Synthesis and structural characterization of a series of high-hydride content osmium-rhodium carbonyl complexes by the hydrogenation of arene-coordinated clusters

The reaction of [Os3Rh(mu-H)3(CO)12] with an excess amount of 4-vinylphenol (as hydride acceptor) in refluxing m-xylene, chlorobenzene or benzene yielded the three new clusters [Os5Rh2(mu-CO){eta6-C6H4(CH3)2}(CO)16] 1, [Os5Rh2(mu-CO)(eta6-C6H5Cl)(CO)16] 2 and [Os5Rh2(mu-CO)(eta6-C6H6)(CO)16] 3. The treatment of [Os3Rh(mu-H)3(CO)12] 4 in refluxing toluene with an excess amount of 4-vinylphenol afforded a new complex, [Os4Rh(mu-H)(eta6-C6H5CH3)(CO)12], which was isolated as a brown complex in 20% yield together with two known compounds, [Os5Rh2(eta6-C6H5CH3)(mu-CO)(CO)16] in 10% yield and [Os3Rh4(mu3-eta1:eta1:eta1-C6H5CH3)(CO)13] in 5% yield. Complexes 1-4 were fully characterized by IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography. The molecular structures of compounds 1-3 are isomorphous, and only differ in the arene-derivatives that attach to the same metal core. Their metal cores can be viewed as a monocapped octahedral, in which an osmium atom caps one of the Os-Os-Os triangular faces of the Os4Rh2 metal framework. Complex 4 has a trigonal-bipyramidal metal core with a C6H5Me ligand that is terminally bound to the Rh atom that lies in the trigonal plane of the metal core. The hydrogenation of [Os5Rh2(eta6-C6H5CH3)(mu-CO)(CO)16] with [Os3(mu-H)2(CO)10] in chloroform under reflux resulted in two hydrogen-rich compounds: [Os7Rh3(mu-H)11(CO)23] 5 and [Os5Rh3Cl(mu-H)8(CO)18] 6, both in moderate yields. The reaction of [Os5Rh2(eta6-C6H5CH3)(mu-CO)(CO)16] with hydrogen in refluxing chloroform yielded a new cluster compound, [Os5Rh(mu-H)5(CO)18] 7, in 20% yield, together with a known osmium-rhodium cluster, [Os6Rh(mu-H)7(mu-CO)(CO)18], as a major compound. Clusters 5, 6, and 7 have been fully characterized by both spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. Additionally, a deuterium-exchange experiment was performed on [Os7Rh3(mu-H)11(CO)23] 5 and [Os5Rh3Cl(mu-H)8(CO)18] 6. Both the compounds proved to be able to exchange the H atom with D in the presence of D2SO4, and the absence of the hydride signal in the 1H NMR spectrum is consistent with this. Therefore, clusters 5 and 6 may serve as appropriate new hydrogen storage models.     

Triruthenium and triosmium carbonyl clusters containing chiral bidentate NHC-thiolate ligands derived from levamisole

The trinuclear complexes [M3(mu-Cl)(mu-S approximately CH)(CO)9] (M=Ru, Os; S approximately CH=1-ethylenethiolate-3-H-4-(S)-phenylimidazolin-2-ylidene) and [M3(mu-H)(mu-S approximately CMe)(CO)9] (M=Ru, Os; S approximately CMe=1-ethylenethiolate-3-methyl-4-(S)-phenylimidazolin-2-ylidene) have been prepared by treating [Ru3(CO)12] and [Os3(CO)10(MeCN)2] with levamisolium chloride or [M3(mu-H)(CO)11]- with methyl levamisolium triflate, respectively. The chiral N-heterocyclic carbene-thiolate ligands S approximately CH and S approximately CMe arise from the oxidative addition of the C-S bond of levamisolium or methyl levamisolium cations to anionic trinuclear clusters.     

Synthesis and structure of two tetranuclear osmium carbonyl isotopomers: a crystallographic isotope effect

A synthetic route to [Os4(mu-H)(mu-OH)(mu-CO)(CO)12] ( 1) has been devised through the activation of [Os4(CO)14] with Me3NO. The pyrolysis and photolysis of the reactant in the presence of a trace amount of water produces 1 in low yield. The solid-state structure of [Os4(mu-H)(mu-OH)(mu-CO)(CO)12 x H2O] (1 x H2O) reveals a butterfly Os4 skeleton with bridging H, OH and CO ligands as well as hydrogen-bonded molecules of water in the crystal lattice. A low-temperature 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopic study revealed a merry-go-round exchange of CO ligands around the Os3 plane containing the asymmetric bridging CO. The exposure of 1 x H2O to D2O yielded [Os4(mu-H)(mu-OD)(mu-CO)(CO)12]2. Although the solid-state, intramolecular structure of 2 closely matched that of 1 x H2O, the intermolecular structure did not: its crystal lattice contained no water of crystallization, a previously unreported crystallographic isotope effect.     

1,2,3,4-Tetraphenyl-1,2,3,4-tetraphospholane,a highly versatile cyclocarbaphosphine ligand: reactions with activated triosmium clusters and characterization of the products

Reaction of 1,2,3,4-tetraphenyl-1,2,3,4-tetraphospholane (I) with [Os(3)(CO)(11)(NCMe)] at ambient temperature affords substituted clusters: the monosubstituted trinuclear cluster [Os(3)(CO)(11)[(PPh)(4)CH(2)]] (1) and the isomeric linked bis-trinuclear clusters [[Os(3)(CO)(11)](2)[mu-1,4-eta(2)-(PPh)(4)CH(2)]] (2) and [[Os(3)(CO)(11)](2)[mu-1,3-eta(2)-(PPh)(4)CH(2)]] (3). Clusters 2 and 3 can also be prepared by further reaction of 1 with [Os(3)(CO)(11)(NCMe)]. The reaction at 100 degrees C gives, apart from cluster 2, the disubstituted 1,4-bridged trinuclear cluster [Os(3)(CO)(10)[mu-1,4-eta(2)-(PPh)(4)CH(2)]] (4). The conversion of 1 into 4 can be achieved through the pyrolysis of a solution of 1. When 1 reacts with an equimolar amount of [Os(3)(CO)(10)(mu-H)(2)] at 100 degrees C in toluene, the 1,2,4-linked bis-trinuclear cluster [Os(3)(CO)(11)[mu(3)-1,2,4-eta(3)-(PPh)(4)CH(2)]Os(3)(CO)(8)(mu-H)(2)] (5) is obtained. When I reacts with a 2-fold molar amount of [Os(3)(CO)(10)(mu-H)(2)], the 1,2,3,4-linked bis-trinuclear hydride cluster [[Os(3)(CO)(8)(mu-H)(2)](2)[mu(4)-1,2,3,4-eta(4)-(PPh)(4)CH(2)]] (6) is obtained. Cluster 1 exists as two conformational isomers (1y and 1r) in the crystalline state, due to different conformational arrangements of pseudoaxial carbonyls in the cluster. Cluster 3 shows two interconvertible conformers (3y and 3r) due to the inversion of the configuration of the uncoordinated outer phosphorus atom, and a pair of enantiomers exists in 3r. All of the new compounds obtained have been characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques, and their structures have been established by X-ray crystallography.     

Synthesis, structure, and transformation of novel osmium azine and ylide complexes

Three novel triosmium complexes with unusual coordination characteristics are reported. Treatment of the hydridotriosmium cluster (mu-H)2Os3(CO)10 with CNNPPh3 in CH2Cl2 gave complexes (mu-H)Os3(CO)(10)(mu2-eta2-C(H)NNPPh3) (1) and (mu-H)Os3(CO)10(mu2-eta1-CHPPh3) (2). Complex 1 represents the first example of the existence of a coordinated phosphinazine ligand. An in-situ 1H NMR study showed that the reaction of (mu-H)2Os3(CO)10 with CNNPPh3 produced complex 1 as the initial product in 100% conversion. The latter is not stable in solution and slowly eliminates nitrogen to form an unusual ylide complex 2 in quantitative yield. The thermolysis of 2 in refluxing toluene afforded (mu-H)3Os3(CO)9(mu3-eta1-CCO2CH2Ph) (3) as a colorless compound. Complexes 1-3 were characterized by spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The interesting feature of structure 3 is the presence of a mu3-alkylidyne ligand where the symmetrically triply bridged CCO2CH2Ph fragment lies perpendicular to and above the triosmium triangle.     

Preparation and characterization of novel Os-diolefin dimers: new entry to Os-cyclooctadiene complexes

The complex [H(EtOH)2][{OsCl(eta4-COD)}2(mu-H)(mu-Cl)2] (1) has been prepared in high yield by treatment of OsCl3.3H2O (54% Os) with 1,5-cyclooctadiene in ethanol under reflux. Under air, it is unstable and undergoes oxidation by action of O2 to afford the neutral derivative {OsCl(eta4-COD)}2(mu-H)(mu-Cl)2 (2). The terminal chlorine ligands of the anion of 1 are activated toward nucleophilic substitution. Thus, reaction of the salt [NBu4][{OsCl(eta4-COD)}2(mu-H)(mu-Cl)2] (1a) with NaCp in toluene gives [NBu4][{Os(mu1-C5H5)(eta4-COD)}(mu-H)(mu-Cl)2{OsCl(eta4-COD)}] (3) as a result of the replacement of one of the terminal chlorine atoms by the cyclopentadienyl ligand. The CH2 group of the latter can be deprotonated by the bridging methoxy ligand of the iridium dimer [Ir(mu-OMe)(eta4-COD)]2. The reaction leads to the trinuclear derivative [NBu4][{(eta4-COD)Ir(mu5-C5H4-mu1)Os(eta4-COD)}(mu-H)(mu-Cl)2{OsCl(eta4-COD)}] (4) containing a bridging C5H4 ligand that is eta1-coordinated to an osmium atom of the dimeric unit and mu5-coordinated to the Ir(eta4-COD) moiety. Salt 1a also reacts with LiC[triple bond]CPh. In this case, the reaction produces the substitution of both terminal chlorine ligands to afford the bis(alkynyl) derivative [NBu4][{Os(C[triple bond]CPh)(eta4-COD)}2(mu-H)(mu-Cl)2] (5). Complexes 1, 2, 3, and 4 have been characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. Although the separations between the osmium atoms are short, between 2.6696(4) and 2.8633(5) A, theoretical calculations indicate that only in 2 is there direct metal-metal interaction, as the bond order is 0.5.     

Reactivity of triruthenium thiophyne and furyne clusters: competitive S-C and P-C bond cleavage reactions and the generation of highly unsymmetrical alkyne ligands

The synthesis and reactivity of the thiophyne and furyne clusters [Ru3(CO)7(mu-dppm)(mu3-eta2-C4H2E)(mu-P(C4H3E)2)(mu-H)] (E = S, O) is reported. Addition of P(C4H3E)3 to [Ru3(CO)10(mu-dppm)] (1) at room temperature in the presence of Me3NO gives simple substitution products [Ru3(CO)9(mu-dppm)(P(C4H3E)3)] (E = S, 2; E = O, 3). Mild thermolysis in the presence of further Me3NO affords the thiophyne and furyne complexes [Ru3(CO)7(mu-dppm)(mu3-eta2-C4H2E)(mu-P(C4H3E)2)(mu-H)] (E = S, 4; E = O, 6) resulting from both carbon-hydrogen and carbon-phosphorus bond activation. In each the C4H2E (E = S, O) ligand donates 4-electrons to the cluster and the rings are tilted with respect to the mu-dppm and the phosphido-bridged open triruthenium unit. Heating 4 at 80 degrees C leads to the formation of the ring-opened cluster [Ru3(CO)5(mu-CO)(mu-dppm)(mu3-eta3-SC4H3)(mu-P(C4H3S)2)] (5) resulting from carbon-sulfur bond scission and carbon-hydrogen bond formation and containing a ring-opened mu3-eta3-1-thia-1,3-butadiene ligand. In contrast, a similar thermolysis of 3 affords the phosphinidene cluster [Ru3(CO)7(mu-dppm)(mu3-eta2-C4H2O)(mu3-P(C4H3O))] (7) resulting from a second phosphorus-carbon bond cleavage and (presumably) elimination of furan. Treatment of 4 and 6 with PPh3 affords the simple phosphine-substituted products [Ru3(CO)6(PPh3)(mu-dppm)(mu3-eta2-C4H2E)(mu-P(C4H3E)2)(mu-H)] (E = S, 8; E = O, 9). Both thiophyne and furyne clusters 4 and 6 readily react with hydrogen bromide to give [Ru3(CO)6Br(mu-Br)(mu-dppm)(mu3-eta2-eta1-C4H2E)(mu-P(C4H3E)2)(mu-H)] (E = S, 10; E = O, 11) containing both terminal and bridging bromides. Here the alkynes bind in a highly unsymmetrical manner with one carbon acting as a bridging alkylidene and the second as a terminally bonded Fisher carbene. As far as we are aware, this binding mode has only previously been noted in ynamine complexes or those with metals in different oxidation states. The crystal structures of seven of these new triruthenium clusters have been carried out, allowing a detailed analysis of the relative orientations of coordinated ligands.     

Activation of metal hydride complexes by tri-tert-butylphosphine-platinum and -palladium groups

The compounds HM(CO)4SnPh3, M = Os (10), Ru (11) are activated in the presence of Pt(PBut3)2 and Pd(PBu(t)3)2 toward the insertion of PhC2H into the M-H bond. The compounds PtOs(CO)4(SnPh3)(PBu(t)3)[mu-HCC(H)Ph], 12, and PtOs(CO)4(SnPh3)(PBu(t)3)[mu-H2CCPh], 13, were obtained from the reaction of 10 with PhC2H in the presence of Pt(PBu(t)3)2. Compounds 12 and 13 are isomers containing alkenyl ligands formed by the insertion of the PhC2H molecule into the Os-H bond at both the substituted and unsubstituted carbon atoms of the alkyne. Both compounds contain a Pt(PBu(t)3) group that is bonded to the osmium atom and a bridging alkenyl ligand that is pi-bonded to the osmium atom. The reaction of 11 with PhC2H in the presence of Pt(PBu(t)3)2 yielded the products PtRu(CO)4(SnPh3)(PBu(t)3)[mu-HC2(H)Ph], 14, and PtRu(CO)4(SnPh3)(PBut3)[mu-H2C2Ph], 15, which are also isomers similar to 12 and 13. The reaction of 11 with PhC2H in the presence of Pd(PBu(t)3)2 yielded the product PdRu(CO)4(SnPh3)(PBu(t)3)[mu-H2C2Ph], 16. Compound 16 contains a Pd(PBu(t)3) group bonded to the ruthenium atom and a bridging H2C2Ph ligand that is pi-bonded to the palladium atom. Compound 10 reacted with Pt(PBu(t)3)2 in the absence of PhC2H to yield the compound PtOs(CO)4(SnPh3)(PBu(t)3)(mu-H), 17. Compound 17 is a Pt(PBu(t)3) adduct of 10. It contains a Pt-Os bond with a bridging hydrido ligand. Compound 17 reacted with PhC2H to yield 12. Compound 12 reacted with PhC2H to yield the compound PtOs(CO)3(SnPh3)(PBu(t)3)[mu-HCC(Ph)C(H)C(H)Ph], 18. Compound 18 contains a bridging 2,4-diphenylbutadienyl ligand, HCC(Ph)C(H)C(H)Ph, that is pi-bonded to the osmium atom and sigma-bonded to the platinum atom. Fenkse-Hall molecular orbitals of 17 were calculated. The LUMO of 17 exhibits an empty orbital on the platinum atom that appears to be the most likely site for PhC2H addition prior to its insertion into the Os-H bond.     

Substitution, cage functionalization, and oxidation of the charge-compensated triruthenium monocarbollide cluster complex [1-SMe2-2,2-(CO)2-7,11-(mu-H)2-2,7,11-{Ru2(CO)6}-closo-2,1-RuCB10H8

The compound [1-SMe2-2,2-(CO)2-7,11-(mu-H)2-2,7,11-{Ru2(CO)6}-closo-2,1-RuCB10H8] 1a reacts with PMe3 or PCy3(Cy = cyclo-C6H11) to give the structurally different species [1-SMe2-2,2-(CO)2-7,11-(mu-H)2-2,7,11-{Ru2(CO)5(PMe3)}-closo-2,1-RuCB10H8] 4 and [1-SMe2-2,2-(CO)2-11-(mu-H)-2,7,11-{Ru2(mu-H)(CO)5(PCy3)}-closo-2,1-RuCB10H8]5, respectively. A symmetrically disubstituted product [1-SMe2-2,2-(CO)2-7,11-(mu-H)2-2,7,11-{Ru2(CO)4(PMe3)2}-closo-2,1-RuCB10H8] 6 is obtained using an excess of PMe3. In contrast, the chelating diphosphines 1,1'-(PPh2)2-Fe(eta-C5H4)2 and 1,2-(PPh2)2-closo-1,2-C2B10H10 react with 1a to yield oxidative-insertion species [1-SMe2-2,2-(CO)2-11-(mu-H)-2,7,11-{Ru2(mu-H)(micro-[1',1'-(PPh2)2-Fe(eta-C5H4)2])(CO)4}-closo-2,1-RuCB10H8] 7 and [1-SMe2-2,2-(CO)2-11-(mu-H)-2,7,11-{Ru2(mu-H)(CO)4(1',2'-(PPh2)2-closo-1',2'-C2B10H10)}-closo-2,1-RuCB10H8] 8, respectively. In toluene at reflux temperatures, 1a with Bu(t)SSBu(t) gives [1-SMe2-2,2-(CO)2-7-(mu-SBu(t))-11-(mu-H)-2,7,11-{Ru2(mu-H)(mu-SBu(t))(CO)4}-closo-2,1-RuCB10H8] 9, and with Bu(t)C [triple bond] CH gives [1-SMe2-2,2-(CO)2-7-{mu:eta2-(E)-CH=C(H)Bu(t)}-11-{mu:eta2-(E)-CH=C(H)Bu(t)}-2,7,11-{Ru2(CO)5}-closo-2,1-RuCB10H8] 10. In the latter, two alkyne groups have inserted into cage B-H groups, with one of the resulting B-vinyl moieties involved in a C-H...Ru agostic bond. Oxidation of 1a with I2 or HgCl2 affords the mononuclear ruthenium complex [1-SMe2-2,2,2-(CO)3-closo-2,1-RuCB10H10] 11.     

High yield synthesis and reactivity of a phosphinidene bridged dimolybdenum complex

Protonation of [Mo2Cp2(mu-H)(mu-PHR*)(CO)4] (Cp = eta5-C5H5, R* = 2,4,6-C6H2tBu3) with HBF4.OEt2 gives the hydridophosphinidene complex [Mo2Cp2(mu-H)(mu-PR*)(CO)4]BF4, which is easily deprotonated with H2O to give the known phosphinidene complex [Mo2Cp2(mu-PR*)(CO)4] in 95% yield. Reaction of the latter with I2 gives the unsaturated phosphinidene complex [Mo2Cp2I2(mu-PR*)(CO)2], which exhibits an intermetallic distance of 2.960(2) A. Irradiation of solutions of [Mo2Cp2(mu-PR*)(CO)4] with UV light gives a mixture of the triply bonded [Mo2Cp2(mu-PR*)(mu-CO)2] and the hydridophosphido derivative [Mo2Cp2(mu-H){mu-P(CH2CMe2)C6H2tBu2}(CO)4] as major species. The latter complex results from an intramolecular C-H bond cleavage from a tBu group and has been characterized by spectroscopy and an X-ray study. Irradiation in the presence of HCC(p-tol) results in the insertion of the alkyne into the Mo-P bond to give [Mo2Cp2{mu-eta1:eta2,kappa-C(p-tol)CHPR*}(CO)4] structurally characterized through an X-ray study.     

Diruthenium dithiolato cyanides: basic reactivity studies and a post hoc examination of nature's choice of Fe versus Ru for hydrogenogenesis

The reaction of Ru2(S2C3H6)(CO)6 (1) with 2 equiv of Et4NCN yielded (Et4N)2[Ru2(S2C3H6)(CN)2(CO)4], (Et4N)2[3], which was shown crystallographically to consist of a face-sharing bioctahedron with the cyanide ligands in the axial positions, trans to the Ru-Ru bond. Competition experiments showed that 1 underwent cyanation >100x more rapidly than the analogous Fe2(S2C3H6)(CO)6. Furthermore, Ru2(S2C3H6)(CO)6 underwent dicyanation faster than [Ru2(S2C3H6)(CN)(CO)5]-, implicating a highly electrophilic intermediate [Ru2(S2C3H6)(mu-CO)(CN)(CO)5]-. Ru2(S2C3H6)(CO)6 (1) is noticeably more basic than the diiron compound, as demonstrated by the generation of [Ru2(S2C3H6)(mu-H)(CO)6]+, [1H]+. In contrast to 1, the complex [1H]+ is unstable in MeCN solution and converts to [Ru2(S2C3H6)(mu-H)(CO)5(MeCN)]+. (Et4N)2[3] was shown to protonate with HOAc (pKa = 22.3, MeCN) and, slowly, with MeOH and H2O. Dicyanide [3]2- is stable toward excess acid, unlike the diiron complex; it slowly forms the coordination polymer [Ru2(S2C3H6)(mu-H)(CN)(CNH)(CO)4]n, which can be deprotonated with Et3N to regenerate [H3]-. Electrochemical experiments demonstrate that [3H]- catalyzes proton reduction at -1.8 V vs Ag/AgCl. In contrast to [3]2-, the CO ligands in [3H]- undergo displacement. For example, PMe3 and [3H]- react to produce [Ru2(S2C3H6)(mu-H)(CN)2(CO)3(PMe3)]-. Oxidation of (Et4N)2[3] with 1 equiv of Cp2Fe+ gave a mixture of [Ru2(S2C3H6)(mu-CO)(CN)3(CO)3]- and [Ru2(S2C3H6)(CN)(CO)5]-, via a proposed [Ru2]2(mu-CN) intermediate. Overall, the ruthenium analogues of the diiron dithiolates exhibit reactivity highly reminiscent of the diiron species, but the products are more robust and the catalytic properties appear to be less promising.     

Sigma-organyl complexes of ruthenium and osmium supported by a mixed-donor ligand

A series of vinyl, aryl, acetylide and silyl complexes [Ru(R)(kappa2-MI)(CO)(PPh3)2] (R = CH=CH2, CH=CHPh, CH=CHC6H4CH3-4, CH=CH(t)Bu, CH=2OH, C(C triple bond CPh)=CHPh, C6H5, C triple bond CPh, SiMe2OEt; MI = 1-methylimidazole-2-thiolate) were prepared from either [Ru(R)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2] or [Ru(R)Cl(CO)(BTD)(PPh3)2](BTD = 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) by reaction with the nitrogen-sulfur mixed-donor ligand, 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole (HMI), in the presence of base. In the same manner, [Os(CH=CHPh)(kappa2-MI)(CO)(PPh3)2] was prepared from [Os(CH=CHPh)(CO)Cl(BTD)(PPh3)2]. The in situ hydroruthenation of 1-ethynylcyclohexan-1-ol by [RuH(CO)Cl(BTD)(PPh3)2] and subsequent addition of the HMI ligand and excess sodium methoxide yielded the dehydrated 1,3-dienyl complex [Ru(CH=CHC6H9)(kappa2-MI)(CO)(PPh3)2]. Dehydration of the complex [Ru(CH=CHCPh2OH)(kappa2-MI)(CO)(PPh3)2] with HBF4 yielded the vinyl carbene [Ru(=CHCH=CPh2)(kappa2-MI)(CO)(PPh3)2]BF4. The hydride complexes [MH(kappa2-MI)(CO)(PPh3)2](M = Ru, Os) were obtained from the reaction of HMI and KOH with [RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3] and [OsHCl(CO)(BTD)(PPh3)2], respectively. Reaction of [Ru(CH=CHC6H4CH3-4)(kappa2-MI)(CO)(PPh3)2] with excess HC triple bond CPh leads to isolation of the acetylide complex [Ru(C triple bond CPh)(kappa2-MI)(CO)(PPh3)2], which is also accessible by direct reaction of [Ru(C triple bond CPh)Cl(CO)(BTD)(PPh3)2] with 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole and NaOMe. The thiocarbonyl complex [Ru(CPh = CHPh)Cl(CS)(PPh3)2] reacted with HMI and NaOMe without migration to yield [Ru(CPh= CHPh)(kappa2-MI)(CS)(PPh3)2], while treatment of [Ru(CH=CHPh)Cl(CO)2(PPh3)2] with HMI yielded the monodentate acyl product [Ru{eta(1)-C(=O)CH=CHPh}(kappa2-MI)(CO)(PPh3)2]. The single-crystal X-ray structures of five complexes bearing vinyl, aryl, acetylide and dienyl functionality are reported.     

Primary and secondary phosphane complexes of metalloporphyrins: isolation, spectroscopy, and X-ray crystal structures of ruthenium and osmium porphyrins binding phenyl- or diphenylphosphane

[Ru(II)(por)(PH(n)Ph(3-n))2], [Os(II)(por)(CO)(PH(n)Ph(3-n))] (n=1, 2), and [Os(II)(F20-tpp){P(OH)Ph2}(PHPh2)] (F20-tpp=5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinato dianion) were prepared from the reaction of [M(II)(por)(CO)] (M=Ru, Os) or [Os(VI)(por)O2] with the respective primary/secondary phosphane and characterized by 1H NMR, 31P NMR, UV/Vis, and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The reaction of [Os(VI)(por)O2] with PHPh2 also gave minor amounts of [Os(II)(por){P(OH)Ph2}2]. [Ru(II)(F20-tpp)(PH2Ph)2] exhibits a remarkable stability toward air and shows a reversible metal-centered oxidation couple at E(1/2)=0.39 V versus [Cp2Fe](+/0) in the cyclic voltammogram. The structures of [Ru(II)(F20-tpp)(PH2Ph)2] x 2CH2Cl2, [Ru(II)(4-Cl-tpp)(PHPh2)2] x 2CH2Cl2 (4-Cl-tpp=5,10,15,20-tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)porphyrinato dianion), [Ru(II)(F20-tpp)(PHPh2)2], and [Os(II)(F20-tpp){P(OH)Ph2}2] were determined by X-ray crystallography and feature Ru-P distances of 2.3397(11)-2.3609(9) A and an Os-P distance of 2.369(2) A.     

Catalytic hydrogenation by triruthenium clusters: a mechanistic study with parahydrogen-induced polarization

The reactivity of the cluster family [Ru(3)(CO)(12-x)(L)(x)] (in which L=PMe(3), PMe(2)Ph, PPh(3) and PCy(3), x=1-3) towards hydrogen is described. When x=2, three isomers of [Ru(3)(H)(mu-H)(CO)(9)(L)(2)] are formed, which differ in the arrangement of their equatorial phosphines. Kinetic studies reveal the presence of intra- and inter-isomer exchange processes with activation parameters and solvent effects indicating the involvement of ruthenium-ruthenium bond heterolysis and CO loss, respectively. When x=3, reaction with H(2) proceeds to form identical products to those found with x=2, while when x=1 a single isomer of [Ru(3)(H)(mu-H)(CO)(10)(L)] is formed. Species [Ru(3)(H)(mu-H)(CO)(9)(L)(2)] have been shown to play a kinetically significant role in the hydrogenation of an alkyne substrate through initial CO loss, with rates of H(2) transfer being explicitly determined for each isomer. A less significant secondary reaction involving loss of L yields a detectable product that contains both a pendant vinyl unit and a bridging hydride ligand. Competing pathways that involve fragmentation to form [Ru(H)(2)(CO)(2)(L)(alkyne)] are also observed and shown to be favoured by nonpolar solvents. Kinetic data reveal that catalysis based on [Ru(3)(CO)(10)(PPh(3))(2)] is the most efficient although [Ru(3)(H)(mu-H)(CO)(9)(PMe(3))(2)] corresponds to the most active of the detected intermediates.     

Platinum-osmium cluster complexes from the addition of Pt(PBut3) groups to Os3(CO)12

Three new compounds, PtOs(3)(CO)(12)(PBu(t)(3)) (10), Pt(2)Os(3)(CO)(12)(PBu(t)(3))(2) (11), and Pt(3)Os(3)(CO)(12)(PBu(t)(3))(3) (12), have been obtained from the reaction of Pt(PBu(t)(3))(2) with Os(3)(CO)(12) (9). The products were formed by the sequential addition of 1-3 Pt(PBu(t)(3)) groups to the three Os-Os bonds of the metal cluster of Os(3)(CO)(12). In solution, compounds 10-12 interconvert among themselves by intermolecular exchange of the Pt(PBu(t)(3)) groups. When 11 is treated with PPh(3), the mono- and bis(PPh(3)) derivatives of 9, Os(3)(CO)(11)(PPh(3)) and Os(3)(CO)(10)(PPh(3))(2), were obtained by elimination of the Pt(PBu(t)(3)) groups together with one and two CO ligands, respectively. When heated, compound 11 was transformed into the new compound Pt(2)Os(3)(CO)(10)(PBu(t)(3))(PBu(t)(2)CMe(2)CH(2))(mu-H) (13) by the loss of two CO ligands and a metalation of one of the methyl groups of one of the PBu(t)(3) ligands. Compounds 10-13 have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.     

Synthesis and nonlinear optical absorption of novel porphyrin-osmium-cluster complexes

Reaction of azido(tetra-p-tolylporphyrinato)indium(III) [TTPInN(3)] and [Os(3)(mu-H)(2)(CO)(10)] in toluene at 80 degrees C overnight gave two major products, complexes 1 and 2. Complex 1 had an axial bridge of "NH", while 2 had an axial bridge of "N" between the porphyrin and osmium cluster moieties. Complex 1 could be converted to 2 when refluxed in toluene. These two novel porphyrin-osmium clusters are the first axially linked porphyrin-metal cluster complexes. UV/Vis spectroscopy revealed the significant ground state electronic perturbation in the capped complex 2, demonstrating that the remarkable electronic interaction of the moieties within the molecule was achieved by this special structural arrangement. In addition, the electrochemistry of 1 and 2 were investigated and their oxidation current voltage curves are similar to those of indium(III)-porphyrins with a metal-metal sigma bond such as [TPPInRe(CO)(5)] (TPP=tetraphenylporphyrin). The two new molecules also exhibit large nonlinear optical absorption at 532 nm with a ns pulse laser and are potential optical limiting materials for sensor protection in the visible region.     

Reaction properties of the trans-hyponitrite complex [Ru2(CO)4(mu-H)(mu-PBu(t)2)(mu-Ph2PCH2PPh2)(mu-eta2-ONNO)

The protonation of [Ru(2)(CO)(4)(mu-H)(mu-PBu(t)()(2))(mu-dppm)(mu-eta(2)-ONNO)] (1) with HBF(4) occurs at the oxygen of the noncoordinating side of the trans-hyponitrite ligand to give [Ru(2)(CO)(4)(mu-H)(mu-PBu(t)()(2))(mu-dppm)(mu-eta(2)-ONNOH)][BF(4)] (2) in good yield. The monoprotonated hyponitrite in 2 is deprotonated easily by strong bases to regenerate 1. Furthermore, 1 reacts with the methylating reagent [Me(3)O][BF(4)] to afford [Ru(2)(CO)(4)(mu-H)(mu-PBu(t)()(2))(mu-dppm)(mu-eta(2)-ONNOMe)][BF(4)] (3). The molecular structures of 2 and 3 have been determined crystallographically, and the structure of 2 is discussed with the results of the DFT/B3LYP calculations on the model complex [Ru(2)(CO)(4)(mu-H)(mu-PH(2))(mu-H(2)PCH(2)PH(2))(mu-eta(2)-ONNOH)](+) (2a). Moreover, the thermolysis of 2 in ethanol affords [Ru(2)(CO)(4)(mu-H)(mu-OH)(mu-PBu(t)()(2))(mu-dppm)][BF(4)] (4) in high yield, and the deprotonation of 4 by DBU in THF yields the novel complex [Ru(2)(CO)(4)(mu-OH)(mu-PBu(t)()(2))(mu-dppm)] (5).     

Alkylimido osmium(VI) and ruthenium(VI) porphyrins. Crystal and molecular structures of Os(TTP)(O)(NBu~t)·EtOH and Os(4-Cl-TPP)(NBu~t)_2

Oxo(tert-butylimido) or bis(tert-butylimido)osmium(VI) porphyrins Os(Por)(O)(NBut) and Os(Por)(NBut)2, [Por=meso-tetrakis(p-tolyl)porphyrinato (TTP) and meso-tetrakis(4-chlorophe-nyl)porphyrinato (4-Cl-TPP)] were synthesized by air oxidation of bis(tert-butylamme)osmium(II) porphyrins [Os(Por)(H2NBut)2 (Por=TPP, 4-Cl-TPP], depending on whether tert-butylamine is present. The bis(tert-butylamine)ruthenium(II) porphyrins [Ru(Por)(H2NBut)2, Por=TTP, 4-Cl-TPP] can undergo bromine oxidation to give oxo(tert-butylimido)ruthenium(VI) complexes in quantitative yields. All these new complexes were characterized by 1H NMR, UV-Visible and IR spectroscopy. The X-ray crystal structures of Os(TTP)(O)(NBut).EtOH and Os(4-Cl-TPP)(NBut)2 have been determined. Crystal data: for Os(TTP)(O)(NBut).EtOH: monoclinic, space group P21/c, a=1.3546(6) nm, b=2.3180(3) nm, c=1.6817(3) nm, B=90.84(2), V=527.97(1) nm3, Z=4. The Os=O and Os=NBut distances in Os(TTP)(O)(NBut).EtOH are 0.1772(7) nm and 0.1759(9) nm, respectively. The av     

Proton induced P-H and Mo-H bond activation at the phosphide bridged dimolybdenum complexes [Mo2Cp2(mu-H)(mu-PHR)(CO)4](R = Cy, 2,4,6-C6H2R'3; R'= H, Me, tBu)

The new hydride complexes [Mo2Cp2(mu-H)(mu-PHR)(CO)4] having bulky substituents (R = 2,4,6-C(6)H2tBu3= Mes*, R = 2,4,6-C6H2Me3= Mes) have been prepared in good yield by addition of Li[PHR] to the triply bonded [Mo2Cp2(CO)4] and further protonation of the resulting anionic phosphide complex [Mo2Cp2(mu-PHR)(CO)4]-. Protonation of the Mes* compound with either [H(OEt2)2][B{3,5-C6H3(CF3)2}4] or HBF4.OEt2 gives the cationic phosphinidene complex [Mo2Cp2(mu-H)(mu-PMes*)(CO)4]+ in high yield. In contrast, protonation of the analogous hydride compounds with Mes or Cy substituents on phosphorus give the corresponding unsaturated tetracarbonyls [Mo2Cp2(mu-PHR)(CO)4]+, which are unstable at room temperature and display a cis geometry. Decomposition of the latter give the electron-precise pentacarbonyls [Mo2Cp2(mu-PHR)(mu-CO)(CO)4]+, also displaying a cis arrangement of the metal fragments. In the presence of BF4- as external anion, fluoride abstraction competes with carbonylation to yield the neutral fluorophosphide hydrides [Mo2Cp2(mu-H)(mu-PFR)(CO)4]. Similar results were obtained in the protonation reactions of the hydride compounds having a Ph substituent on phosphorus. In that case, using HCl as protonation reagent gave the chloro-complex [Mo2ClCp2(mu-PHPh)(CO)4] in good yield. The structures and dynamic behaviour of the new compounds are analyzed on the basis of solution IR and 1H, 31P, 19F and 13C NMR data as well as the X-ray studies carried out on [Mo2Cp2(mu-H)(mu-PHMes)(CO)4](cis isomer), [Mo2Cp2(mu-H)(mu-PFMes)(CO)4](trans isomer), [Mo2Cp2(mu-PHCy)(mu-CO)(CO)4](BF4) and [Mo2ClCp2(mu-PHPh)(CO)4].     

Synthesis and characterisation of high-nuclearity osmium-silver mixed-metal clusters

The reaction of the triosmium cluster anion, [Os(3)(micro-H)(CO)(11)][PPN] (PPN = [N(PPh(3))2]+), with [AgPF(6)] in the presence of [Ir(PPh(3))2(CO)Cl] in THF at room temperature affords two new high-nuclearity osmium-silver clusters, [Os(13)Ag(9)(CO)48][PPN] (1) and [Os(9)Ag(9)(micro3-O)2(CO)30][PPN] (2), and an iridium complex, [Ir(PPh(3))2(CO)Cl(O(2))] (3).