时间的目的.经验证,该算法可以适用于T1、D0的测量. 相似文献
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基于紫外光诱导血浆的三维同步荧光光谱共振能量转移及能量再吸收的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用三维同步荧光光谱技术研究了不同浓度的血浆溶液在紫外光波段的同步荧光光谱.实验结果表明:血浆蛋白的主要的激发峰主要有三个,分别在257 nm、274 nm和280 nm附近,同步荧光光谱峰值大小随着血浆的浓度的变化而有所不同.通过改变Δλ值而获得的同步荧光光谱,表明血浆存在三个同步荧光峰,其Δλ值分别为90 nm、72 nm和44 nm,根据实验数据计算,表明血浆的各个内源荧光团之间存在着荧光共振能量转移以及二次光吸收现象. 相似文献
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应用单次碰撞的直接Monte Carlo方法计算能量范围从100 eV~10 keV的电子在固体Al,Si,Au表面的背散射系数,其中低能电子在固体中的弹性散射和非弹性散射截面分别应用Mott散射截面和Born近似下的广义振子强度计算模型得到.通过与压缩历史Monte Carlo方法的模拟计算结果及实验值的比较,结果表明,对于100 eV~10 keV范围的低能区电子,采用直接方法计算得到的电子背散射系数与实验值符合较好,直接方法比压缩历史方法更适合于能量在10 keV以下的电子输运计算. 相似文献
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Mark A. Hink Nina V. Visser Jan Willem Borst Arie van Hoek Antonie J. W. G. Visser 《Journal of fluorescence》2003,13(2):185-188
Corrected fluorescence excitation and emission spectra have been obtained from several enhanced variants of the green fluorescent protein (EGFP) isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria, blue fluorescence protein (EBFP), cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP), EGFP and yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP–citrine) and from the red fluorescent protein (DsRed) isolated from the coral species Discosoma. The spectra are stored in a database. This report describes how the spectra can be used as templates to derive the critical transfer distance for any pair of fluorescent proteins. 相似文献