Utility of 4,6-dichloro-2-(methylthio)-5-nitropyrimidine. Part 3: Regioselective solid-phase synthesis of a 2,6,8,9-tetrasubstituted purine library

The first regiocontrolled solid-phase synthesis of a 2,6,8,9-tetrasubstituted purine library was performed through on-resin elaboration of 4,6-dichloro-2-(methylthio)-5-nitropyrimidine. A series of primary amines were loaded on ArgoGel-MB-CHO resin via reductive amination to yield secondary amines. Subsequent attachment of the starting pyrimidine core unit and C6-chloride substitution by primary amines yielded the resin-bound 4,6-disubstituted-2-methylthio-5-nitropyrimidines. Oxone^® mediated oxidation of the 2-methylthio moiety to the corresponding sulfone allowed facile substitution at the 2-position. CrCl₂ assisted reduction of the nitro group, followed by acid catalyzed orthoester cyclization and finally TFA mediated cleavage provided the tetrasubstituted purine final products. Most of the final purines were cleaved in good to excellent yield and purity, however, it was found that bulky groups at N9 hindered cyclization in C8-substituted derivatives. For these systems, LC purification of the crude cleavage products provided the target purines in high purity.     

2‐Amino‐4‐chloro‐6‐[N‐methyl‐N‐(4‐methylphenyl)amino]pyrimidine: formation versus fragmentation of hydrogen‐bonded chains of edge‐fused R22(8) rings in 4,6‐disubstituted 2‐aminopyrimidines

Molecules of the title compound, C₁₂H₁₃ClN₄, are linked by two independent N—H...N hydrogen bonds into a chain of edge‐fused R₂²(8) rings. The significance of this study lies in its attempt to rationalize the patterns of supramolecular aggregation in the title compound and in a range of analogous 4,6‐disubstituted 2‐aminopyrimidines.     

Aminolysis of methoxy groups in pyrimidine derivatives. Activation by 5‐nitroso

The nucleophilic substitution of 2‐mefhoxy groups in pyrimidine derivatives was strongly activated by introduction of a 5‐nitroso group on to the pyrimidine ring. The aminolysis of several 2‐methoxy‐5‐nitrosopyrimidine derivatives was performed at room temperature in hydroxylic as well as in non‐hydroxylic media with different primary amines in short time and good yields. The aminolysed substrates include 6‐[(per‐O‐acetyl)glycosyl]aminopyrimidines which afforded the corresponding 2‐aminopyrimidines without harming the acetyl protecting groups of the sugar moiety.     

Reactions of 4-acyl-1-alkoxyaryl-5-aryl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-ones with nucleophilic reagents

4-Acetyl-1-alkoxyaryl-5-aryl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-ones reacted with amines to give 1-alkoxyaryl-5-aryl-4-(1-R-aminoethylidene)pyrrolidine-2,3-diones. Reactions of amines with 4-benzoyl-substituted analogs involve nucleophilic attack on the C³ atom in the heteroring to produce the corresponding 3-R-amino-1-alkoxyaryl-5-aryl-4-benzoyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-ones. Reactions of the title compounds with hydrazine hydrate, regardless on the substituent on C₄, afforded 4-aryl-3-methyl(phenyl)-5-[2(4)-methoxyphenyl]-4,6-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-6-ones.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines from 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde under solvent-free conditions

The microwave-induced synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines 4 in the reaction of N⁴-substituted-2,4-diamino-6-chloro-5-carbaldehydes 3 with hydrazine is described here. Precursors 3 have been prepared by the mono-amination of 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde 2 with aliphatic and aromatic amines. The reaction times with primary amines were relatively shorter than for secondary amines.     

Synthesis of azinylthioureas and their heterocyclization using α-chloroacetoacetic ester

Treatment of aminopyrimidines with a mixture of PhCOCl and NH₄SCN and subsequent debenzoylation of the N-benzoyl-N′-(4,6-substituted pyrimidin-2-yl)thioureas obtained gave pyrimidinyl-2-thioureas. The heterocyclization of the azinyl-2-thioureas with α-chloroacetoacetic ester gave ethyl 2-(4,6-substituted azin-2-yl)aminothiazole-5-carboxylates. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 437–440, March, 2006.     

新型三唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶类化合物的合成及其抗血小板聚集活性

以2-丙硫基-4,6-二氯-5-氨基嘧啶为原料,与伯胺类化合物(1)经取代反应制得氨基嘧啶类化合物(2);2经重氮化反应制得三氮唑类化合物(3);3与胺类化合物经亲核取代反应和水解反应合成了26个新型的三唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶类化合物(6a~6z),其结构经1H NMR和ESI-MS表征。大鼠体内抗血小板聚集模型测试结果表明:26个化合物均具有一定的抗血小板聚集活性,其中,6d,6i和6l的抗血小板聚集活性较强,抑制率分别为61.9%,69.3%和71.2%。     

The reaction of 5-acetyl-2-aminooxazole with amines: an approach to 1H-5-acetyl-2-aminoimidazoles

5-Acetyl-2-aminooxazole, upon treatment with amines in the presence of water, affords good yields of 1H-5-acetyl-2-substituted amino-imidazoles, along witn varying amounts of the corresponding 5-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-substituted aminopyrimidines.     

Utility of 4,6-dichloro-2-(methylthio)-5-nitropyrimidine. Part 2: Solution phase synthesis of tetrasubstituted purines

A simple synthesis of tetrasubstituted purines is disclosed based on the solution phase elaboration of 4,6-dichloro-2-methylthio-5-nitropyrimidine. One-pot sequential C4 and C6 chloride substitution by secondary and primary amines yields 4,6-diamino-2-methylthio-5-nitropyrimidines. mCPBA-mediated oxidation of the methylthio moiety to the corresponding sulfone allows facile substitution at the 2-position. CrCl₂ assisted reduction of the nitro group, followed by acid catalyzed orthoester cyclization, then provides novel tetrasubstituted purines not accessible by other methods.     

Lactam and amide acetals. 52. Reaction of dimethylformamide diethylacetal with 2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxane (Meldrum's acid)

Depending on the conditions of carrying out the reaction of dimethylformamide diethylacetal with the Meldrum's acid, either 2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-5-(N,N-dimethyl-aminomethylene)-1,3-dioxane or N,N,N¹N¹-tetramethylformamidinium salt of 2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-5-(2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methylene-1,3-di-oxane are formed. The two compounds can react with primary amines to form N-substituted 2,2-dimethyl-4.,6-dioxo-5-aminomethylene-1,3-dioxanes.For Communication 51, see [1].Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 184–187, February, 1988.     

Reactions of some pyranylidene esters with amines

The reactions of 4-(2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxan-5-ylidene)-2,6-diphenyl-4H-pyran ( 1 ) with primary amines gave the corresponding 1-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. The related benzo derivative of 1 (12) and primary amines gave 3-substituted 3,4-dihydro-2-phenyl-5H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c] pyridine-4,5-dione derivatives. With secondary amines, 12 gave 2-phenyl-4H,5H-pyrano[3,4-c] [1]benzopyrane-4,5-dione, and with isopropylamine, N,N-dimethylhydra-zine, and methanolic potassium hydroxide, 12 gave 4-phenacylcoumarin. Some reaction intermediates were isolated which indicate probable reaction paths. The reactions with amines were extended to a naphtho derivative of 1 (19) and to a thia homolog of 12 (24).     

Synthesis,reactions, and antioxidant activity of 3-(pyrrol-1-yl)-4,6-dimethyl selenolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives

Ethyl 4,6-dimethyl-3-(pyrrol-1-yl) selenolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate (2) was synthesized by the reaction of previously prepared ethyl 3-amino-4,6-dimethyl selenolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate (1) with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran in acetic acid. The pyrrolyl ester (2) was converted into the corresponding carbohydrazide 3 which reacted with acetyl acetone, aromatic aldehydes, carbon disulfide in pyridine, and sodium nitrite to afford the corresponding dimethyl pyrazolyl 4, arylidene carbohydrazides 5a–d, oxadiazolyl thiole 6, and caboazide compound 8, respectively. The carboazide 8 reacted with different alcohols and amines to give the corresponding carbamates 9a–c and the aryl urea derivatives 10a–d. Heating of carboazide 8 in dry xylene afforded the pyridoselenolo-pyrrolopyrazinone 11. The latter compound was used as a versatile starting precursor for synthesis of other pyridoselenolo-pyrrolopyrazine compounds. The newly synthesized compounds and their derivatives were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopy (IR, ¹H-NMR, and mass spectra). Some of the newly synthesized pyrrolyl selenolopyridine compounds showed remarkable antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid.     

Stability Constants of Complexes of Divalent and Rare Earth Metals with Substituted Salicynals

 5-Chloro-4-6-dimethyl-salicylaldehyde was synthesized from 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-phenol. A series of substituted salicynals were obtained by condensation of 5-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-salicylaldehyde with several amines. The amines were chosen such as to vary the basicity of salicynals by changing the substituents at one of the coordination sites. The stability constants of complexes of bivalent (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺) and trivalent (Y³⁺, La³⁺, Pr³⁺, Nd³⁺, Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺, Gd³⁺, Tb³⁺, Er³⁺, Yb³⁺) metal ions with these salicynals and the pK values corresponding to the dissociation of the phenolic proton and the association of a proton to the azomethine nitrogen were determined potentiometrically using the Calvin-Bjerrum technique as adopted by Irving and Rossotti at 303 K and a constant ionic strength of 0.1 M in a 75:25 (v/v) dioxan-water mixture in an inert atmosphere. The influence of substituents on the proton affinity of the ligands was examined on the basis of inductive and mesomeric effects. It is also shown that some of the complexes possess antibacterial, antitubercular, antifungal, and anticoagulant activity.     

Photogeneration of polyfunctional amines and novel thermal curing reactions of epoxy resin and polyurethane oligomer using these amines

Photochemical reactions of various blocked polyfunctional amines such as bis(4-formylaminophenyl)methane (FAPM), bis(4-acetylaminophenyl)methane (AAPM), bis(4-benzoylaminophenyl)methane (BAPM), 2,4-diformylaminotoluene (DFAT), m-xylene diformamide, and bis[[(2-nitrobenzyl)oxy]carbonyl]hexane-1.6-diamine were carried out to give the corresponding free amines in THF solution, in epoxy resin, or in polyurethane oligomer with terminal isocyanate groups. Photolysis of FAPM and DFAT to produce the corresponding polyfunctional amines such as 4,4'-methylenedianiline and 2,4-diaminotoluene proceeded with 80 and 75% conversions, respectively, in THF solution under UV irradiation at 5 h. AAPM and BAPM also produced the corresponding photo-Fries rearrangement products with 32 and 38% conversions, respectively, under the same irradiation conditions. The photolysis of those compounds also occurred with similar conversions in the epoxy resin and in the polyurethane oligomer under UV irradiation; and the thermal curing reactions of the epoxy resin and the polyurethane oligomer with photogenerated polyfunctional amines proceeded smoothly after heating at 140°C for 2 hrs. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Cyclizations and fragmentations in the alkylation of 6-chloro-5-hydroxy-4-aminopyrimidines with aminoalkyl chlorides

Substituted aminopyrimidines are an important class of compounds, in part because they frequently show biological activity. Facile synthesis of polysubstituted aminopyrimidines is highly desirable for the synthesis of screening libraries. We describe a route to 4,6-diamino-5-alkoxypyrimidines via a S_NAr-alkylation-S_NAr sequence from readily available 4,6-dichloro-5-methoxypyrimidine, which allows the synthesis of such compounds with regiochemical control. The extension of this approach to alkylating agents bearing amino substituents led to unexpected and, in some cases, unprecedented products resulting from intramolecular S_NAr cyclization and subsequent fragmentation.     

Nucleophilic addition to the double bond of 2,4,6-trinitrostyrene and transformations of adducts

Conditions were found under which 2,4,6-trinitrostyrene derived from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene adds nucleophiles (thiophenol, aniline, and aliphatic amines) at the vinyl fragment to form the corresponding β-X-ethyl-2,4,6- trinitrobenzenes (X = PhS, PhNH, or R₂N). In the reactions with primary aromatic amines, the initially formed adducts undergo intramolecular replacement of the nitro group followed by aromatization of the indolines that formed to the corresponding N-substituted 4,6-dinitroindoles. Dedicated to Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences E. P. Serebryakov on the occasion of his 70th birthday. __________ Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 1022–1025, April, 2005.     

Convenient synthesis of novel pyrimido[4,5-b][1,5]benzothiazepines

Reaction of 4,6-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde with amines in chloroform gave 4-(substitutedamino)-6-chloro-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehydes derivatives at low temperature. Treatment of the latter products with 2-aminobenzenethiol in alkaline benzene and then in boiling acetonitrile gave a novel group of 11H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,5]benzodiazepine derivatives. Structures of the products confirmed by ¹HNMR, IR, and mass spectra.     

Stability Constants of Complexes of Divalent and Rare Earth Metals with Substituted Salicynals

Summary.  5-Chloro-4-6-dimethyl-salicylaldehyde was synthesized from 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-phenol. A series of substituted salicynals were obtained by condensation of 5-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-salicylaldehyde with several amines. The amines were chosen such as to vary the basicity of salicynals by changing the substituents at one of the coordination sites. The stability constants of complexes of bivalent (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺) and trivalent (Y³⁺, La³⁺, Pr³⁺, Nd³⁺, Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺, Gd³⁺, Tb³⁺, Er³⁺, Yb³⁺) metal ions with these salicynals and the pK values corresponding to the dissociation of the phenolic proton and the association of a proton to the azomethine nitrogen were determined potentiometrically using the Calvin-Bjerrum technique as adopted by Irving and Rossotti at 303 K and a constant ionic strength of 0.1 M in a 75:25 (v/v) dioxan-water mixture in an inert atmosphere. The influence of substituents on the proton affinity of the ligands was examined on the basis of inductive and mesomeric effects. It is also shown that some of the complexes possess antibacterial, antitubercular, antifungal, and anticoagulant activity. Received August 5, 1999./Accepted November 11, 1999     

Diels–Alder Reactions with Cyclic Sulfones: VII. Synthesis of 1-Benzothiophene 1,1-Dioxide Derivatives

5-Arylmethylene-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-diones reacted with 5-isopropenyl-2,3-dihydrothio-phene 1,1-dioxide to give the corresponding ortho-addition products, 5-aryl-2',2',7-trimethyl-3,3a,5,6-tetra-hydro-2H-spiro[1-benzothiophene-4,5'-[1,3]dioxane]-4',6'-dione 1,1-dioxides. Their aminolysis resulted in opening of the 1,3-dioxane ring and formation of 4-carbamoyl-7-methyl-2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-1-benzo-thiophene-4-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide whose structure was determined by X-ray analysis. Reactions of the spiro adducts with amines and hydrazine hydrate afforded the corresponding mono- or dicarboxylic acid monoamides (hydrazide).     

Diels-alder reactions with cyclic sulfones: VIII. Organic catalysis in the synthesis of spiro[1-benzothiophene-4,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′-trione 1,1-dioxides and 2′-thioxospiro[1-benzothiophene-4,5′-pyrimidine]-4′,6′-dione 1,1-dioxides

5-Isopropenyl-2,3-dihydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide reacted with 5-methylidenepyrimidine-2,4,6-triones and 5-methylidene-2-thioxopyrimidine-4,6-diones in the presence of chiral amines or amino acids with high regio- and stereoselectivity to give optically active derivatives of barbituric and thiobarbituric acids spirofused at the 5-position to 1-benzothiophene 1,1-dioxide fragment. The reaction of 5-isopropenyl-2,3-dihydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide with 5-(2-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxopyrimidine-4,6-dione (generated in situ from 2-methoxybenzaldehyde and thiobarbituric acid) in the presence of (?)-ephedrine or L-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy) proline gave the corresponding 2-thioxospiro[1-benzothiophene-4,5′-pyrimidine]-4′,6′-dione 1,1-dioxide with an enantiomeric excess of 80%.