含分枝铜纳米线多孔铝膜的偏振特性

利用二次阳极氧化法制备了具有分枝结构的多孔铝(PAA)模板,并以交流电化学沉积的方法在该模板中合成了分枝状的铜纳米线。用SEM观察样品的形貌结构,用分光光度计测量了样品的透射光谱和偏振光谱。实验结果表明,含分枝状铜纳米线结构的多孔铝膜在近红外光区具有较高的透射率,且得到了14～22 dB的消光比。这种微偏振器件制备方法简单、效率高、造价低,在光电集成领域有着广泛的应用前景。     

Copper nanowire arrays for infrared polarizer

A micropolarizer of copper nanowire arrays within anodic alumina membrane (AAM) was fabricated by anodization of pure Al foil and electrodeposition of Cu, respectively. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy investigations reveal that the ordered Cu nanowires are essentially single crystal, and have an average diameter of 90 nm. Spectrophotometer measurements show that the copper nanowire arrays embedded in AAM can only transmit polarized light vertical to the wires. An extinction ratio of 24 to 32 dB and an average insertion loss of 0.5 dB in the wavelength range of 1 to 2.2 μm were obtained, respectively. Therefore Cu nanowire/AAM can be used as a wire grid type micropolarizer. Received: 28 January 2002 / Accepted:17 May 2002 / Published online: 22 November 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +86-551/559-1434, E-mail: ytpang@263.net     

阳极氧化法制备Y型TiO2纳米管

在含有质量分数为0.5%的NH₄F和体积分数为5% 的H₂O的乙二醇混合溶液中,采用三步阳极氧化法制备了表面形貌高度有序的Y型TiO₂纳米管阵列。讨论了钛片预处理过程对优化TiO₂纳米管阵列表面形貌的影响以及采用升温法制备Y型TiO₂纳米管的内在机理,并在较宽的温度范围内(20~60 ℃)对钛片进行阳极氧化。实验结果表明当阳极氧化第三步的电解液温度设置在40 ℃以上时,Y型TiO₂纳米管阵列的顶端将出现环状纳米线、管壁破裂以及管长减小等现象,不利于保证Y型TiO₂纳米管阵列的整体质量。因此,30~40 ℃是选取阳极氧化第三步温度的理想范围。     

以PAA为模板制备SERS基底及对三聚氰胺的检测

采用热蒸镀的方法直接在多孔氧化铝(porous anodic alumina,PAA)模板上蒸镀几微米的银膜,然后在HCl溶液中溶解掉模板,得到表面具有纳米尺度规则结构的银膜作为表面增强拉曼散射(surface-en-hanced Raman spectra,SERS)基底,并在该基底上测量了吡啶溶液(0.01 mol.L-1)的增强拉曼光谱,发现平均增强因子大于105。与直接在载玻片上蒸镀的银膜相比,具有纳米尺度规则结构银膜的增强效果提高了30倍。改变激发光功率测量吡啶的拉曼光谱,和普通拉曼散射一样,增强拉曼光谱的峰值强度随激发光强度线性变化,并在该基底上测量了三聚氰胺的拉曼光谱,发现在1 mW的激发功率下对于三聚氰胺的检出限为2.5 mg.L-1。     

Pluronic P123 assisted synthesis of hollow InSn/In2O3 hybrid nanoparticles by solution dispersion

A detailed analysis of the optimum regimes of pulsed current metal electrodeposition into pores of porous anodic alumina PAA is presented. A simple model based on cathodic and anodic current transients is developed. The model is based on a simplified equivalent circuit consisting of two capacities related to the barrier and porous parts of porous anodic alumina. Nanowires of Cd, Zn, In, Ni, Co, Ag, and Cu were embedded into PAA by pulsed electrodeposition using an asymmetric rectangular ac signal. Deposited metal nanowires were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD).     

Investigation of the super-long alumina nanowire array synthesized with a novel method

Alumina nanowire array standing on porous anodic alumina (PAA) membrane has been directly and efficiently synthesized in oxalic acid solution by one-step electrochemical anodic oxidation with changing anodic voltages. The morphology of the nanowires on PAA was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The different patterns on the surface of the sample were synthesized due to the reaction time. The fine structure of the patterns has shown that the pattern is composed of the alumina nanowire array and the morphologies of the patterns can mainly be attributed to the differences in the length of the alumina nanowires. The method of selected area electron diffraction (SAED) for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has shown that these nanowires are amorphous. An etching model was given to explain the formation mechanism of the amorphous alumina nanowires.     

不同分枝结构多孔氧化铝膜的制备和光学特性

在阳极氧化铝的制备过程中,采用二次氧化方法,通过降低二次氧化过程中的电压,使之变为初始电压的1n,得到了具有n个分枝结构的纳米孔径的氧化铝膜.利用岛津UV3101分光光度计测试了样品的透射光谱与偏振光谱.结果表明,在可见和近红外波段,线型孔径结构的多孔铝膜比Y型和枝状结构的多孔铝膜具有更好的透射性能,在偏振性能方面也有优势,更适合作含金属微偏振器件的膜板材料.     

Optical and magnetic properties of porous anodic alumina films embedded with Co nanowires

A simple method to tune the optical properties of porous anodic alumina （PAA） films embedded with Co nanowires （PAA@Co nanocomposite films） is reported in this paper. The films exhibit vivid structural colors and magnetic properties. The optical properties of the films can be effectively tuned by adjusting the thickness of the PAA template. The deposition of Co nanowires greatly increases the color saturation of the PAA films. The theoretical results of the changes in structural color according to the Bragg-Snell formula are consistent with the experimental results. PAA@Co films can be used in many areas, including decoration, display, and multifunctional anti-counterfeiting applications.     

Electrochemical synthesis of ordered CdTe nanowire arrays

Semiconductor CdTe nanowire arrays embedded in the nanochannels of the porous anodic alumina (PAA) template have been prepared by using a potentiostatic electrochemical deposition method. The morphology and structure of the CdTe nanowire arrays have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the CdTe nanowires with diameters and lengths of about 60 nm are single-crystalline with cubic phase structure, uniformly and continuously embedded in the nanochannels of the PAA template. X-ray energy-dispersion analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicate that stoichiometric CdTe was formed. The growth mechanism of the CdTe nanowires is also discussed. Received: 11 June 2002 / Accepted: 2 July 2002 / Published online: 8 January 2003 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +86-551/559-1434, E-mail: aiwuzhao@yahoo.com.cn     

Microstructure and magnetic properties of Co-Cu nanowire arrays fabricated by galvanic displacement deposition

CoCu nanowires were fabricated in anodic alumina templates by a simple metal displacement deposition method and the as-deposited samples were subsequently annealed at 400 °C in vacuum. The CoCu nanowires are 80 nm in diameter and 50 μm in length. The aspect ratio (ratio of length to diameter) is larger than 600, which results in distinctive magnetic anisotropy. Enhanced coercivity (about 2245 Oe) and large squareness of 92% have been observed in the annealed samples.     

Magnetic properties of Co–Cu nanowire arrays fabricated in different conditions by SC electrodeposition

Magnetic Co–Cu alloy nanowires with low Cu content were prepared by SC electrodeposition in pores of anodic aluminum oxide templates. The as-deposited Co–Cu nanowires, with a diameter of 15 nm, show distinctive magnetic anisotropy as an applied magnetic field parallel to the axis of nanowires. With increase in the molar ratio of Co and Cu, the coercivity along nanowire axis increases and reaches a maximum value of 1977.5 Oe at the Co/Cu molar ratio of 60:1, but the maximum value of coercivity increases to 1743.6 Oe with the decrease of frequency to 2 Hz.     

57Fe Mössbauer Study of Magnetic Nanowires

Hyperfine Interactions - Nanowires of metal, alloy, compound, and ferrite have been electrodeposited in anodic aluminium oxide templates. The structure and magnetic properties of the nanowires are...     

Controlled synthesis of ZnO nanowires or nanotubes via sol-gel template process

ZnO nanowires and nanotubes have been rationally fabricated within the nanochannels of porous anodic alumina templates by an improved sol-gel template process. X-ray diffraction and selected area electronic diffraction demonstrate that the as-obtained ZnO nanowires and nanotubes can be indexed to hexagonal wurtzite polycrystalline. In this method, zinc nitrate and urea are used as precursors, zinc nitrate serve as zinc ions source, and urea offered a basic medium through its hydrolysis. ZnO nanowires or ZnO nanotubes can be obtained easily by controlling hydrolysis time. The formation mechanism of ZnO nanowires and nanotubes was also discussed.     

Electrical Conductivity of a Single Electro-deposited CoZn Nanowire

CoZn nanowires are fabricated by the electrodeposition method at constant voltage mode with porous anodic aluminum oxide as templates. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images show that the CoZn nanowires have a rather smooth surface. The nanowires have an average diameter of 50 nm,which coincides with the diameter of the used templates. The x-ray diffraction pattern reveals the polycrystalline structure of the CoZn nanowires. The electrical conductivity of a single CoZn nanowire is studied. The metallic behavior is observed at temperatures from 230 K to 30 K. Moreover, an abnormal behavior appears around 30 K.The resistance shows the slight upturn phenomenon below 30 K down to 2 K, which is due to the major conduction role of the oxidation layer on the surface of the CoZn nanowire.     

Energy transfer in porous anodic alumina/rhodamine 110 nanocomposites

We have used porous anodic alumina (PAA) films as templates for embedding rhodamine 110 (Rh110) molecules and examined their photoluminescence (PL) properties in detail. The analysis of the polarization memory (PM) of PL strongly suggests that there is a significant energy transfer from PAA to Rh110 molecules. The effect of annealing the PAA layer on the PL properties of the nanocomposite has been studied. The results show that the energy transfer becomes more efficient in annealed PAA.     

利用扫描电镜和原子力显微镜测量纳米微孔阳极氧化铝膜

利用多孔型阳极氧化铝膜（PAA）制备纳米材料是近年来研究的热点之,对PAA的形貌进行准确的表征具有重要的意义,文章首先分析了传统扫描电镜（SEM）观测方法中镀膜工艺对样品和测量结果的影响,并提出了对镀膜过渡区进行观测的方案,然后着重研究了利用原子力显微镜（AFM）对PAA进行无损测量的方法,比较了不同测量模式下的测量结果,并利用Reiss模型对“针尖-样品卷积效应”进行了有效的修正,文章的研究结果不仅适用于多孔型阳极氧化铝膜这一研究领域,对于纳米多孔材料的测量也有普遍的参考价值。     

Template synthesis of Y-junction metal nanowires

Template synthesis of large-scale Y-junction metal nanowires is reported. In this approach, a Y-shaped nanochannel porous anodic alumina (PAA) template is prepared by using a two-step anodization of aluminum in which the metal of interest, such as copper, is electrodeposited to form the Y-junction metal nanowires. The synthesis method presented here is simple and versatile. This method can be extended to the preparation of other Y-junction nanowires with desirable composition and shows great promise for the development of nanoelectronics. Received: 10 September 2001 / Accepted: 20 November 2001 / Published online: 23 January 2002     

强辐射源用铜纳米线阵列靶的结构与性能

采用多孔阳极氧化铝（AAO）模板脉冲电沉积法制备了强辐射源用铜纳米线阵列靶,并用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱（EDS）和X射线衍射（XRD）对其进行了结构表征。结果表明：去除AAO模板后铜纳米线平均直径比去除AAO模板前的平均孔径大32%,长度缩短5%。对电沉积2 000 s的样品进行铜纳米线长度分布表征,结果显示:距离模板圆心越远,铜纳米线越长。与超短脉冲激光相互作用实验结果表明:纳米线平均长度在18~50 μm范围内,铜Kα光子产额先随纳米线长度增加而增加,当长度大于33 μm时,铜Kα光子产额开始下降。     

Template synthesis of single-crystal Cu nanowire arrays by electrodeposition

Cu nanowire arrays have been synthesized using potentiostatic electrodeposition within the confined nanochannels of a porous anodic alumina membrane. The Cu nanowire arrays and the individual nanowires have been characterized using SEM, TEM, SAED, HREM and XRD. Investigation results reveal that the Cu nanowire arrays having high wire packing densities are highly ordered over large areas. The individual Cu nanowires (diameter ∼60 nm) were single-crystal and found to be dense and continuous with uniform diameters throughout their entire length. An optimum ECD condition (at lower overpotentials) for the synthesis of single-crystal Cu nanowires was also discussed. Received: 19 April 2001 / Accepted: 28 April 2001 / Published online: 20 June 2001     

Synthesis and characteristics of Fe<Subscript>96-x</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>x</Subscript>B<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanowire arrays

Fe-rich Fe_96-xZr_xB₄ (0≤x≤7) nanowires were first prepared by electrodepositing into anodic aluminum oxide templates. Transmission electron microscope analysis shows that the nanowires are uniform and are about 100 nm in diameter with an aspect ratio of around 75. The broad peaks of X-ray diffraction and the Mössbauer spectrum indicate that the Fe_96-xZr_xB₄ nanowires are composed of α-Fe-like and Zr-rich FeZrB phases. Selected area electro diffraction results also indicate that the structure of Fe₈₉Zr₇B₄ nanowires is amorphous. A vibrating sample magnetometer is employed to study the magnetic properties of nanowire arrays at room temperature. The coercivity of nanowire arrays in parallel to the wire axis decreases with increasing Zr content.