格结构在晶体梳状滤波器设计中的应用

利用数字信号处理中的格滤波器理论,研究了晶体梳状滤波器的设计方法.当传输函数满足对称和功率互补时,分析指出滤波器的阶数是奇数,N阶滤波器只需要(N+1)/2个波片,且所用波片的厚度比为1∶2∶2…2或2∶2…2∶1;提出了对半带滤波器传输函数作谱分解得到光梳状滤波器传输函数的方法.在此基础上总结出根据应用要求设计晶体梳状滤波器传输函数和结构参量的方法,通过设计一个7阶滤波器,表明提出的方法设计过程简单,且设计结果符合梳状滤波特征.     

Synthesis of bandpass grid filter for linear polarized millimeter wave

A method based on equivalent circuit and transmission line model is proposed to design narrow bandpass grid filters in short millimeter wave. Several bandpass filters with 2, 3 or 4 element inductive wire grids in the 70GHz region have been designed with Butterworth or Chebyshev characteristic for linear polarized wave. The agreement between measurement and design theory is good and this proves the rationality and practicality of our design theory.     

低射频窄通带高温超导滤波器设计

本文在双面YBCO高温超导薄膜上设计了12节低射频窄通带超导带通滤波器.中心频率385MHz,相对带宽1.3%,考虑到窄带滤波器对衬底介电常数的敏感性,采用MgO基片以避免基片孪晶造成的介电常数非均匀性带来的影响.为了能在不大于2英寸的基片上制备出如此低频的高性能超导滤波器,设计中选用了1/4波长的螺旋形谐振结构.设计结果的带边陡峭度达到了50dB/MHz,带内插损小于0.014dB,带外抑制达到100dB,二倍频处抑制度优于130dB.     

Sequential anisotropic Wiener filtering applied to 3D MRI data

We present three different sequential Wiener filters, namely, isotropic, orientation and anisotropic. The first one is similar to the classical Wiener filter in the sense that it uses an isotropic neighborhood to estimate its parameters. Here we present a sequential version of it. The orientation Wiener filter uses oriented neighborhoods to estimate the structure orientation present at each voxel, giving rise to a modified estimator of the parameters. Finally, the anisotropic Wiener filter combines both approaches adaptively so that the appropriate approach is locally selected. Several synthetic experiments are presented showing the performance of the filters with respect to their parameters. A mean square error analysis is performed using a publicly available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain phantom and a comparison with other filtering approaches is carried out. In addition, results from filtering real MRI data are presented.     

Polarization Independent Three-Element Solc-Type Birefringent Optical Fiber Loop Filters

Polarization-independent birefringent optical fiber loop filters with narrowband transmission characteristics are studied. Using Jones matrix analysis, a three-element fiber loop filter structure, performing as a Solc-type narrow band filter is designed and fabricated. By selecting proper splice angles between these three elements as well as their birefringence, a narrowband, polarization-independent periodic optical filter with 0.63-nm transmission bandwith and 2.71-nm transmission period is realized     

非约束纯相位空间匹配滤波器设计研究

根据非约束相关匹配滤波器和纯相位匹配滤波器的概念,分析了非约束纯相位匹配滤波器的特性及其在光学相关识别中的应用,并与其他典型纯相位匹配滤波器进行了比较.模拟和实验结果表明,非约束纯相位匹配滤波器具有畸变容限大、相关峰高、算法简单的特点.用于光学相关识别是一种实用的空间匹配滤波器算法.     

利用低通滤波作预处理对旋滤波进行改进

旋滤波方法在条纹图的处理中得到了比较广泛地应用,为了使其在噪声比较强的时候也能获得好的效果,在其方法中加入了低通滤波,以此来改善方位图,从而改善旋滤波的滤波效果。并且利用零阶开环高斯滤波算法,对低通滤波图像的边缘进行了修正。实验结果表明,改进后的方法能得到更好的条纹方位图,从而提高旋滤波的处理精度。     

基于FPGA的点目标滤波检测算法

介绍和分析了在当前成像跟踪系统中常用的几种点目标滤波检测算法。为了满足图像处理实时性要求，设计了一套针对图像滤波算法的FPGA硬件实现结构。该结构具有FPGA高速并行计算能力，能在信号读出的过程中实时地完成多种滤波处理。成像实验证明该方案切实可行，具有良好的实时滤波效果。     

Scaled unscented transform Gaussian sum filter: Theory and application

In this work we consider the state estimation problem in nonlinear/non-Gaussian systems. We introduce a framework, called the scaled unscented transform Gaussian sum filter (SUT-GSF), which combines two ideas: the scaled unscented Kalman filter (SUKF) based on the concept of scaled unscented transform (SUT) (Julier and Uhlmann (2004) [16]), and the Gaussian mixture model (GMM). The SUT is used to approximate the mean and covariance of a Gaussian random variable which is transformed by a nonlinear function, while the GMM is adopted to approximate the probability density function (pdf) of a random variable through a set of Gaussian distributions. With these two tools, a framework can be set up to assimilate nonlinear systems in a recursive way. Within this framework, one can treat a nonlinear stochastic system as a mixture model of a set of sub-systems, each of which takes the form of a nonlinear system driven by a known Gaussian random process. Then, for each sub-system, one applies the SUKF to estimate the mean and covariance of the underlying Gaussian random variable transformed by the nonlinear governing equations of the sub-system. Incorporating the estimations of the sub-systems into the GMM gives an explicit (approximate) form of the pdf, which can be regarded as a “complete” solution to the state estimation problem, as all of the statistical information of interest can be obtained from the explicit form of the pdf (Arulampalam et al. (2002) [7]).In applications, a potential problem of a Gaussian sum filter is that the number of Gaussian distributions may increase very rapidly. To this end, we also propose an auxiliary algorithm to conduct pdf re-approximation so that the number of Gaussian distributions can be reduced. With the auxiliary algorithm, in principle the SUT-GSF can achieve almost the same computational speed as the SUKF if the SUT-GSF is implemented in parallel.As an example, we will use the SUT-GSF to assimilate a 40-dimensional system due to Lorenz and Emanuel (1998) [27]. We will present the details of implementing the SUT-GSF and examine the effects of filter parameters on the performance of the SUT-GSF.     

声表面波陷波器与梯形结构相结合的滤波器

用单端对SAW谐振器取代LC低通滤波器中的电容可构成宽通带陷波器。它具有频率选择性好，通带插损低，对陷波频点抑制较高的优点。将这种陷波器与梯形滤波器结合，能实现一种在通带具有低插损，而在特定频段达到高抑制的滤波器，从而可用于双工器中。本文首先分析了这种组合结构的构成原理及实现方法；然后进行理论模拟，并进行了实验验证。     

蒙特卡罗剂量分布去噪中三维高斯和Savitzky-Golay滤波器的改进与混合

对模拟粒子轨迹数较少模拟时间较短的蒙特卡罗粗糙剂量分布进行三维滤波,可以加速其收敛速度.结合蒙特卡罗剂量分布特征,改进三维高斯和Savitzky-Golay滤波器,建立三维混合滤波方法,并比较并联和级联两种基本混合方式.根据卷积性质,提出用等效卷积核简化混合滤波器结构的方法.结果表明,改进后的高斯和Savitzky-Golay滤波器的整体去噪效果得以增强,混合滤波器进一步降低滤波结果的局部误差,两种混合滤波器都能够大幅度抑制MC粗糙剂量分布中的噪声,级联混合滤波器降噪效果略优于并联混合滤波器.     

一种多滤波器组合导航数据融合方法

针对组合导航系统中使用单天线GPS接收机时导致姿态角不易收敛的问题,提出了一种互补滤波器和卡尔曼滤波器相结合的数据融合算法。该方法首先通过MEMS惯性传感器与磁强计设计了一种互补滤波算法。针对载体在变速运动过程中加速度计的倾角测量值有较大误差,影响互补滤波器输出精度的问题,通过GPS接收机和加速度计设计了卡尔曼滤波模型,将卡尔曼滤波器输出速度的微分量反馈给互补滤波器,实现了对互补滤波器中载体运动加速度的补偿。基于以上解算方法,以FPGA为核心处理器设计了组合导航系统并进行了车载实验。实验中,该方法有效补偿了汽车变速过程中的倾角测量误差,证明了该方法的有效性。     

壁流式柴油机颗粒过滤体捕集性能的实验研究

过滤压降和过滤效率是评价过滤体性能的重要指标.实验室搭建了捕集柴油机颗粒的发动机台架.通过台架实验,研究了过滤体结构参数对过滤体性能的影响.研究结果表明;随过滤体长度的增加,过滤压降逐渐减小,初始过滤效率先缓慢增加,后急剧下降;增加过滤体的孔隙率有利于降低过滤体初始压降和压降增长率;孔隙率较低的过滤体具有较高的初始过滤效率,但在颗粒层过滤阶段,孔隙率对过滤效率的影响不明显;颗粒层的沉积结构特性受过滤速度的影响,颗粒层比阻与颗粒层堆积厚度乘积的变化率随过滤速度的变化呈非线性关系变化.     

包含源与负载耦合的滤波器诊断与调试方法

柯西法目前仅适用于诊断不包含源与负载耦合的带通滤波器。为解决这一问题,提出了一种能够诊断包含源与负载耦合的带通、带阻谐振腔滤波器的方法。利用遗传算法优化获得源与负载耦合系数并移除滤波器输入/输出端口处传输线引起的S参数的相位加载效应;使用柯西法一步确定仿真S参数对应的特征多项式;从获得的源与负载耦合系数和特征多项式中,利用已有的技术诊断出N+2阶耦合矩阵。此方法可用于指导滤波器的调试,通过对比理想的耦合矩阵与提取的耦合矩阵之间的差异,可确定滤波器问题出自何处以及调试的方向,从而加快滤波器的设计与实现。     

A phase-shifted linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating with tunable bandwidth

We demonstrate a new method to broaden and adjust the transmission bandwidth of a phase-shifted linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (PS-LCFBG) after its fabrication. A movable thermal head is used to heat the PS-LCFBG at a small contact point. The original ultra-narrow transmission bandwidth of the PS-LCFBG can be broadened due to both the presence of the passband peak caused by the thermally-induced temporary phase shift and the passband caused by the thermally-induced local Bragg wavelength shift. The transmission bandwidth of the new passband peak can be adjusted by changing the position of the thermal head. The transmission bandwidth of the PS-LCFBG can be broadened from <10 pm to 0.16 nm, and can be tuned from 0.16 to 1.05 nm.     

级联积分梳状滤波器在超声检测系统中的应用*

在超声探伤系统中,通常要求回波幅度的垂直线性误差小于±5%,通常采样率需10倍于原始信号频率以上,对于高频探头来说对仪器的A/D性能要求较高。该文提出了一种基于现场可编程门阵列的对探伤信号恢复幅值方法,采用高效的级联积分梳状滤波器(CIC滤波器)及其FIR补偿滤波器进行滤波插值,在有限的采样频率下实现了高频信号的幅值恢复,并通过MATLAB和自研硬件平台进行了仿真、架构和实验,验证了CIC插值滤波器的滤波误差小于2.2%且效率高于具有同等插值效果的FIR插值滤波器,具备很好的工程应用价值。     

基于H型谐振器的L波段宽带高温超导滤波器设计

宽带的高节数高温超导滤波器一直是滤波器设计和制作的难点.主要原因是强耦合的设计要求使得谐振器间距过小,制作精度难以达到.本文使用H型强耦合谐振器设计和制作了中心频率1335 MHz、相对带宽28%的14节高陡峭度超导滤波器.H型谐振器具有耦合系数高和结构紧凑、对称的性质.高的耦合系数使得H型谐振器适合用于宽带滤波器的设计;紧凑、对称的结构使得高节数的高性能宽带滤波器的实现成为可能.高温超导滤波器在无调谐情况下测试结果为S21<0.33 dB,S11<-11.3 dB,带外抑制超过70dB,矩形系数达到1.3,测试结果与设计结果符合得很好.     

Wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator

In this paper, we implement a wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator (JTC) for real-time target recognition applications. In real-time situation the input scene is captured using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The obtained joint power spectrum is multiplied by a pre-synthesized fringe-adjusted filter and the resultant function is processed with an appropriately scaled wavelet filter. Three performance measure parameters: correlation peak intensity, peak-to-sidelobe ratio, and signal-to-clutter ratio have been calculated for fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator (FJTC) and wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator (WFJTC). The WFJTC has been found to yield better results in comparison to conventional FJTC. To suppress the undesired strong dc, the resultant function is differentiated. Differential processing wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint power spectrum removes the zero-order spectra and hence improves the detection efficiency. To focus the correlation terms in different planes in order to capture one of the desired autocorrelation peaks and discard the strong dc and another autocorrelation peak, chirp-encoding technique has also been applied. Targets with Gaussian and speckle noise have also been used to check the correlation outputs. Computer simulation and experimental results are presented.     

A Waveguide Band-Stop Filter as an Image Rejection Filter for Measurement of Stratospheric Ozone

In this report we present the performance and test observation results of a waveguide band-stop filter (BSF) as an image rejection filter for the measurement of stratospheric ozone. By using the waveguide BSF, we are able to adopt a very simple optical system and achieve a good image rejection ratio. Additionally, we are able to observe in both single sideband (SSB) mode and double sideband (DSB) mode by only changing the local oscillator (LO) frequency. We have installed the waveguide BSF into an atmospheric ozone-measuring system using a superconductive (SIS) receiver and have successfully observed an ozone spectrum at 110 GHz in SSB and DSB mode. The receiver noise temperature (SSB) and the image rejection ratio at 110 GHz are about 60 K and more than 30 dB, respectively.Because of the IF power ripple, the waveguide BSF cannot be used with a wide-band spectrometer. However, it is quite practical for narrow-band observation.     

Unscented Kalman filter and its nonlinear application for tracking a moving target

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is probably the most widely used estimation algorithm for nonlinear systems. However, more than 40 years of experience in the estimation community has shown that is difficult to implement, difficult to tune, and only reliable for systems that are almost linear on the time scale of the updates. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). And the algorithms of the FEKF, SEKF and UKF are given. Furthermore, the state models and measurement models of a target are set up. For comparison purpose, the three algorithms is simulated for the target tracking, and the algorithm performance is analyzed and compared by the simulation results of FEKF, SEKF and UKF. Numerical results demonstrate that FEKF and UKF give almost identical results while the estimates of SEKF are clearly worse. The UKF is easier to implement, avoiding Jacobian and Hessian matrices computation.