充液航天器液体晃动和液固耦合动力学的研究与应用

随着火箭运载能力、卫星工作寿命和深空探测器任务复杂度的不断提高, 液体推进剂占航天器总质量的比重也不断增加. 液体推进剂的晃动影响着航天器的运动稳定性和姿轨控系统的可靠性, 是航天器动力学中一个备受关注的问题. 充液航天器中晃动的液体是一个分布参数系统, 理论上是无穷维的, 而工程上希望建立的数学模型是简单、低维的, 因此对液体晃动等效力学模型的研究经久不衰. 另外, 液体推进剂对航天器的结构动特性有着重要的影响, 在建立充液航天器的结构动力学模型时需要考虑液体推进剂与贮箱等结构的耦合效应. 本文首先结合液体晃动动力学理论和航天工程实际, 从理论研究、数值研究和实验研究等三个方面综述了国内外在充液航天器液体晃动动力学领域的研究现状, 并以此为基础介绍了航天工程中液体晃动等效力学模型的应用进展情况; 然后, 以液体运载火箭为例概述了国内外在充液航天器液固耦合建模方面的成果,介绍了求解液固耦合问题的数值方法和应用软件; 最后, 根据航天器工程的发展需求, 对充液航天器液体晃动和液固耦合动力学的进一步研究方向提出了一些建议.      

考虑相变的近场动力学热?力耦合模型及多孔介质冻结破坏模拟

多孔介质的传热传质现象广泛存在于自然界和工业领域中. 低温条件可能导致多孔介质中的组分发生相变, 并由此诱发材料损伤, 甚至导致结构失效破坏. 对这类破坏现象的预测需要精细化建模, 以能够反映物质的相变过程和材料的破坏特征. 本文采用热焓法改写经典的热传导方程, 在近场动力学框架下, 建立了一种考虑物质相变的热?力耦合模型, 发展了交错显式求解的数值计算方法, 进行了方板角冻结、热致变形和多孔介质冻结破坏等问题的模拟, 得到了方板的冻结特征、温度场和变形场的分布规律以及多孔介质的冻结破坏过程, 与试验和其他数值方法的结果具有较好的一致性. 研究表明, 本文所建立的考虑物质相变的近场动力学热?力耦合模型能够反映材料的非局部效应和物质相变潜热的影响, 准确捕捉相变过程中液固界面的演化特征, 再现多孔介质中材料相变、基质热致变形和冻结破坏过程, 突破了传统连续性模型求解这类破坏问题时面临的瓶颈, 为深入研究多孔介质冻融破坏过程和破坏机理提供了有效途径.      

含液颗粒材料液固耦合分析的离散颗粒模型及特征线SPH法

对含液颗粒材料流固耦合分析建议了一个基于离散颗粒模型与特征线SPH法的显式拉格朗日-欧拉无网格方案。在已有的用以模拟固体颗粒集合体的离散颗粒模型[1]基础上,将颗粒间间隙内的流体模型化为连续介质,对其提出并推导了基于特征线的SPH法。数值例题显示了所建议方案在模拟颗粒材料与间隙流相互作用的能力和性能以及间隙流体对颗粒结构承载能力及变形的影响。     

"2018流固耦合力学在船舶与海洋新能源中的应用研究领域科学家论坛"学术综述

简要介绍了 2018年1月召开的"2018流固耦合力学在船舶与海洋新能源中的应用研究领域科学家论坛"的基本情况,对邀请报告进行了分专题学 术综述,对专家们在自由发言和集中研讨中针对流固耦合力学在船舶与海洋新能源领域的应用提出的前瞻性关键科学问题及未来研究方 向的观点进行了归纳总结.      

Two-dimensional unstructured elastic model for acoustic pulse scattering at solid-liquid interfaces

Abstract. A numerical model to simulate elastic waves and acoustic scattering in two spatial dimensions has been developed and thoroughly tested. The model universally includes elastic solids and liquids. The equations of motion are written in terms of stresses, displacements and displacement velocities for control volumes constructed about the nodes of a triangular unstructured grid. The latter conveniently supports various geometries with complex external and internal boundaries separating sub-domains of different elastic properties. Theoretical dispersion for zero mode symmetric () and antisymmetric () waves in a plate has been reproduced numerically with high accuracy, thus verifying the method and code. Comparison of simulated acoustic pulse scattering at water-immersed steel plate with the respective experiments reveals a very good agreement in such delicate features as excitation of the surface (A) wave. The numerical results explain the peculiar location of the surface wave relative to the other ones in experimental registrations. Examples of acoustic pulse interactions with curvilinear metallic shells in water demonstrate flexibility of the method with respect to complex geometries. Potential applications as well as some directions for further improvement to the technique are briefly discussed. Received 5 September 2002 / Accepted 25 November 2002 Published online 4 February 2003 RID="*" ID="*"Permanent address: Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, 26 Polytekhnicheskaya, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia Correspondence to: P. Voinovich (e-mail: vpeter@scc.ioffe.ru)     

On XFEM applications to dislocations and interfaces

A method for modelling dislocations in systems with arbitrary materials interfaces is described. The method is based on the extended finite element method (XFEM) where dislocations are modelled in the manner of the Volterra dislocation model. A method for calculating the Peach–Koehler force by J-integrals in this framework is studied. The method is compared to closed form solutions for interface problems and excellent accuracy is obtained. The convergence and accuracy of the method is studied in two problems where analytical solutions are available: an edge dislocation interacting with a free-surface and an edge dislocation interacting with a bimaterial interface. The applicability of the method to more complicated problems is illustrated by the modelling of slip misorientation of an edge dislocation with a glide plane intersecting a material interface and dislocations in a multi-material domain with non-parallel interfaces.     

System-size effect on the friction at liquid-solid interfaces

The friction at the liquid-solid interfaces is widely involved in various phenomena ranging from nanometer to micrometer scales. By the molecular dynamic(MD)simulation, the friction properties of liquid-solid interfaces at the molecular level are calculated via the Green-Kubo relation. It is found that the system size will influence the value of the friction coefficient, especially for the solid surfaces with the larger polar charge. The value of the friction coefficient decreases with the incre...     

The roles of toughness and cohesive strength on crack deflection at interfaces

In order to design composites and laminated materials, it is necessary to understand the issues that govern crack deflection and crack penetration at interfaces. Historically, models of crack deflection have been developed using either a strength-based or an energy-based fracture criterion. However, in general, crack propagation depends on both strength and toughness. Therefore, in this paper, crack deflection has been studied using a cohesive-zone model which incorporates both strength and toughness parameters simultaneously. Under appropriate limiting conditions, this model reproduces earlier results that were based on either strength or energy considerations alone. However, the general model reveals a number of interesting results. Of particular note is the apparent absence of any lower bound for the ratio of the substrate to interface toughness to guarantee crack penetration. It appears that, no matter how tough an interface is, crack deflection can always be induced if the strength of the interface is low enough compared to the strength of the substrate. This may be of significance for biological applications where brittle organic matrices can be bonded by relatively tough organic layers. Conversely, it appears that there is a lower bound for the ratio of the substrate strength to interfacial strength, below which penetration is guaranteed no matter how brittle the interface. Finally, it is noted that the effect of modulus mismatch on crack deflection is very sensitive to the mixed-mode failure criterion for the interface, particularly if the cracked layer is much stiffer than the substrate.     

Retrospective time integral scheme and its applications to the advection equation

To put more information into a difference scheme of a differential equation for making an accurate prediction, a new kind of time integration scheme, known as the retrospective (RT) scheme, is proposed on the basis of the memorial dynamics. Stability criteria of the scheme for an advection equation in certain conditions are derived mathematically. The computations for the advection equation have been conducted with its RT scheme. It is shown that the accuracy of the scheme is much higher than that of the leapfrog (LF) difference scheme. The project supported by the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences (G1999043408 and G1998040901-1) and the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (40175024 and 40035010)     

The theory of fractal interpolated surface and its applications

I.IntroductionFI.actillilltcrpolationwastlrstpEltforwardbyunA]ncrica1llathematician,M.F.Barllsley.in1986.ItgivesanewInethodologytardataf'ittillg,whichnotonlyopedsupanewresearch11eldfol'tilnctiollappl'oachingtheory,butalsoprovidespowerfultoolsforcolnptltcrgraphicsThistool'sapplicabilityisnowfilllyappreciated.Theuseoflinearfunctions,polynomialfunctionsandSurtllcespringfunctionstoestablishvariousmeterialobjectmodelsinreallifefi-omtraditionalEuclideangeometryisnowcommonpractice.Theavailabilit…     

Relations between twin and slip in parent lattice due to kinematic compatibility at interfaces

The relationships between a slip system in the parent lattice and its transform by twinning shear are considered in regards to tangential continuity conditions on the plastic distortion rate at twin/parent interface. These conditions are required at coherent interfaces like twin boundaries, which can be assigned zero surface-dislocation content. For two adjacent crystals undergoing single slip, relations between plastic slip rates, slip directions and glide planes are accordingly deduced. The fulfillment of these conditions is investigated in hexagonal lattices at the onset of twinning in a single slip deforming parent crystal. It is found that combinations of slip system and twin variant verifying the tangential continuity of the plastic distortion rate always exist. In all cases, the Burgers vector belongs to the interface. Certain twin modes are only admissible when slip occurs along an 〈a〉 direction of the hexagonal lattice, and some others only with a 〈c + a〉 slip. These predictions are in agreement with EBSD orientation measurements in commercially pure Ti sheets after plane strain compression.     

Crack-opening interferometry at interfaces of transparent materials and metals

Crack-opening interferometry is a technique whereby one can directly measure the normal opening displacement of a crack that exists in a transparent material. Here, wer extend the techique to situations in which the crack lies along the interface between a stransparent material and a highly reflective metal. We discuss how the intensity distribution and the placement of the fringes vary with reflectivity of the metal. However, because the fringe spacing is not affected, the fringes can still be interpreted in terms of normal crack-opening displacement profile. The paper reports experimental measurements of crack-opening displacement profile of an interface crack in a copper-sapphire bircystal. The results show the crack-opening displacement profile to be that of a constant opening angle. when work was performed. Current affiliation is as Research Associate, Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912.     

PREDICTION TECHNIQUES OF CHAOTIC TIME SERIES AND ITS APPLICATIONS AT LOW NOISE LEVEL

The paper not only studies the noise reduction methods of chaotic time series with noise and its reconstruction techniques,but also discusses prediction techniques of chaotic time series and its applications based on chaotic data noise reduction.In the paper,we first decompose the phase space of chaotic time series to range space and null noise space.Secondly we restructure original chaotic time series in range space.Lastly on the basis of the above,we establish order of the nonlinear model and make use of the nonlinear model to predict some research.The result indicates that the nonlinear model has very strong ability of approximation function,and Chaos predict method has certain tutorial significance to the practical problems.     

The bipore model in solid-liquid extraction: the batch process

This paper presents the exact analytical solution for the general case of transient mass transfer between a solid with a biporous structure (with a micro and a macroporosity) and the entouring finite fluid. The transport inside the solid is by molecular diffusion and outside of it the convective film resistance is included. A general expression is given which is valid for the infinite plate, for the infinite cylinder and for the sphere. The standard monopore case is obtained as a particular solution.

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Das Bipor-Modell in der fest-flüssig Extraktion: Das diskontinuierliche Verfahren

Zusammenfassung Es wird die exakte analytische Lösung für den allgemeinen Fall der instationären Stoffübertragung zwischen einem Festkörper mit biporöser Struktur (bestehend aus einer Mikro- und einer Makroporosität) und dem äußeren Fluid vorgestellt. Der Transport in dem Feststoff erfolgt mittels molekularer Diffusion. Außerhalb der Feststoffpartikel wird der konvektive Filmwiderstand berücksichtigt. Eine allgemeine Formel wird angegeben, die für die unendliche Platte, für den unendlichen Zylinder und für die Kugel anwendbar ist. Die Lösung für das übliche monopore Modell ergibt sich als Sonderfall.

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Nomenclature c _a concentration of liquid in micropores - c _b concentration of liquid in macropores - ¯c average concentration in the particle - c₁ initial value of ¯c - c _e concentration in liquid outside the particle - c _e1 initial value ofc _e - D _a ,D _b effective diffusivity in the micro resp. in the macro structure limit ofE for infinite time - f _n form-function defined in Eqs. (20), (21) and (22) - F _n function defined in Eq. (33) - f, g,h Laplace transforms ofc _a ^* ,c _b/* and ¯c^* resp. - I ₀ ,I ₁ modified Bessel functions of the first kind, order zero and first order resp. - J ₀ ,J ₁ Bessel functions of the first kind, order zero and first order resp. - k _c mass transfer coefficient - M _p mass of the solid particles - n numerical form constant, 1 for the plate, 2 for the cylinder and 3 for the sphere - N function defined in Eq. (19) - R _a radius of the microporus spheres - R _b size of the particle (for the plate2R _b is its thickness, for cylinder and sphere: the radius) - r radial coordinate inside the microporous sphere - r ^* =r/R _a adimensional forrt time - t ^* -t/ _b adimensional for time (Fourier Number) - V volume of fluid phase (exterior to solid) - x position coordinate inside the solid particle - x ^* =x/R _b adimensional forx - =(M_pp)/(V_p) volume of fluid inside the particles divided by volume of fluid outside - y=(R _b k _c )/D _b adimensional for the mass transfer coefficient - _a mircoporosity - _b microporosity - _p = _b + (1 _b ) _a total porosity of the particle - =_p/_b – 1=(1 -_b @#@) ( _a / _b ) adimensional parameter, characteristic for the biporous structure - _p density of particle - _a =R _a/2 / (D _a / _a) characteristic (micro) time - _b =R _b/2 / (D _b / _b) characteristic (macro) time - = _a / _b adimensional parameter, characteristic for the biporous particle