磁悬浮振动传感系统及误差分析

利用磁悬浮技术设计一款惯性振动传感器,对传感系统进行受力分析,得出系统二阶运动方程;同时进行磁路分析得到系统刚度表达式,涡流分析得到系统的阻尼表达式,进而计算出传感系统的各部分参数,其刚度值为140 N/m,固有频率为11.2 Hz,阻尼为2.56 N·s/m;通过分析传感系统的温度误差与非线性误差,提出误差补偿方法:对温度误差进行热磁分流补偿,对非线性误差进行线圈补偿;标定得出传感器的灵敏度高达220 V·s·m-1;使用该传感器对爆炸冲击信号进行测量,实验结果表明该传感器能较好地描述爆炸振动信号;并且该传感器有灵敏度高、结构简单、防电磁干扰等优点。     

基于2S2G棱镜的新型反向表面等离子共振生物传感器

提出了一种基于反向表面等离子体共振原理,由Ge_(20)Ga_5Sb_(10)S_(65)-钯-石墨烯分子-生物分子四层结构构成的新型生物传感器。当生物分子之间发生相互作用时,引起生物分子层折射率的变化,从而导致反向表面等离子体共振角的偏移。在此基础上,根据传输矩阵法推导了传感器的输出光谱,重点讨论了本文提出的传感器与传统传感器相比,在灵敏度、分辨率、动态检测范围以及检测信号信噪比方面取得的进展。另外,通过对比研究,深入分析了辅助介质层石墨烯厚度对传感器性能的影响。最后,利用近红外光作为提出的传感器的入射光,分析了在近红外区域传感器性能的改善。研究结果表明:单层石墨烯分子使传感器性能达到最佳;反向表面等离子共振峰强度约为入射光强的80%~90%,使传感器的输出信号具有较大的信噪比;在可见光区域,当入射光波长为632.8nm时,提出的反向表面等离子共振生物传感器的分辨率是基于SiO_2棱镜耦合反向表面等离子共振生物传感器的1.9倍,是传统表面等离子共振生物传感器的3.5倍,提出的传感器的动态检测范围约是现有传感器的2倍;利用Ge_(20)Ga_5Sb_(10)S_(65)棱镜可使反向表面等离子共振生物传感器检测光波长由可见光区域扩展到近红外区域,当入射光为1 000nm时,传感器的分辨率是可见光区域的3~4倍。该研究对基于反向表面等离子体共振原理生物传感器的实现与发展具有重要意义。     

涡流对电真空器件内磁分布的影响及抑制方法

短脉冲线圈电流励磁是高频电真空器件中实现超强磁场的重要技术途径之一,此时器件内将不可避免地产生涡流并进一步对内部磁场分布构成影响。针对使用短脉冲磁场时涡流对电真空器件内磁分布的影响进行了研究,分析了线圈电流脉冲宽度、金属电导率和金属厚度等对涡流的影响,结果表明:随着线圈电流脉冲宽度的减小、金属电导率和金属厚度的增加,涡流对内部磁场的影响也随之增加,导致管内空间无法有效励磁。提出了两种抑制涡流影响的措施,包括采用高电阻率导体进行薄层电镀和对管壁金属纵向切槽开缝。计算结果表明,这两种方法能够有效抑制涡流对器件内部磁场分布的影响,具有良好的实用性。     

利用电涡流传感器测量位移

本简单介绍了电涡流传感器的原理,给出了利用电涡流传感器测量位移的方法。     

四种位移式传感器相关特性的对比分析

针对实验教学中常用到的电容、电涡流、霍尔、光纤四种测量位移的传感器,进行了输出电压与输入位移量的实际测量。分析了各种传感器的测量范围,利用matlab软件计算了各种传感器的灵敏度和线性度。通过实际对比分析计算结果,可以指导学生能够根据实际需求实现合理选取传感器的目的。     

铝合金焊缝电涡流磁场信号的非线性特征提取及分类方法研究

采用巨磁电阻(GMR)传感器对铝合金惰性气体保护焊焊缝的涡流电磁信号进行提取.采用非线性特征分析的方法对良好、含有密集气孔和未焊透三种不同状态焊缝的涡流电磁信号的特性进行分析.提取焊缝涡流电磁信号的Lyapunov指数、关联维数等参数进行分析,分析结果表明焊缝涡流电磁信号具有明显的非线性混沌特性.采用Lempel-Ziv复杂度和近似熵测度分析三种状态焊缝涡流电磁信号的复杂度,结果表明:Lempel-Ziv复杂度和近似熵对不同状态焊缝的涡流电磁信号是敏感的,可以得到焊缝的电磁信号的非线性特征,并对焊缝的类别进行分类辨识,为分析焊缝的不同状态提供了一种有效的辅助工具和方法.     

测量转速的三种传感器输出性能的研究

分析了电涡流、光电、霍尔三种传感器的工作原理,搭建了实验电路,进行了大小不同量程范围工作时的转速测量。通过对测量结果进行的数据处理和对比分析,能够让学生直观的认识到同一种传感器在不同量程范围工作时,其灵敏度和线性度会产生变化。使学生更好地理解不同传感器的工作原理与特性。     

一种用于高压输气管道泄漏检测的次声传感器的研究

研究了一种用于检测高压输气管道泄漏次声波的次声传感器。针对管道泄漏频带宽,频率低的特点,该次声传感器换能元件选用电容式传声器,设计了一个前端耐压壳,将前端敏感单元与前置放大器隔离,可耐12 MPa静态压力;通过对比信号放大电路,实现了对调制电路优化设计,使得在1 Hz以下频段仍有较高灵敏度,传感器自噪声降低;该传感器只对声波敏感,对振动的灵敏度平均值1 mV/g,具有很好的抗振动干扰性能。测试结果表明：该传感器能有效地检测到声波信号,频率响应范围0.5 Hz至300 Hz,覆盖了管道泄漏次声频带和低频可听声频段,不放大的Ⅰ档灵敏度200 mV/Pa,Ⅱ档和Ⅲ档分别将信号放大5倍和20倍,输出信号的自噪声小于15 mV,该传感器可适用于天然气输气管道的泄漏监测。     

波分复用串联的布里渊散射分布式光纤传感器

在一定分辨率和响应时间要求下，应用波分复用技术来串联布里渊散射分布式光纤传感器，解决了同时进行传感和通信存在的信号干扰.具体是采用波分复用来隔离传感光信号与通信光信号，同时应用光相干外差接收来分离传感与通信之间的电信号频谱.实现了两台布里渊散射分布式光纤传感器之间的串联，单台传感器的传感距离为25 km，串联后达到50 km.     

耐高压纳秒脉冲罗氏线圈的研制

针对ns级脉冲电流信号的测量，设计了一种带磁芯的新型自积分式罗氏线圈，具有信噪比高、动态范围广等优点。屏蔽盒开气隙防止涡流。屏蔽盒外层采用聚氨酯进行整体封装，聚氨酯层厚度大于1.5 mm，可耐受大于20 kV的冲击电压。采用高压方波发生器与Pearson4100线圈对罗氏线圈标定。罗氏线圈的参数为:灵敏度0.018 8 V/A，最高上升时间小于20 ns，方波脉宽300 ns，最大峰值电流300 A。     

Point defects on graphene on metals

Understanding the coupling of graphene with its local environment is critical to be able to integrate it in tomorrow's electronic devices. Here we show how the presence of a metallic substrate affects the properties of an atomically tailored graphene layer. We have deliberately introduced single carbon vacancies on a graphene monolayer grown on a Pt(111) surface and investigated its impact in the electronic, structural, and magnetic properties of the graphene layer. Our low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy studies, complemented by density functional theory, show the existence of a broad electronic resonance above the Fermi energy associated with the vacancies. Vacancy sites become reactive leading to an increase of the coupling between the graphene layer and the metal substrate at these points; this gives rise to a rapid decay of the localized state and the quenching of the magnetic moment associated with carbon vacancies in freestanding graphene layers.     

基于Matlab分析负荷对多联机IPLV的影响

多联机有其特殊的优点,但是不同部分负荷的组合对IPLV的影响仍需进一步研究。文中建立IPLV与部分负荷的相关公式,运用MATLAB软件分析不同卸载级负荷与IPLV的关系,从而确定不同部分负荷的最优组合。     

Remarks on KdV-type flows on star-shaped curves

We study the relation between the centro-affine geometry of star-shaped planar curves and the projective geometry of parametrized maps into RP¹. We show that projectivization induces a map between differential invariants and a bi-Poisson map between Hamiltonian structures. We also show that a Hamiltonian evolution equation for closed star-shaped planar curves, discovered by Pinkall, has the Schwarzian KdV equation as its projectivization. (For both flows, the curvature evolves by the KdV equation.) Using algebro-geometric methods and the relation of group-based moving frames to AKNS-type representations, we construct examples of closed solutions of Pinkall’s flow associated with periodic finite-gap KdV potentials.     

X-ray diffraction on chlorine adsorbed on graphite

Cl₂ layers adsorbed on Grafoil have been investigated by X-ray diffraction between 78 and 285 K. Mono- and submonolayers crystallize in a parallelogram lauttce, incommensurate with the (001) graphite surfaces, the molecules oriented almost perpendicular to the surface. The structure is closely related to that of the (001) planes of three-dimensional solid chlorine. For coverages above the monolayer completion bulk crystalization sets in.     

Note on duality on polarized symplectic manifolds

In this note we use some of the results of [3] to derive a general duality theorem for the cohomologies of foliated structures on a manifold. The result is applied to the special case of a symplectic manifold M on which the foliation is given by a complex polarization F in the sense of geometric quantization. We obtain, for example, a rigorous proof of the fact that for a smooth function ƒ on M whose Hamiltonian vector field leaves F invariant, the spectrum of the corresponding prequantization operator v(ƒ) coincides with the spectrum of its transpose, under the above duality. This latter result was obtained by Simms in [12] under certain hypotheses. Proofs of the validity of those hypotheses are now available in the literature; cf. [3] and [7].     

Space-charge effects on multipactor on a dielectric

Analyzes the effects of space charge shielding on the steady state of a multipactor discharge on a dielectric. Analytic methods are used to obtain an exact function for the potential in the discharge, assuming a Maxwellian distribution of emitted electrons. An equation for the amount of power deposited on the dielectric by the multipactoring electrons, for a given saturation level, is given. A simple method for obtaining the saturation level, for a given material, is obtained