木质素磺酸盐表面活性剂的研究和应用进展

论述了木质素磺酸盐结构方面的研究、木质素磺酸盐的分离纯化和化学改性制备表面活性剂的方法、木质素磺酸盐表面活性剂应用取得的进展和研究面临的挑战。最后总结认为:进一步加强木质素磺酸盐结构和性能的基础研究,结合界面化学的最新理论成果和现代分析测试手段,通过改性解决木质素磺酸盐的颜色和活性问题,开发可用于日用领域的新型环保的木质素磺酸盐表面活性剂,是木质素磺酸盐这一绿色资源得到高值化利用的一个重要方向,同时木质素磺酸盐在导电高分子等先进材料制备领域具有重大的研究潜力。     

球型木质素碳化树脂的制备及性能研究

利用酸法制桨的木质素磺酸盐废液合成的球形木质素阳离子交换树脂,直接制备木质素碳化树脂;考察了碳化条件,运用电子显微镜,热重分析,Ｘ射线衍射等仪器对木质素碳化树脂的结构,碳化失重,孔结构,比表面和吸附量等性能进行了研究。     

离子缔合型离子选择电极的研究——Ⅸ.PVC膜阳离子表面活性剂电极的研制与应用

季铵阳离子作为阳离子表面活性剂,已在生产与科研中广泛应用,用离子选择电极对其进行测定,具有快速简便的优点。近年来,国外报导了一些阳离子表面活性剂的离子缔合型选择电极,所用离子交换体有四苯硼酸盐及其衍生物,十二烷基磺酸盐,四氮茂等。电极的线性响应下限一般仅至10~(-5)M。Maeda等制备了以冠醚为活性材料的中性载体电     

丙烯酰胺与4-乙烯基吡啶共聚物的季胺化及其若干性能

将丙烯酰胺 (AM)与 4 乙烯基吡啶 (4VP)的共聚物 (P(AM co 4VP) )用硫酸二甲酯季铵化 ,制备了系列吡啶季铵盐型阳离子丙烯酰胺共聚物 ,用FTIR、1 H NMR和紫外分光光度法表征了其分子结构与组成 ,并重点研究了其絮凝与缓蚀性 ,考察了阳离子度与分子量对其各种功能的影响 .研究结果表明 ,吡啶季铵盐型阳离子丙烯酰胺共聚物具有优良的絮凝 缓蚀等功能 ,且阳离子度越高 ,性能越好 ,而分子量对其性能亦有显著的影响 .     

木质素磺酸盐研究及其主要应用最新进展

木质素磺酸盐是造纸工业主要副产物之一,随着化石资源的日益枯竭和人们对环境保护的日益重视,人们对木质素磺酸盐的基础研究和应用开发研究渐趋活跃。为了能把握这一研究领域的新发展、新动向,本文综述了近几年来国内外科研工作者对木质素磺酸盐的分离与纯化、改性及其理化性质方面的研究进展,同时也综述了木质素磺酸盐近几年来在工业上的主要应用研究进展,具体包括其应用于混凝土减水剂、石油开采助剂、分散剂、高分子材料的改性剂等。     

聚(4-乙烯基吡啶季铵盐-丙烯酰胺)的抗菌性能与机理研究

季铵盐型阳离子聚合物具有絮凝、缓蚀与杀菌等多种功能,据此,我们通过分子设计,先将丙烯酰胺与4-乙烯基吡啶（4-VP）进行共聚合,然后使用季铵化试剂硫酸二甲酯使共聚物阳离子化,制备了吡啶季铵盐型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（QPAV）,本文报道QPAV的抗菌性能,并探讨其抗菌机理,结果表明,吡啶季铵盐型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺具有很强的抗菌性能,且其抗菌机理是基于杀菌而不仅仅是抑菌。     

交联阳离子淀粉(DS=0.95)的干法制备及其脱色性能

在碱催化剂BZ-1存在下,以N-(2,3-环氧丙基)三甲基氯化铵(GTA)为阳离子化试剂,干法制备了交联高取代度季铵型阳离子淀粉。对制得阳离子淀粉的脱色性能研究结果表明,交联高取代度阳离子淀粉对活性染料具有优异的脱色效果。     

球型木质素碳化树脂的制备及性能研究

利用酸法制浆的木质素磺酸盐废液合成的球形木质素阳离子交换树脂，直接制备水质素碳化树脂；考察了碳化条件，运用电子显微镜、热重分析、Ｘ射线衍射等仪器对木质素碳化树脂的结构、碳化失重、孔结构、比表面和吸附量等性能进行了研究。研究结果表明：氯化锌法制备球状木质素碳化树脂的最优工艺条件为，碳化时间０．５ｈ、碳化温度４００℃、活化时间１ｈ、活化温度５００℃。碳化树脂的比表面为 ３８２．３ｍ２／ｇ，亚甲基兰吸附量为 １３２．６ｍｇ／ｇ。球形木质素碳化树脂具有丰富的孔结构，物理化学性能良好。     

季铵阳离子对萘系高效减水剂性能影响研究

以 β -萘磺酸甲醛缩合物钠盐为原料 ,通过离子交换树脂法制备了六种不同结构的季铵阳离子所对应的萘磺酸甲醛缩合物盐 ,并研究了它们对水泥混凝土各项性能的影响     

交联阳离子淀粉(DS=0.95)的干法制备及其脱色性能

在碱催化剂BZ－1存在下，以N－（2，3－环氧丙基）三甲基氯化铵（GAT）为阳离子化试剂，干法制备了交联高取代度季铵型阳离子淀粉。对制得阳离子淀粉的脱色性能研究结果表明，交联高取代率阳离子淀粉对活性染料具有优异的脱色效果。     

Fabrication and morphology control of the electrostatic self-assembled system containing porphyrin electrolytes and sulfonated fullerene derivatives

A series of water-soluble porphyrin electrolytes with quaternary ammonium ions side chains (TEMZnPN and THMZnPN) and sulfonated fullerene derivatives were synthesised and characterised. The self-assembled system was fabricated through the electrostatic interaction between the quaternary ammonium ions on the porphyrin derivatives and the sulfonic ions on the fullerene derivatives. The optical properties of the self-assembled system in aqueous solution were recorded by ultraviolet–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the morphology of the self-assembled films was highly relative to the distance between the quaternary ammonium ions and the porphyrin core, which could be easily adjusted by changing the length of the alkyl chain in the porphyrin derivatives.     

Research Progress on Typical Quaternary Ammonium Salt Polymers

Quaternary ammonium salt polymers, a kind of polyelectrolyte with a quaternary ammonium group, are widely used in traditional and emerging industries due to their good water-solubility, adjustable cationicity and molecular weight, high efficiency and nontoxicity. In this paper, firstly, the properties and several synthesis methods of typical quaternary ammonium salt monomers were introduced. Secondly, the research progress on the synthesis of polymers was summarized from the perspective of obtaining products with high molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution and high monomer conversion, and special functional polymers. Thirdly, the relationships between the structures and properties of the polymer were analyzed from the perspectives of molecular weight, charge density, structural stability, and microstructural regulation of the polymer chain unit. Fourthly, typical examples of quaternary ammonium salt polymers in the application fields of water treatment, daily chemicals, petroleum exploitation, papermaking, and textile printing and dyeing were listed. Finally, constructive suggestions were put forward on developing quaternary ammonium salt polymers with high molecular weights, strengthening the research on the relationships between the structures and their properties and pinpointing relevant application fields.     

Electrochemical recognition of charged species using quaternary ammonium binaphthyl salts.

The effects of ionic analytes on the electrochemical properties of quaternary ammonium binaphthyl salts are described in this work. The stability of the binaphthyl radicals and hence the reversibility of the electrochemical response are discussed in terms of molecular structure. The ability of azacrown derivatised binaphthyl salts to act as amperometric receptors is ascribed to the strain imparted in the cyclic ammonium ring when Li+ ions complex with them. It is also shown that the redox properties of quaternary ammonium binaphthyl salts are pH dependent in aqueous solutions, but that reversible redox properties can be observed in extremely basic solutions. The effect of anions binding to the quaternary ammonium cation can be seen in the redox properties of the binaphthyl moiety and the use of a chiral binding site for enantiomeric recognition is also demonstrated.     

Interaction between quaternary ammonium ions and dipeptides: positive anion allosteric effect

The binding properties of dipeptides possessing aromatic residues towards quaternary ammonium ions have been investigated by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding between exchangeable protons (OH and NH) of aromatic residues of dipeptides and the counter anion of ammonium ion is the primary force. After the formation of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding, two aromatic residues of dipeptides can provide pi-base cavity to interact with the quaternary ammonium moiety.     

Photometric determination of quaternary ammonium compounds with hexanitrodiphenylamine. II

In strongly alkaline medium (more than 0.1 N NaOH) hexanitrodiphenylamine anion reacts with base. The reaction is rather slow and is partly reversible.Quaternary ammonium ions can be determined by extraction of their hexanitrodiphenylamine complexes with chloroform or methylene chloride at pH 11 or with methylene chloride from 3N NaOH. Only the latter method is applicable to compounds containing several quaternary ammonium groups. The compounds extracted have high molar extinction and good stability. Quaternary ammonium ions can be determined in the presence of amines, and in some cases determination of quaternary ammonium ions in admixture is possible.     

Matrix suppression and analyte suppression effects of quaternary ammonium salts in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry: an investigation of suppression mechanism

In the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) analysis of some quaternary ammonium salts (QASs), very clean spectra of the quaternary ammonium ions were recorded with a strong matrix suppression effect (MSE). The QASs also showed a considerable analyte suppression effect (ASE). It was demonstrated that the MSE and ASE of the QASs can be explained well by the cluster ionization model. According to this model, MALDI ions are formed from charged matrix/analyte clusters. Various analyte ions and matrix ions might coexist in the cluster, and they will compete for the limited number of net charges available. If enough quaternary ammonium ions are present in the cluster, they will take away the net charges, thus resulting in the MSE and ASE. Our results also suggest that ‘the cluster ionization model’ is not in conflict with ‘the theory of ionization via secondary gas‐phase reactions’. The initial MALDI ions produced from charged matrix/analyte clusters will collide with other molecules or ions in the MALDI plume. Depending on the properties of the initial ions and the composition of the MALDI plume, secondary gas‐phase reactions might result from these collisions. The final ions observed are the combined results of ‘cluster ionization’ and ‘ionization via secondary gas‐phase reactions’. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

木素磺酸盐系表面活性剂

木素磺酸盐是化学制浆废液的主要成分,是一种天然高分子表面活性剂。本文介绍了木素磺酸盐系表面活性剂的结构、性能和应用方面的部分研究结果,通过各种改性方法可以改善木素磺酸盐的表面物化性能和应用性能,进一步提高其附加价值及人们对制浆废液治理与回收的积极性,具有环保和经济双重意义。     

阴极电泳涂料用颜料分散树脂及颜料浆的研制

采用多异氰酸酯制备一种季铵化剂,该季铵化剂和环氧树脂反应制备含有季铵盐基团的阳离子颜料分散树脂及颜料浆。本文研究了TDI单体类型、环氧树脂分子量、IO封闭TDI摩尔比例对颜料分散树脂水溶性、分散性及颜料浆稳定性的影响,并对颜料分散树脂和颜料浆的性能进行测试,结果表明:该颜料分散树脂对颜料具有优异的分散效果;该颜料分散树脂和常见颜料分散研磨而成的颜料浆贮存稳定性、施工稳定性性能优异,该产品具有良好的市场应用前景。     

Quaternary ammonium ion dendrimers from methylation of poly(propylene imine)s

The poly(propylene imine) dendrimers DAB‐dendr‐(NH₂)₈, DAB‐dendr‐(NH₂)₃₂, and DAB‐dendr‐(NH₂)₆₄ were fully converted with iodomethane to quaternary ammonium ions at both chain ends and branch points and, with less iodomethane, were partially converted to quaternary ammonium ions mainly at end groups. Amidation of the primary amine ends followed by treatment with iodomethane gave the first dendrimers with quaternary ammonium ions only at branch points. After an exchange of iodide counterions for chloride, all of the quaternary ammonium ion dendrimers slightly increased the rate of decarboxylation of 6‐nitrobenzisoxazole‐3‐carboxylate ion in an aqueous solution. Similar quaternary ammonium ion dendrimers with more hydrophobic interiors or more hydrophobic chains on the ends were much more active catalysts for the decarboxylation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 821–832, 2001