通道内空气热磁对流的协同分析

为研究通道内空气热磁对流的流动规律,用数值模拟方法,研究了磁场作用下二维模型水平通道内的流动换热过程,获得了通道内的磁通密度分布和空气温度轴向分布,在此基础上,建立了一维通道内空气热磁对流的数学模型,就温度场和磁场的相对关系对水通道内热磁对流过程的影响进行了数值计算,获得了通道内不同温度场、磁场以及其不同相对位置下的通道空气流量,并讨论了磁极形状对空气流量及其变化的影响。     

数据中心动态温度估计模型

在数据中心热管理与节能的研究当中,如何降低数据中心制冷能耗是目前研究的热点问题之一,对数据中心热量传递的建模和温度分布的求解是解决此问题的前提和关键点。采用计算流体力学模拟数据中心内的流动与传热过程耗时较长,不适合用于数据中心热管理的实时自动控制系统。本文通过研究各机柜负载和空调出风温度变化对数据中心温度场的影响,将数据中心中热量传递的动态过程以传递函数矩阵表示,建立了数据中心热环境的动态模型。算例的计算与比较证明,本模型能够准确地估计数据中心内温度变化情况。与直接采用计算流体力学方法相比,本文模型大大节省了计算时间。     

热声热机起振过程中回热器内气体的温度分布

文中研究了驻波型热声发动机回热器内的气体,研究时段为从加热到起振前的过程,对气体在此时段内建立数学模型并加以分析。通过求解该模型,得出了回热器内不同时间和位置点的温度变化,其计算结果与实验数据相吻合。最后对模型简化导致的误差进行了分析修正。     

基于电池热特性及产热行为的新型锂离子电池评价

建立了一种新的基于锂离子电池热特性及产热行为的电池性能评价方法. 通过测量一系列不同容量及电极材料的18650电池在不同充放电时间及电流下其充放电能量的变化,建立了一个包含焦耳热与极化热影响因子的表达电池在充放电过程中的能量损失的模型. 利用这种模型,计算出电池总内阻R以及极化参数′,并且对R及′在不同温度下的变化情况进行了研究,建立一个对不同电池和不同温度都适用的普适性模型.     

固体氧化物燃料电池温升模拟中入口异常高温度梯度研究

针对固体氧化物燃料电池热循环失效问题,建立了固体氧化物燃料电池热气体预热动态模型,研究了电池内最大温度梯度分布规律和入口异常高温度梯度形成的原因,结果表明:在热气体参数和预热方式变化时,电池内最大温度梯度始终处于电池入口边缘处的电极表面;电池入口处存在异常高的温度梯度,且在入口一小段区域内,温度梯度沿流动方向迅速下降;其原因是模型中入口采用均一的平均速度和温度,“入口效应”强化气体与电池换热;采用入口段延长的方式可使入口速度充分发展,降低电池内最大温度梯度,但由于均一温度入口并未优化,入口处仍然存在很大的温度梯度和温度梯度变化;因此采用数值模拟研究电池预热升温安全性时,仅采用最大温度梯度作为安全性判据会高估电池内热应力.     

离轴抛物面反射镜模拟空间环境镜面变形分析

在卫星红外多光谱扫描仪模拟空间环境辐射定标试验中,环境模拟器舱内的稳、瞬态温度场会给光学系统成像质量带来影响.以试验中的实测温度变化作为温度载荷,借助有限元软件,分析了定标系统中通光孔径为φ400mm的离轴抛物面主镜的温度场分布和热弹性变形.选用在单位圆内正交的Zernike多项式为拟合基函数,通过坐标变换,将抛物镜表...     

温度循环试验中水分侵入及转移的数值模拟

本文针对温度循环试验中水分侵入的机理进行了理论分析,推导了简化的孔道中水分渗透的解析解,并与二维数值模拟结果做了比较验证。在此基础上得出了防止外界水蒸气侵入的最小舱内正压值为2 Pa。升温阶段舱内水分转移过程进行了数值模拟,并比较了不同氮气流量对试件表面结霜的影响。模拟结果表明,升温过程中,蒸发器表面霜层升华,造成空气中水蒸气含量上升。对于热惯性较大的试件,其表面温度上升有滞后性,当试件表面温度低于舱内空气露点温度时,即发生结霜。而在升温阶段增大氮气流量可有效规避试件表面结霜的风险。氮气流量对舱内环境影响的量化研究结果可为设备自动化防产品结露的实现提供控制策略参考。     

热电制冷器热模型建立与修正方法研究

影响热电制冷器仿真温度的输入参数较多且不易准确测得导致建立高精度仿真模型较为困难。为此,提出了一种热电制冷器热模型建立与修正方法。首先建立热电制冷器温度场仿真模型,并基于Spearman相关级数对影响仿真温度的参数进行灵敏度辨识,确定强相关参数和弱相关参数;然后以热电制冷器的实测温度值为目标,采用多岛群遗传算法对强相关参数进行修正;在此基础上,再对弱相关参数进行修正;最后运用霍克基维斯直接搜索算法对修正后的参数进行更为精确的修正,得出了电流为3.6 A时模型输入参数的修正值。采用相同方法获得了电流在0~3.9 A范围内输入参数的修正值。据此建立的热模型,仿真值与实测值最大误差小于4.9℃(-5~100.5℃范围内),表明该热模型的建立与修正方法合理有效。     

叶片安装角偏差对涡轮通道内热斑迁移的影响

叶片的加工和安装偏差不仅直接影响到涡轮的性能,而且可能对叶片通道内热斑的迁移产生影响.为了研究这种偏差对热斑在涡轮中迁移及叶片热负荷等的影响,本文以某高压涡轮级为例,利用三维非定常数值模拟手段进行了研究.结果表明:动叶安装角的偏差对动叶中热斑的迁移如周向迁移有较明显的影响;而热斑迁移的变化将直接影响涡轮动叶压力面和吸力面的热负荷分布,最终影响涡轮叶片的寿命;并且热斑迁移的变化还导致下游支板通道内温度分布产生较为明显的变化,这有可能给发动机排气温度的测量带来偏差.热斑迁移的变化在涡轮的设计和故障分析中应予重视.     

脉冲LDA侧面泵浦大能量Nd:YAG激光器时变热效应分析

建立了激光二极管阵列(LDA)侧面泵浦棒状Nd:YAG增益介质时变热效应理论计算模型。采用有限元Ansys软件模拟分析了脉冲LDA侧面泵浦大能量固体激光器的时变热效应特性。研究结果表明,所研究的脉冲LDA侧面泵浦大能量Nd:YAG激光器热效应具有时变特性,介质横截面内中心点处的稳态温度场分布随时间呈锯齿形周期变化,锯齿形变化频率为LDA泵浦频率,脉冲LDA泵浦参数对介质稳态温度场分布有较大影响。分析和计算了介质内热梯度、应力双折射以及激光晶体端面效应等导致的晶体热透镜焦距。计算表明,介质的热焦距主要来源于介质内温度梯度引起的热透镜焦距。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.