大学生实习实训与实践活动的融合与探索

为促进学生学思结合、知行统一,培养合格人才,近年来,武汉大学化学与分子科学学院对本科生实习实训与实践活动进行了融合与探索,形成了几大类别:科研院所实习实训实践类、企业公司实习实训类、志愿服务实践类、国情调研实践类、海外创新实训类。在探索中始终坚持协同与创新两大理念,通过整合各方资源、构建课程体系等,统筹推进大学生实习实训与实践活动,满足学生个性化发展需求,助力学生成才。     

农林院校校外实验教学基地分类考评机制及考评指标改革研究——大学化学校外实践基地实证分析*

针对大学化学校外实践教学基地建设和运行过程中的基地与高校的协同管理机制,实践教学基地软硬条件建设和资源配置及实践教学与理论学习的连贯性等问题,在OBE理论指导下,探究分类考核机制,在实证中构建分层次考评模型及考评指标,并建立适合于农林高校的化学校外实践教学基地的分类考评指标体系。     

高师化学教育实践课程的设置及实施

东北师范大学2015年对教师教育课程进行了修订,构建了从校内模拟到校外基础实习和应用实习的化学教育实践课程体系,逐渐提升师范生的教学实践能力,为将来成长为一名优秀的化学教师奠定了基础。但在理论与实践的融合、指导教师队伍建设和安全保障措施等方面需要进一步思考。     

师范专业认证背景下化学师范生的教育实践训练体系构建与实践

基于师范专业认证“学生中心、产出导向、持续改进”的理念，根据化学师范生教育实践存在的问题，着眼于“一践行三学会”的毕业要求，构建了“四年相融、三习贯通、以赛促学”的化学师范生教育实践训练体系：大一“读与讲”、大二“观与写”、大三“练与思”、大四“做与研”,持续提升化学师范生的教育实践能力和师德修养。开展多主体多形式的教育实践教学评价，加强过程性评价和表现性评价，从师资培养、基地建设、协同育人、制度完善、监督管理等方面，确保化学师范生教育实践训练体系的顺利实施和实践效果。     

金色梦想，一触即发——化学专业校外实践教学基地建设与思考

高等教育要适应世界潮流和时代变化,本科教育须进一步提高实践教学的比重,加强理论教学与实践教学相结合,完善协同育人机制。结合学科发展和企业发展需求,中山大学化学学院与金发科技股份有限公司(简称金发科技)共同建设大学生实践教学基地。本文以中山大学-金发科技本科实践教学基地为例,探讨大学生校外实践基地建设过程中遇到的问题以及实践基地的建设内容与成果体会。     

高分子材料与工程专业生产实习环节的教学改革与实践

本文结合高分子材料与工程专业教学实践,分析了生产实习教学实际情况及存在的问题,对生产实习课程进行改革,提出了校外实习与校内实习协同进行的新生产实习模式,重点建设校内生产实习内容体系,切实解决校外实习内容更新慢,缺乏前沿成型技术这一问题。校内实习基地的建设结合了制度保障体系、教师队伍和信息化平台建设等进行了深入实践,学生参与生产实习的热情提高明显,各项创新创业大赛、考研和就业情况表明,本专业学生具有较好的工程实践和创新能力,改革实施效果明显。     

影响化学师范生教学实践能力的主要因素及其对策

调查发现,化学师范生的教学实践能力主要受实习态度、教师指导、训练课时情况、真实课堂模拟、实习评价真实性等5个主要因素的影响。通过对成因的统计分析,提出了建立完整客观的评价体系,转变师范生对实践课程的观念,使其有一个认真的态度,加强教学模拟训练和加大实习执行力度的教学实践能力提升对策。     

化工原理实践环节中的创新功能

化工原理实验室在承担课程设置实验的基础上,以工程观的理念提供学生的认识实习,以开放式的教学方式对企业的新员工进行岗前培训,与科研相结合指导学生毕业论文,拓宽了实验室原有的功能,强化了工程实践能力的培养。     

突出实践能力的药物化学专业人才培养体系的创建与研究

针对近年来对药物化学专业毕业生的实践能力提出越来越高的要求,实施了以下改革举措:继续发挥理科专业特色,大力加强学生专业实践能力教育,创建新型药学人才培养体系;与大连市食品药品检验所联合建立了辽宁师范大学药物化学专业人才培养实践教育基地,使学生的动手能力及理论联系实际的能力得到了进一步的提高;另外,在培养机制,课程模块调整及综合能力提升等方面也提出了新方案并付诸实践。     

高分子专业开展“同期、分散”毕业实习的探索与实践

近二十年来,受到专业调整和国企改革等的影响,愿意且有能力成建制地接受整个专业的学生驻厂开展为期一个月左右毕业实习的企业极少,使得毕业实习成为诸多高校开展实践教学的一个难点。本文以华南理工大学高分子材料与工程专业近年来以"同期、分散"的形式探索开展本科毕业实习为例,从本科教学实习基地建设、校外导师聘任、实习管理以及实习效果评价等角度,简要介绍了在工程教育专业认证背景下,在毕业实习的教学组织和开展过程中的一些探索和心得。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.