24 GHz宽波束阵列天线的设计

利用Rogers 5880为介质材料设计了一款应用于车载防撞雷达前端的圆极化微带阵列天线,该阵列天线采用直线阵结构,运用了多个四分之一波长阻抗变换器实现了阻抗匹配。仿真和测试结果表明: 该阵列天线的阻抗带宽(S₁₁ < -10 dB)为23.45~25.65 GHz,最大增益为15.54 dB;轴比带宽24.56~25 GHz,轴比最小为1.25 dB;第一副瓣电平小于-20 dB,E面半功率波瓣宽度为10°,H面波瓣宽度为75°,其尺寸为70.94 mm×14.72 mm×0.508 mm。该天线具有高增益、低副瓣、体积小、性能稳定等优点,在汽车防撞雷达系统中有广阔的应用前景。     

X波段低副瓣波导缝隙阵列天线特性

根据Stevenson等效电路法设计了两个X波段低副瓣波导缝隙阵列天线。通过建立多个缝隙时的谐振长度提取模型,计算了存在缝隙间互耦时的谐振长度。两个阵列天线测试结果和仿真结果吻合良好,线阵中心频率实测增益为17.83dB,其仿真结果为18.2dB,实测副瓣为-28.12dB,其仿真结果为-29.97dB;平面阵列中心频率实测增益为27dB,其仿真结果为27.9dB,实测H面副瓣为-27.2dB,其仿真结果为-29.9dB,实测E面副瓣为-22dB,其仿真结果为-22dB。     

基于无人船平台的超宽带UHF盘锥天线设计

本文设计了一款适用于无人船平台的超宽带UHF盘锥天线.该天线改变了传统盘锥天线的馈电位置,将同轴馈线从盘顶引出,馈线内芯延伸至锥体内部.利用计算机仿真软件HFSS进行仿真计算,仿真结果表明:在285MHz至950 MHz频带内,回波损耗S_(11)均小于-15dB;在300 MHz至390 MHz频带内,回波损耗S11均小于-20dB,在340MHz处,S_(11)达到最小的-54.3dB,天线最大增益为2.56dB;在825MHz至875MHz频带内,S_(11)均小于-20dB,在850 MHz处,S_(11)达到最小的-21.5dB,天线最大增益为3.79dB;在上述两个频带内,天线的辐射方向基本为水平全向,满足无人船平台在水上救援等应急通信保障中对天线辐射方向的要求.     

基于双层介质的宽轴比波束微带天线

为了展宽微带天线的3 dB轴比波束宽度(ARBW),提出采用双层介质基板结构与单点同轴线馈电、引入切角微扰和半圆槽的方式,设计出一款小型化宽ARBW的圆极化微带天线。该天线的尺寸可用中心波长(0)表示为0.40800.40800.0360,工作频率可覆盖IEEE 802.16e(3.5 GHz)频段。利用基于有限元法的仿真软件(Ansoft HFSS15.0)对天线进行优化设计,获得天线3 dB ARBW为230~255,电压驻波比(VSWR)小于2的带宽为290 MHz,峰值增益在3.5 GHz为4.11 dB。测试结果与仿真结果基本一致,表明采用该结构和设计方式可以展宽天线的ARBW。     

新型顶部加载单极天线

提出了一种新型顶部加U型负载的单极天线结构,给出了设计思想和结构模型,该天线采用同轴馈电,辐射轴向笔状波束且线极化特性良好的波,在理论分析的基础上具体对其进行了仿真,并依照仿真的尺寸结果,加工实物进行了实验研究。仿真结果表明:该天线实现了同轴馈电单极天线的轴向辐射,当工作频率在4.0 GHz时,天线轴向增益为8.33 dBi,轴向轴比为-69.64 dB,反射系数为0.034;在3.83~4.5 GHz的频率范围内反射系数小于0.1。实验结果表明:该天线在中心频率时测量增益为8.116 dBi,驻波比为1.098,并且在3.75~4.50 GHz的范围内驻波比都小于1.2,可以看出仿真结果与实验结果基本一致,互相进行了验证。     

X波段高功率宽频带双螺旋反射阵列天线的设计

为了提升高功率微波辐射天线的带宽,提出并设计了一种X波段高功率圆极化反射阵列天线,该天线采用喇叭天线作为馈源,阵列天线单元由可旋转金属双螺旋线构成,通过旋转螺旋线可以实现360°的相位补偿,同时反射损耗极小。设计了15×15矩形栅格螺旋反射阵列天线,全波仿真结果表明:该口径为315 mm的阵列天线在中心频点9.3 GHz下,增益为28 dB,轴比为0.53 dB,口径效率为52.6%;在8.5~10.9 GHz的频带范围内增益大于26.8 dB,轴比小于1.14 dB,1 dB增益带宽和40%以上口径效率带宽均大于21%;在真空中所能承受的最大功率约为207 MW。     

一种编码式低雷达散射截面超表面天线阵列设计

设计了一种非周期排布的低雷达散射截面超表面天线阵列.该阵列由两种天线单元构成,两种天线单元的上层贴片形状相同,正交放置,作为天线单元能以同种极化方式在相同频带下工作,作为超表面单元相互之间能形成180°±37°的有效相位差.阵列在x极化方向与y极化方向上分别利用相位对消与吸波原理减缩雷达散射截面.同时,根据编码超材料理论,使用编程软件将两种单元进行非周期编码,使阵列的反射场呈漫散射状分布,有效降低了其峰值雷达散射截面.仿真结果显示天线阵列的辐射性能良好.与同等大小的金属板相比,在x极化波垂直入射时,设计天线阵列单站雷达散射截面(radar cross section, RCS)的6 dB减缩带宽为4.8—7.4 GHz,相对带宽为42.6%;在y极化波垂直入射时,设计天线阵列单站RCS的6 dB减缩带宽为4.6—7.8 GHz,相对带宽为51.6%.同时,设计天线阵较棋盘式天线阵散射能量分布更加均匀,空间中RCS峰值明显降低.实测结果与仿真结果符合较好.     

连续相位变化毫米波衍射天线

基于菲涅尔原理及卡塞格伦天线设计方法,设计了一种口面直径为200 mm的卡赛格伦菲涅耳相位修正平面天线。天线采用连续相位修正方式,由一组同心菲涅耳相位修正圆环组成,与传统卡赛格伦抛物面天线相比,该天线具有平面化结构,大大减小了天线自身重量,天线辐射性能较离散相位衍射天线有大幅度提高。在95 GHz频率下,采用物理光学法进行仿真计算,并采用近场扫描系统进行了天线性能测试,天线3 dB波束宽度分别为0.95及1.05,天线实测增益为44.1 dB,天线口面效率为65%。     

高功率线极化径向线阵列天线优化及实验研究

为了提高高功率线极化径向线阵列天线性能(口径效率及反射特性等),实现更优的径向线线极化阵列天线辐射,通过提高单元天线性能、调整阵列布局、改进馈电径向线和探针这3种途径对其进行了优化,并对其进行了理论分析、数值仿真和实验研究。实验结果表明:在中心频率1.57 GHz下,驻波比为1.19,增益为17.65 dBi,轴比为-39.2 dB;在1.47~1.77 GHz的频率范围内驻波比都小于1.4。     

VLASOV天线的研究

 使用频域矩量法(MM)和时域有限差分方法(FDTD)对VLASOV天线进行了系统研究。通过数值模拟：对VLASOV天线中的模式转换及其辐射过程进行有了清晰的物理描述；对VLASOV天线进行了参数化研究；并为实验提供了加工原型，实测结果与模拟结果吻合良好。在此基础上，结合VLASOV天线在高功率微波系统中的应用提出了一种新的设计方案。该方案实现了天线与天线罩的一体化设计，使辐射波束实现了较好的圆对称性，天线增益提高6dB，第一副瓣电平下降13dB。     

Theoretical study on the photoabsorption in the Herzberg I band system of the O2 molecule

The Herzberg I band system of the oxygen molecule is electric-dipole forbidden and its absorption strength has been explained by intensity borrowing models which include the spin-orbit (SO) and L-uncoupling (RO) interactions as perturbations. We employed three different levels of theoretical models to evaluate these two interactions, and obtained the rotational and vibronic absorption strengths using the ab initio method. The first model calculates the transition moments induced by the SO interaction variationally with the SO configuration interaction method (SOCI), and uses the first-order perturbation theory for the RO interaction, and is called SOCI. The second is based on the first-order perturbation theory for both the SO and RO interactions, and is called Pert(Full). The last is a limited version of Pert(Full), in that the first-order perturbation wavefunction for the initial and final state is represented by only one dominant basis, namely the 1³Π_g and state, respectively, as originally used by England et al. [Can. J. Phys. 74 (1996) 185], and is called Pert(England). The vibronic oscillator strengths calculated by these three models were in good agreement with the experimental values. As for the integrated rotational linestrengths, the SOCI and Pert(Full) models reproduced the experimental results very well, however the Pert(England) model did not give satisfactory results. Since the Pert(England) model takes only the 1³Π_g and states into consideration, it cannot contain the complicated configuration interactions with highly excited states induced by the SO and RO interaction, which plays an important role for calculating the delicate integrated rotational linestrength. This result suggests that the configuration interaction with highly excited states due to some perturbations cannot be neglected in the case of very weak absorption band systems.     

Surface complexes formed by monohydric alcohols on lithium

The He(I) photoelectron spectra of clean polycrystalline evaporated lithium films exposed to ethanol (g), n-propanol (g), and n-butanol (g) in UHV are reported. The formation of alkoxy-type surface species RO/Li (surf), at subsaturation coverages is indicated from the spectra in each case. No evidence for decomposition of the RO/Li (surf) complexes at room temperature was found. Reactivity was not indicated on exposure of clean lithium to 100 L or more of NH₃, diethylether, N₂, CO, or ethylene. Interpretation of the spectra was supported through ab initio molecular orbital calculations for models of the type RO/Li_nH_m (4? _n ?9, m = 0 or 1) as well as LiOCH₃ and LiOCH₂CH₃. Calculations including geometric variations of the methoxy group relative to the faces of fixed clusters of lithium atoms were used to locate sites of minimum energy. On the (110) face, oxygen is above a 3-atom hollow formed by two pair of near neighbor lithium atoms and one pair of next near neighbor lithium atoms. The OC direction is normal to the plane of the lithiums. On (100) the O forms a bridge between pairs of near neighbor lithiums 3.509 Å apart while on (111) oxygen forms a bridge between near neighbor lithiums 3.03 Å apart. In these bridges the OC direction is normal to the LiLi axis.     

Some remarks on variable range hopping—in particular in the quantum Hall regime

An expression for the heat conductivity _xx is derived in the effective medium approximation. Mott type formulas are obtained for _xx and the Peltier coefficient _xx . Using percolation theory in a three-dimensional system the Wiedemann-Franz ratio was found to depend on the temperature like . The Mott type formulas were evaluated in a similar way for a two-dimensional system in the quantum Hall regime within the high-field percolation model. In contrast to previous calculations of the high field hopping conductivity _xx , the results are fully consistent with the experimental data on _xx and the density of states at the Fermi level. Finally, _xx is estimated which together with _xx and _xy =ie ²/h(i=0,1,2,...), determines both thermopower coefficients _xx and _xy .Dedicated to Professor W. Brenig on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Purcell effect in triangular plasmonic nanopatch antennas with three-layer colloidal quantum dots

A model describing a plasmonic nanopatch antenna based on triangular silver nanoprisms and multilayer cadmium chalcogenide quantum dots is introduced. Electromagnetic-field distributions in nanopatch antennas with different orientations of the quantum-dot dipoles are calculated for the first time with the finite element method for numerical electrodynamics simulations. The energy flux through the surface of an emitting quantum dot is calculated for the configurations with the dot in free space, on an aluminum substrate, and in a nanopatch antenna. It is shown that the radiative part of the Purcell factor is as large as 1.7 × 10₂ The calculated photoluminescence lifetimes of a CdSe/CdS/ZnS colloidal quantum dot in a nanopatch antenna based on a silver nanoprism agree well with the experimental results.     

Poisson-Lie group of pseudodifferential symbols

We introduce a Lie bialgebra structure on the central extension of the Lie algebra of differential operators (with scalar or matrix coefficients) on the line and on the circle. This defines a Poisson-Lie structure on the dual group of pseudodifferential symbols of an arbitrary real (or complex) order. We show that the usual (second) Benney, GL _n -KdV (or GL _n -Adler-Gelfand-Dickey) and KP Poisson structures are naturally realized as restrictions of this Poisson structure to submanifolds of this universal Poisson-Lie group. Moreover, the reduced (=SL _n ) versions of these manifolds (orW _n -algebras in physical terminology) can be viewed as certain subspaces of the quotient of this Poisson-Lie group by the dressing action of the group of functions on the circle (or as a result of a Poisson reduction). Finally we define an infinite set of commuting functions on the Poisson-Lie group that give the standard families of Hamiltonians when restricted to the submanifolds mentioned above. The Poisson structure and Hamiltonians on the whole group interpolate between the Poisson structures and Hamiltonians of Benney, KP and KdV flows. We also discuss the geometrical meaning ofW as a limit of Poisson algebrasW as 0.     

Exponentiated random walks,supersymmetry and localization

We examine the nature and properties of the exponentiated random walk one-dimensional wavefunction ₀=exp[–x(x)], previously introduced in the context of the supersymmetric mappings of a classical Langevin random field problem. Three main results are presented. The first is that the state ₀ is extended, although it is the exact groundstate of a disordered one-dimensional quantum problem. The second is that in that problem supersymmetry is neither truly unbroken, or truly broken, we call this a situation of marginal unbroken supersymmetry and identify a class of other problems with the same property. The third result is obtained by studying the local behaviour of the wave function ₀ by means of generalized Lyapunov exponents. Locally, ₀ exhibits exponential localization, with a localization length identical to that of weak localization in the 1-dimensional Anderson problem.     

Degradation of reactive orange 4 dye using hydrodynamic cavitation based hybrid techniques

In the present work, degradation of reactive orange 4 dye (RO4) has been investigated using hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and in combination with other AOP’s. In the hybrid techniques, combination of hydrodynamic cavitation and other oxidizing agents such as H₂O₂ and ozone have been used to get the enhanced degradation efficiency through HC device. The hydrodynamic cavitation was first optimized in terms of different operating parameters such as operating inlet pressure, cavitation number and pH of the operating medium to get the maximum degradation of RO4. Following the optimization of HC parameters, the degradation of RO4 was carried out using the combination of HC with H₂O₂ and ozone. It has been found that the efficiency of the HC can be improved significantly by combining it with H₂O₂ and ozone. The mineralization rate of RO4 increases considerably with 14.67% mineralization taking place using HC alone increases to 31.90% by combining it with H₂O₂ and further increases to 76.25% through the combination of HC and ozone. The synergetic coefficient of greater than one for the hybrid processes of HC + H₂O₂ and HC + Ozone has suggested that the combination of HC with other oxidizing agents is better than the individual processes for the degradation of dye effluent containing RO4. The combination of HC with ozone proves to be the most energy efficient method for the degradation of RO4 as compared to HC alone and the hybrid process of HC and H₂O₂.     

Analysis and design of optically transparent antenna on photonic band gap structures

An optically transparent microstrip patch antenna is designed on photonic bandgap structures and its radiation characteristics are computed and analyzed in the visible spectrum region. The proposed antenna consists of indium tin oxide, a transparent conducting material used both as a radiating patch and a ground plane separated by the 5 μm thin glass substrate. The introduction of periodic cylindrical air cavity structures in the glass substrate leads to the formation of photonic band gap. The patch thickness is carefully selected based on the analysis of the optical transmission coefficient with respect to patch thickness. The effective dielectric constant of the photonic band gap loaded glass substrate is computed using the effective medium approach. The refractive index of the proposed antenna is presented and discussed. The radiation efficiency of the antenna is shown to improve significantly due to insertion of proposed photonic band gap structures. The proposed design has yielded a bandwidth of 2–2.3 THz for a return loss (S₁₁) of less than −15dB and achieved a peak gain of 4.97dB at 2.27 THz.     

Dynamics of forest fire under rotational constraint

A rotationally constrained forest fire model is studied on square and triangular lattices of size 400×400. The critical probabilityp _c for onset of fire propagation is determined. The scaling relationsMt ^d _r, R_gt^v andMR _g ^d _f are analysed at fire propagation probabilityp=p _c whereM is the number of burnt trees,R _g the radius of gyration andd _f the fractal dimension of the cluster of burnt trees at timet. Numerical estimates ofd _t, v andd _f have been obtained.