Statistical Distribution of Quantum Entanglement for a Random Bipartite State

We compute analytically the statistics of the Renyi and von Neumann entropies (standard measures of entanglement), for a random pure state in a large bipartite quantum system. The full probability distribution is computed by first mapping the problem to a random matrix model and then using a Coulomb gas method. We identify three different regimes in the entropy distribution, which correspond to two phase transitions in the associated Coulomb gas. The two critical points correspond to sudden changes in the shape of the Coulomb charge density: the appearance of an integrable singularity at the origin for the first critical point, and the detachment of the rightmost charge (largest eigenvalue) from the sea of the other charges at the second critical point. Analytical results are verified by Monte Carlo numerical simulations. A short account of part of these results appeared recently in Nadal et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 104:110501, 2010).     

Efficient Scheme for Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger State and Cluster State with Trapped Ions

We propose a scheme to generate the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger （GHZ） states and the cluster states of many trapped ions. In the scheme, the ion is illuminated by a single laser tuned to the first lower vibrational sideband. The scheme only requires resonant interactions. Thus the scheme is very simple and the quantum dynamics operation can be realized at a high speed, which is important in view of decoherence.     

Quantum Logic Network for Probabilistic Teleportation of Two-Particle State in a General Form

A simplification scheme of probabilistic teleportation of two-particle state in a general form is given.By means of the primitive operations consisting of single-qubit gates,two-qubit controlled-not gates,Von Neumann measure-ment and classically controlled operations,we construct and efficient quantum logical network for implementing the new scheme of probabilistic teleportation of a two-particle state in a general form.     

Generation of Multipartite Ionic Entangled States only by Single-Qubit Measurements via Linear Optical Elements

We propose a scheme for generation of multipartite ionic Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger （GHZ） states only by single-qubit measurements. Our scheme not only does not need joint measurements but also avoids the difficulty of synchronizing the arrival time of the two scattered photons, which is faced by the previous schemes. Therefore our entanglement generation scheme can be implemented more easily than the schemes based on atomic interference in experiment.     

Methods of Constructing Quantum Channels for Teleporting a General Two-qubit State

By resorting to the tensor analysis, we derived an explicit CPM (channel parameter matrix) criterion based on the Bell state measurements. This criterion can be used to judge whether a four-qubit state can be employed as quantum channel or not for teleporting a general two-qubit state. According to this criterion, we presented a variety of quantum channels for faithful and deterministic teleportation of a general two-qubit state, which can provide more flexible choices for the experimenters.     

Linear Optical Implementation for Quantum Teleportation of Unknown Two-Qubit Entangled States

We present a linear optical implementation for quantum teleportation of an unknown two-qubit entangled state by using linear optical elements, such as beam splitters, phase shifters, and half wave plates. This method is based on the single photon representation of quantum bits. Four location qubits and one polarization qubit are used to realize quantum logical operations in the teleportation procedure of the unknown two-qubit entangled state.     

Linear optimal control for tracking a single fluorescent particle in a confocal microscope

We study the problem of localizing and tracking in a confocal laser scanning microscope a single fluorescent particle diffusing in three dimensions. The position of the particle is estimated from a collection of intensity measurements using a novel analytical algorithm. This estimator is then combined with a tracking algorithm based on a linear quadratic Gaussian controller to steer the detection volume of the microscope and follow the molecule. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated through numerical simulations. These results indicate that, in such a system, tracking in three dimensions of a particle moving with a diffusion constant larger than 1 μm²/s is possible without the need for additional sensors or lasers.     

Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Quasicrystals

An investigation is carried out on the linear and nonlinear optical properties of quasicrystaJs. The linear and nonlinear susceptibilities are determined for two- and three-dimensional ctuasicrystals. The results show that for optical linearity, two-dimensional quasicrystals are uniaxial, while icosahedral quasicrystals are optically isotropic. Meanwhile all ctuasicrystals, except those with 5, 5m, N, Nmm (N = 8, 10, 12) symmetries, have no the firstorder optical nonlinearity. The tensor scheme of the first order nonlinear susceptibility is the same for these eight exceptional kinds of quasicrystals.     

Generation of Entangled State and Entanglement Swapping

A scheme is proposed for the generation of entangled atomic states and a method is presented to produce entangled photon states. It is shown that entanglement can be swapped from atoms to cavities via atom-cavity interaction.     

Deterministic Generation of the Pure State from Unknown Initial State

It is demonstrated that for any pair of pure states ｜ψ0 〉 and ｜ψ s 〉 of the finite-dimensional quantum systems, we can construct such a unitary operator U that ｜ψs〉=U｜ψ0〉 Based on this result, we propose the two-steps method of deterministically creating pure state from unknown initial state. Just by performing quantum projective measurement operations and then performing different unitary operations according to the outcomes of measurement, one can constructively create any pure state from the unknown initial state. This research implies that any entangled pure state can be deterministically generated from unknown initial state by two kinds of physical operations： quantum projective measurement and unitary evolution.     

Stationary State Entanglement of Two Atoms Inside an Optical Cavity under Noise

In this paper, the entanglement properties of a system of two atoms inside an optical cavity in a stochastic interaction with field are studied by the Jaynes-Cummings Model. The phase telegraph noise is considered as a noise term and an exact solution to the model is obtained. The solution reveals the resulting decoherence effects of the noise on the entanglement properties of the system. It shows that under the noise the individual atoms do not entangle with the cavity field. However, a strong atom-atom entanglement is observed in a stationary state. It is seen that a relatively strong noise is cooperative in the construction of the steady state atom-atom entanglement.     

Linear and Nonlinear Optical Characterization of PolyDCHD-HS Films

Waveguiding films of the highly soluble polycarbazolydiacetylene polyDCHD-HS were prepared by spin coating and characterized at different wavelengths: 5 dB/cm propagation losses were observed at 1321 nm.Measurements of the third order nonliearity at 1064nm with the surface plasmon resonance method gave the valueχ(3)= i4.4×10-17+3.5×10-18 m2/V2.     

A Protocol for the Quantum Private Comparison of Equality with χ-Type State

We present a new quantum protocol for comparing the equal information with the help of a semi-honest third party (TP). Different from previous protocols, we utilize the four-particle χ-type states as the information carriers. Various kinds of outside attacks and participant attacks are discussed in detail. One party cannot learn the other’s private information. The TP cannot learn any information about the private information, even about the comparison result or the length of secret inputs.     

Controlled Teleportation of an Arbitrary Multi-Qudit State in a General Form with d-Dimensional Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger States

A general scheme for controlled teleportation of an arbitrary multi-qudit state with d-dimensional Greenberger- Horne--Zeilinger （GHZ） states is proposed. For an arbitrary m-qudit state, the sender Alice performs m generalized Bell-state projective measurements on her 2m qudits and the controllers need only take some single-particle measurements. The receiver Charlie can reconstruct the unknown m-qudit state by performing some single-qudit unitary operations on her particles if she cooperates with all the controllers. As the quantum channel is a sequence of maximally entangled GHZ states, the intrinsic efticiency for qudits in this scheme approaches 100% in principle.     

Linear Optical Implementation of Quantum Clock Synchronization Algorithm

We propose optical implementation for the quantum clock synchronization （QCS） algorithm by using only linear optical elements. Our method is based on the single photon representation of qubits. Two kinds of linear optical realization schemes, i.e,, the location-plus-polarization-qubit scheme and the all-location-qubit scheme, are proposed, respectively. Linear optical realizations of three-qubit and four-qubit QCS algorithm are explicitly presented.     

Implement of FEC in the Optical Transport Network

Forward error correction (FEC) is a method by which extra information is included along with the original signal to provide redundancy for correcting bit errors. According to Reed Solomon code regularity, a certain amount of bit errors can be corrected. The appropriate capability of correcting burst bits in error may be more flexible implement of FEC in the optical transport network. The suitable choice can effectively reduce cost of the optical transport network.     

Generation of Multiple-Photon GHZ State via Cavity-Assisted Interaction

We propose a scheme for preparing multiple-photon GHZ state via cavity-assisted interaction. There are n-pair single-photon pulses successively injected and reflected from two sides of the cavity, which traps one atom. After the atomic state is measured, a 2n-photon GHZ state is produced. In the ideal case, the successful probability of the scheme is close to unity.     

Generation of Two-Atom Cluster State via Cavity QED

We propose a physical scheme for generating a two-atom cluster state through the simultaneous interaction of two two-level atoms with a single-mode cavity field prepared initially in an odd-coherent state under a large-detuned limit. The influence of the dissipation constant, the intensity of the field and the imperfect manipulation on the preparation scheme are investigated. It is shown that when the intensity of the cavity is large enough, the influence of the cavity decay is ettlciently suppressed. The possible error in the implementation of the cluster state is negligible when the time difference between two atoms crossing the cavity axis is small. It is suggested that the scheme can be realized by current technologies.     

Quasi－Optical Cavity Virtual Cathode Oscillator for Microwave Generation

A new configuration of a virtual cathode oscillator (VCO), i.e., a quasi-optical cavity VCO, is proposed for high-power microwave generation. The analysis and simulation are carried out to investigate the characteristics of thisconfiguration. In the numerical simulation, the microwave output power of 2.93 GW is obtained with an electronbeam of 610 keV in electron energy and 26.7kA in the beam current. The beam-to-microwave power efficiency is18%. The frequency is 17.5 GHz, and the output microwave mode is TEM10.     

Generation of a Collimated Doughnut-Beam for Atom Trapping Using a Single-Cone Axicon

We propose a novel method to generate a collimated doughnut-beam (DB) using only one single-cone axicon andrealize it experimentally. The diameter of the DB is estimated by ray optics and is in good agreement with theexperimental results. The CUD image of the DB and the radial light intensity distribution are experimentallyobtained. The light intensity of the DB dark inner region is about 1% of the peak intensity of the DB. Thefar-field divergent angle is about 6mrad and seems to be well-collimated. With optimum values of the power andthe positive detuning of the laser field, the optical dipole potential of the DB can be chosen to be very large as agood confinement for atom trapping.