A Novel Balanced MMIC Frequency Multiplier Configuration

A characterisation method, suitable for the study of balanced MMIC frequency multiplier circuits is presented. Using this approach, a number of frequency doubler and tripler configurations are considered. The influence of the non-ideal amplitude/phase balance characteristics of some planar hybrids on the harmonic rejection properties of these circuits is discussed. Optimum circuit configurations for doubler and tripler applications are proposed. Design details for a novel generalised configuration, which can be utilised for the balancing of single-ended multiplier circuits of any order, are outlined. The harmonic generation characteristics inherent in this approach are discussed.     

A GaAs planar Schottky varactor diode for left-handed nonlinear transmission line applications

The left-handed nonlinear transmission line(LH-NLTL) based on monolithic microwave integrated circuit(MMIC) technology possesses significant advantages such as wide frequency band,high operating frequency,high conversion efficiency,and applications in millimeter and submillimeter wave frequency multiplier.The planar Schottky varactor diode(PSVD) is a major limitation to the performance of the LH-NLTL frequency multiplier as a nonlinear component.The design and the fabrication of the diode for such an application are presented.An accurate large-signal model of the diode is proposed.A 16 GHz-39.6 GHz LH-NLTL frequency doubler using our large-signal model is reported for the first time.The measured maximum output powers of the 2nd harmonic are up to 8 dBm at 26.4 GHz,and above 0 dBm from 16 GHz to 39.6 GHz when the input power is 20 dBm.The application of the LH-NLTL frequency doubler furthermore validates the accuracy of the large-signal model of the PSVD.     

HIGH CONVERSION EFFICIENCY TANDEM KTP FREQUENCY DOUBLER

The two-piece tandem KTP frequency doubler with mutually perpendi-oular KZ planes has been studied both theoretically and experimentally.Its conversionefficiency of second harmonic generation(SHG)exceeds 80% and the dynamic range ismuch greater than that of monolithic KTP doubler at the laser power used in theexperiments.The experimental result shows that this doubler has excellent performancesand the second harmonic beam is elliptically polarized.     

A 28GHz CMOS FREQUENCY DOUBLER WITH TFMS

In this paper, a 28GHz CMOS frequency doubler with TFMS (thin film microstrip line) has been introduced in order to experimentally study the possibility of millimeter wave CMOS devices based on TFMS. The present doubler shows 2dB conversion loss and approximately 12dB suppression to fundamental frequency. The result shows that the CMOS technology compatible TFMS are promising on the design of millimeter-wave CMOS devices.     

Development of an extremely wide-band planar frequency doubler from Q-band to W-band

A very broadband Q- to W-band MIC frequency doubler with a 28-GHZ band-width, employing a unique planar balanced circuit configuration, has been developed with good performance. Using two beamlead Schottky barrier diodes as varistors, the doubler exhibits an output power of 7±1 dbm and conversion loss of 13±1 db over the 66 to 94 GHZ output frequency range. The development demonstrates a unique concept in realizing wideband planar millimeter wave solid-state sources.     

A high efficiency 46 to 92 GHz all microstrip frequency doubler

Using packaged GaAs varactor diodes, a high efficiency 46 to 92 GHz frequency doubler has been developed. Microstrip circuits have been used to match the input and output impedances presented by the diode. A conversion loss of 8 to 10 dB was measured. This doubler circuit is useful for W-band (75 to 110 GHz) integrated circuit receivers and transceivers. The use of microstrip circuit can drastically reduce the fabrication cost in addition to size and weight.     

KDP晶体全口径最佳入射角优化方法

根据正交偏振干涉测量法(OPI)获得的KDP晶体折射率的空间分布数据求解KDP晶体内部失谐角分布,进而建立了倍频及和频KDP晶体全口径最佳入射角的优化模型和方法。分析讨论了不同折射率畸变程度和不同功率密度入射情况下倍频及和频晶体入射角的变化规律。在此基础上,对KDP晶体的全口径最佳入射角进行了优化。结果表明:当KDP晶体折射率畸变程度较大时,倍频晶体对折射率变化较为敏感,而和频晶体对折射率变化则相对不敏感。在实际工作中,首先在假设倍频晶体折射率分布均匀的前提下,对和频晶体的最佳入射角进行优化,而后通过适当调整倍频晶体及和频晶体的入射角,最终确定倍频晶体及和频晶体的全口径最佳入射角。     

晶体级联方式宽带三倍频方案的参数优化

 针对时间位相调制的宽带激光,采用分步离散傅里叶变换及四阶龙格－库塔算法进行数值模拟计算。讨论了采用KDP晶体级联方式时,入射基频光的光强、带宽以及晶体厚度对三倍频转换效率的影响。对采用一块РⅠ类二倍频晶体、一块Ⅱ类和一块Ⅰ类双混频晶体的级联宽带三倍频方式进行了晶体参数的优化。研究结果表明,使用两块级联的KDP晶体作为混频晶体,不仅能有效地提高带宽较宽条件下三倍频光的转换效率,还可以显著增大宽带三倍频的动态范围。经优化后,带宽1.11 nm时入射基频光强在3～8 GW/cm²范围内的三倍频转换效率可保持在60％～70％,比采用单倍频单混频方案时增大了30％～40％。     

Broadband frequency doubler for femtosecond pulses

A highly efficient frequency doubler is developed for femtosecond pulses. Design aspects of the device are discussed. Doubling bandwidth calculations have shown, that with one millimeter long crystals pulses as short as 10 fs can be frequency doubled. Experimental results testing the doubler with 300 fs, 496 nm pulses are presented showing no spectral narrowing.This work has been partially carried out at Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Abt. Laserphysik, Göttingen, Fed. Rep. Germany     

A right cut method of Brewster angle to reduce the reflection of laser frequency doubler

The ordinary method to cut two light pass surfaces of an optical device in Brewster angle parallelly cannot reduce the harmonic's reflective losses of a laser frequency doubler. Right cut method with two unparallel light pass surfaces of Brewster angle of a laser frequency doubler, and preliminary experiment to demonstrate the usefulness of the technique are given.     

传输损耗对条形波导中切伦科夫倍频的影响

基于耦合模理论,分析了考虑传输损耗的条皮导中切伦科夫（Cherenkov)二次谐波（SHG）的问题。结果表明,转换效率具有指数性质和饱和性质。这一结果不同于未考虑传输损耗时转换效率所具有的线性性质,这对于切伦科夫频率倍频器的研制中参数的优化具有重要的意义。     

Design of an MMIC Transversal Filter in MM-Wave Bands

A novel MMIC transversal filter structure using multiple-coupled-line directional couplers and its design method are proposed. There is a critical drawback in fabricating MMIC transversal filters because the length of the conventional transversal filter is much longer than the width. In order to solve this structural problem, a novel transversal filter which can easily be realized in MMIC type is proposed. The usefulness of the proposed transversal filter for MMIC applications is verified by the 3D full-wave analysis. The analysis results show the characteristics of low insertion loss, improved selectivity, and little bandwidth shrinkage.     

A frequency doubler for 200 GHz with a planar Schottky varactor

A frequency doubler for 200 GHz utilising a planar surface channel Schottky varactor was designed, constructed and tested. The doubler employes novel split-waveguide mount design with two sliding backshorts at both input and output waveguides. The theoretical maximum efficiency of the doubler is 44.0 % with input power level of 32 mW and the maximum output power is 16.5 mW with input power level of 50 mW. The measured maximum efficiency of the doubler was 7.1 % and the maximum output power was 2.6 mW     

80–360 GHz very wide band millimeter wave network analyzer

An extension to a 20 GHz HP8510C Network Analyzer has been built for wideband measurements between 80 and 360 GHz. Improvements relative to the first version [1], [2] include new harmonic mixers, and an active doubler. Dynamic ranges up to 60 dB in transmission and 50 dB in reflection are obtained up to 280 GHz, with more than 50 GHz instantaneous bandwidth using waveguide calibration. Detection with a 30 dB dynamic range is obtained at 320 – 360 GHz. Time domain measurements give spatial resolution down to 2 mm.     

X~Ku波段宽带驱动放大器设计

基于SiC衬底的0.25 μm GaN HEMT工艺,设计了一款X~Ku波段宽带1 W驱动放大器单片微波集成电路。设计使用了一种有源器件的大信号输出阻抗的等效RC模型验证了GaN HEMT工艺模型的准确性,并获得了不同尺寸的GaN HEMT的大信号输出阻抗。第一级管芯采用负反馈结构,降低匹配网络的Q值,通过带通匹配网络拓扑,实现了宽带匹配。测试结果表明,在28 V的工作电压下,8~18 GHz的频率内驱动放大器实现了输出功率大于30 dBm,功率附加效率大于21%,功率增益大于15 dB。芯片尺寸为:2.20 mm×1.45 mm。该芯片电路具有频带宽、效率高、尺寸小的特点,主要用于毫米波收发组件、无线通讯等领域,具有广泛的应用前景。     

Design analysis of all-optical devices using second harmonic generation into a region with periodically modulated optical property

We investigate the nonlinear optical interaction through a periodic waveguide structure consisting of two alternating segments with different linear and nonlinear optical properties. A coupled equation system has been used to calculate the intensity of fundamental and second harmonic waves and the phase shift of the fundamental. The model has been experimentally tested with good results, but the effect of the phase shift has not been considered. Comparison with the quasi-phase match (QPM) technique has been presented. The novel features introduced by alternating segments with different linear and nonlinear optical properties have been discussed. The model shows a more flexible approach, which can be used in designing optical components based on coherent nonlinear interaction. Applications are straightforward for frequency doubler and all-optical switch.     

Engineering two-dimensional nonlinear photonic quasi-crystals

A known algorithm for modeling quasi-periodic lattices is used to generate two-dimensional quadratic nonlinear photonic quasi-crystals containing a set of desired discrete spectral components. This allows us to fabricate optical devices in which an arbitrary set of nonlinear optical processes can be efficient. We demonstrate this capability by fabricating two devices: a multidirectional single-frequency doubler and a multidirectional, multifrequency doubler that is capable of nearly collinear doubling of cw radiation in the optical communication C band (1530-1570 nm) through angle tuning.     

Analysis on dependence of phase matching angle on temperature in KDP crystal

The dependence of the phase matching (PM) angle on temperature in type-I second harmonic generation (SHG) and type-II third harmonic generation (THG) of KDP is experimentally investigated. The experimental results show that as the crystal temperatures vary by 1 °C, the external PM angles of the KDP doubler and tripler change 100 μrad and 220 μrad, respectively. The PM angle of KDP tripler is more sensitive to temperature variation than is that of the KDP doubler. Comparing the numerical calculations and the previous reports, a discrepancy has been found among the different reported results. Based on the analytical solution of the temperature dependence of the SHG process it is shown that a small error in the thermo-optic coefficients of the crystal is the main factor source of the discrepancy.     

A simple microwave kit to convert an X-band ESR spectrometer for K-band operation

A kit for the conversion of an X-bandesr spectrometer for K-band operation is described and its performance has been tested withp-benzosemiquinone, vanadyl acetyl acetonate and 2, 5-ditertiary butyl semiquinone. The easy conversion of the X-band spectrometer to K-band operation enables us to distinguish between magnetic field dependent and field independent parameters. A varactor harmonic generator is used as a frequency doubler driving the fundamental power from the existing X-band source to give a power output at K-band without having to modify the electronic circuit; the modification of the microwave circuitry is proposed.     

LiB3O5参量调谐蓝紫光单脉冲皮秒激光器

利用Nd~(3+):YAG主被动锁模加晶体管雪崩吸收单选,再放大、倍频、混频,产生30ps,355nm激光单脉冲,用它泵浦Ⅱ类非临界相应匹配的LiB_3O_5光参量发生器,在精密温度控制下,获得415.9～482.6nm的蓝紫光可调谐输出,线宽0.15nm,最高参量转换效率37.6%,可输出能量为6.33mJ,峰值功率为211MW的皮秒激光单脉冲.