关于生物群落结构的一些研究方法

生物群落的物种多样性指数及物种种数是群落生态学工作者感兴趣的研究对象。我们利用刀切(Jackknife)方法与自助(Bootstrap)方法,以东北林业大学谅水林场的鸟类群落为具体研究对象,走了16条路线,每条路线上计数所见鸟类的种及数量,共发现52个种,927只鸟。由此对林场内鸟类群落及林场的四个不同林型内鸟类分布的Shannon多样性指数进行了区     

轴对称断裂动力学问题的自相似解

通过复变函数论的方法,对复合材料的圆盘状裂纹的轴对称性扩展问题进行研究.采用自相似方法,并根据任意的自相似指数的断裂动力学问题,进行自相似求解,导出解析解的一般表示.应用该法可以迅速地将所论问题转化为Riemann-Hilbert问题,并可以相当简单地得到问题的闭合解.利用这些解并采用叠加原理,就可以求得任意复杂问题的解.     

区间直觉模糊判断矩阵群决策中的逆判问题

研究了区间直觉模糊判断矩阵的群决策问题.定义了两种区间直觉模糊集相似度公式,给出两种与决策群体意见一致性程度最高的理想区间直觉模糊判断矩阵构造优化方法.利用矩阵对不同专家判断矩阵中相同位置元素的一致性进行分析,并对不同专家的判断信息进行整体相似程度分析,最后通过算例说明了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

基于距离的区间值Vague集的相似度量

分别利用平均值和Hausdorff测度将基于距离的实数型Vague集的相似度方法扩展到区间值Vague集上,比较各种方法的优缺点.填补了i-v Vague值(集)的相似度方法研究的空白.并通过例子说明利用Hausdorff测度度量距离得到的相似度量方法比用区间中值得到的相似度效度高.     

集合的粗相似度量

在近似空间中,利用粗糙集诱导的模糊集,定义了两个集合间的粗相似度的概念,讨论了其性质,并对四种具体的粗相似度进行了比较。     

相似剩余格及其对应逻辑系统的完备性

引入了相似剩余格的概念,讨论了剩余格上相似算子和等价算子的关系,并得到了真值剩余格和相似剩余格相互转化的方法.其次,研究了相似剩余格上的相似滤子,利用相似滤子刻画了可表示的相似剩余格.最后,引入了相似剩余格对应的逻辑系统,证明了其完备性定理,并得到了其成为半线性逻辑的条件.     

基于直觉模糊相似度量的群决策专家水平评判方法

针对基于直觉模糊信息的多属性群决策专家水平评判问题提出了理想矩阵分析法.在引入多属性群决策直觉模糊信息体(即决策信息体)和直觉模糊相似度量的基础上,通过计算决策矩阵与正、负理想矩阵之间的相似度,提出了基于直觉模糊相似度量的理想矩阵分析法,并利用该方法对算例中的专家评判水平进行排序,通过比较统计分析法和直觉模糊熵分析法说明该方法的可行性和有效性.     

连锁超市供应商仓库地点合并问题的数学模型及算法

研究了连锁超市供应商仓库地点合并问题.首先基于供应商仓库储存物品的种类提出了定量描述供应商仓库相似性的指标(相似度),进一步根据仓库之间的距离,对供应商仓库相似度进行了修正,得到了修正相似度.分别利用相似度和修正相似度建立了供应商仓库合并问题的数学模型,设计了求解模型的启发式算法.以某连锁超市供应商仓库地点合并问题为例进行了模拟计算和分析,结果显示,利用修正相似度模型得到的计算结果明显优于利用一般相似度模型得到的结果.     

聚类分析与因子分析在天津港富营养化分析中的应用

为识别天津港富营养化发生的主要环境因子,将聚类分析与因子分析相结合,对天津港海域的水质进行综合评价.结合近期天津港南部海域的生态和水质监测数据,利用SAS统计分析软件,首先以富营养化海域的生态群落指标作为聚类指标,对各监测点进行聚类分析,按照生态群落效应将各监测点分为三类;然后分别对三类监测点水质进行因子分析,识别导致各类水质富氧化的主要环境因子,并确定污染的来源与贡献.     

群决策中基于判断相似度的专家聚类及群体意见集结方法

针对大规模群决策问题,提出了一种基于专家意见相似度的群体判断信息逐步集结规划的方法。首先利用备选方案序关系向量的灰色关联度和夹角余弦构造两两专家判断信息的组合相似度;其次以判断相似度为标准,采用一种广度邻居搜索算法对专家进行聚类;然后以判断偏差最小为目标,构造非线性的约束规划模型对每一类专家意见进行集结,从而获得类内专家的集结信息;最后从专家数量最多的类别开始,依次对每类专家集结后的判断信息进行再次集结,从而获得最终的评判结果。该方法将大规模的复杂群决 策转化为低复杂度的多阶段专家信息集结问题,并保证了群体结果的一致性。算例分析验证了方法的可行性和有效性。     

On the Convergence of the Brent Method

1.IntroductionItiswellknownthattheBrentmethodforsolvingsystemsofnonlinearequati0nsistosolvethefo1lowingsystem:bymaldnguseoftheorthogonaltriangulaxfaCtoriz8tion.SupP0sethatwehaveanaPprokimationx(k)tox*,asoluti0nof(1.1).Thenthek-thiterativeprocedurecanbedescribedasfollows[1]:wherehk/Oisthedifferencestepcorrespondingtotheindexk(wewilldiscussthechoicesofhkinSecti0n4)-Constructanorthogonalmatrix(usuallybytheHouseholdtransf0rmation)Step4.Ifj相似文献   

On the Convergence of the Cross-Entropy Method

The cross-entropy method is a relatively new method for combinatorial optimization. The idea of this method came from the simulation field and then was successfully applied to different combinatorial optimization problems. The method consists of an iterative stochastic procedure that makes use of the importance sampling technique. In this paper we prove the asymptotical convergence of some modifications of the cross-entropy method.     

复合材料旋转壳非线性稳定性分析计算

利用前屈曲一致理论和能量变分法分析计算了复合材料旋转壳非线性稳定性.前屈曲应变-位移关系采用非线性的卡门方程,能量积分采用数值积分,用势能最小原理求解前屈曲位移和内力,提出了求解临界载荷的实用计算方法,用FORTRAN语言编制了相应的计算机程序,并给出了算例.     

On the accuracy of the projection computation of the collision integral

The accuracy of the projection method as applied to the computation of the collision integral is analyzed. It is shown that the method has an error of the second order of smallness with respect to the mesh size. An optimal method for choosing additional nodes that minimizes the computational error is found. The theoretical conclusions and the optimality of the method are confirmed in a series of numerical experiments.     

混凝土构件检测样本容量的确定方法

混凝土构件检测时,一般采用百分比抽样的方式.以回弹法中对混凝土强度进行检测时采用百分比抽样的抽样方式为例,从绝对误差限和相对误差限的角度分析了不同构件总量均采用此方法抽取样本的不合理性,并提出在不同混凝土强度等级、不同构件总数的情况下,通过控制一定的误差限来确定样本数量的方法.通过理论和实例分析,提出在抽样过程中,采用分层抽样技术对检测构件进行合理分层,降低总体方差,可减少样本数量.这种方法也适用于其它检测问题的样本容量的确定.     

The estimation of the strength of the heat source in the heat conduction problems

A general method is proposed to determine the strength of the heat source in the Fourier and non-Fourier heat conduction problems. A finite difference method, the concept of the future time and a modified Newton–Raphson method are adopted in the problem. The undetermined heat source at each time step is formulated as an unknown variable in a set of equations from the measured temperature and the calculated temperature. Then, an iterative process is used to solve the set of equations. No selected function is needed to represent the undetermined function in advance. Three examples are used to demonstrate the characteristics of the proposed method. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by the numerical results. The results show that the proposed method is an accurate and stable method to determine the strength of the heat source in the inverse hyperbolic heat conduction problems. Furthermore, the result shows that more future times are needed in the hyperbolic equation than that of parabolic equation. Moreover, the robustness and the accuracy of the estimated results in the non-Fourier problem are not as well as those of the Fourier problem.     

On the convergence of the sequences of Gerschgorin-like disks

Carstensen’s results from 1991, connected with Gerschgorin’s disks, are used to establish a theorem concerning the localization of polynomial zeros and to derive an a posteriori error bound method. The presented quasi-interval method possesses useful property of inclusion methods to produce disks containing all simple zeros of a polynomial. The centers of these disks behave as approximations generated by a cubic derivative free method where the use of quantities already calculated in the previous iterative step decreases the computational cost. We state initial convergence conditions that guarantee the convergence of error bound method and prove that the method has the order of convergence three. Initial conditions are computationally verifiable since they depend only on the polynomial coefficients, its degree and initial approximations. Some computational aspects and the possibility of implementation on parallel computers are considered, including two numerical examples.In honor of Professor Richard S. Varga.     

On the cubic convergence of the Paardekooper method

We show a simple way how asymptotic convergence results can be conveyed from a simple Jacobi method to a block Jacobi method. Our pilot methods are the well known symmetric Jacobi method and the Paardekooper method for reducing a skew-symmetric matrix to the real Schur form. We show resemblance in the quadratic and cubic convergence estimates, but also discrepances in the asymptotic assumptions. By numerical tests we confirm that our asymptotic assumptions for the Paardekooper method are most general.     

On the regularizing properties of the GMRES method

Summary. The GMRES method is a popular iterative method for the solution of large linear systems of equations with a nonsymmetric nonsingular matrix. However, little is known about the behavior of this method when it is applied to the solution of nonsymmetric linear ill-posed problems with a right-hand side that is contaminated by errors. We show that when the associated error-free right-hand side lies in a finite-dimensional Krylov subspace, the GMRES method is a regularization method. The iterations are terminated by a stopping rule based on the discrepancy principle. Received November 10, 2000 / Revised version received April 11, 2001 / Published online October 17, 2001     

商业银行操作风险的度量——基于非参数方法

在损失分布方法的基础上,本文基于非参数方法对商业银行操作风险的度量进行了研究。非参数方法对损失额的分布不作过多的设定,避免了由于分布误设可能出现的偏差。古典的核密度估计对损失额拟合的效果不太好,特别是尾部的拟合效果更差。变换后的核密度估计的拟合效果比古典的核密度估计改善很多.基于变换后的核密度估计对商业银行操作风险损失度量可以得到不同置信水平的VaR与ES,并且不同置信水平的差距比较大。基于非参数与基于参数方法得到的各个置信水平的VaR与ES有一定差距。