Proton-Gamma-Winkelverteilungen an der Reaktion19F(p, α γ)16O

The angular distributions of the 6.13 MeV γ₁ transition in the reaction¹⁹F(p, α γ)¹⁶O have been measured with improved accuracy at proton energies of 873 keV and 1,374 keV using a Ge(Li) detector. The results can be fitted by Legendre polynom series witha ₂=?0,018±0.008;a ₄=0.000±0.008 atE _p =873 keV anda ₂=?0.130±0.005;a ₄=+0.004±0.004 atE _p =1,374 keV. From the measured Legendre coefficients α₁-angular momentum mixing ratios are extracted and compared with the results from (p, α₁) and (α₁, γ₁) correlations.     

Pressure-dependent phase transition in the ordered BaBi0.7Nb0.3O3 perovskite

BaBi_0.7Nb_0.3O₃, an ordered perovskite, crystallizes in a centrosymmetric rhombohedral structure with the space group R3¯. The refined cell parameters obtained from synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data for the rhombohedral phase at ambient pressure are a=6.109 (2) Å and α=60.3 (1)°. The pressure-dependent synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction studies show a phase transition around 8.44±1 GPa, where it transforms from rhombohedral structure to a monoclinic structure. The lattice parameters obtained for the monoclinic phase at a pressure of 15±1 GPa are a=5.91 (2) Å, b=6.25 (3) Å and c=8.22 (1) Å with monoclinic angle, β=88 (1)°.     

基于p1-p2与a1+a2共同本征态的相干纠缠态表象的构建及性质

利用有序算符乘积内的积分技术（IWOP）,建立了一种称之为相干纠缠态的两粒子体系的新表象,研究了这种新表象的性质,从理论上探讨了这种相干纠缠态的产生方法.结果表明：本文建立的这种p₁-p₂与a₁+a₂的共同本征态|p,β〉,既具有相干态的特性,又体现了纠缠态的特征,具有超完备性,完全可以作为一个表象使用. 物理上可以用光分束器来实现|< 关键词： IWOP技术 相干纠缠态表象 分束器     

Positron annihilation in polycrystalline metals

The empirical relation θ _p ⁶ /I _p=aK (where θ _p is the limiting angle of the parabolic component in the angular distributions of annihilation photons in metals, I _p is the integrated contribution of this component, K=1, 2, 3, ... is an integer, and a is a constant independent of the type of metal) observed earlier has been tested on magnesium, aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, and bismuth samples. The validity of this relation has been substantiated. The value of the dimensionless constant a has been determined and was found to coincide within experimental error with the result obtained in previous measurements. It is shown that the value of K for the same metal but for different samples may be different. It is conjectured that this may be due to different defect concentrations in samples. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 600–602 (April 1998)     

一种新型的两态叠加多模叠加态光场的广义非线性等阶N次方H压缩

本文根据量子力学中的线性叠加原理,构造了由多模(即 q模)相干态的相反态 | {-Z_j}〉_q及多模虚相干态的相反态 | {-iZ_j}〉_q 这两者的线性叠加所组成的一种新型的两态叠加多模叠加态光场 | ψ_msc⁽²⁾〉_q 利用新近建立的多模压缩态理论,详细研究了态 | ψ_msc⁽²⁾〉_q 的广义非线性等阶N次方H压缩特性 结果发现:1)当压缩阶数N与腔模总数q这两者之积为偶数,亦即当q·N =2p且p =2m(m =1,2,3,…,…)时,态 | ψ_msc⁽²⁾〉_q恒处于等阶N-H最小测不准态;2)当q·N =2p且 p =2m′+ 1(m′ =0,1,2,3,…,…)时,如果各模的初始相位之和 、态间的初始相位差(θ_nq^(I)-θ_nq^(R))、各多模相干态光场的总的平均光子数 以及 [(θ_nq^(I)-θ_nq^(R))+ ]等满足一定的量子化条件时,态 | ψ_msc⁽²⁾〉_q 总可呈现出周期性变化的、任意阶的等阶N次方H压缩效应;3)当压缩阶数N与腔模总数 q这两者之积为奇数时,亦即当 q·N =2p + 1时,无论 p =2m(m =0,1,2,3,…,…)还是 p =2m′ + 1(m′ =0,1,2,3,…,…),只要各模初始相位之和 满足一定的量子化条件,则当两态叠加几率幅满足r_nq^(R) =r_nq^(I) 时,态 | ψ_msc⁽²⁾〉_q 就恒处于N-H测不准态     

Geometric form of the equations for the phase changes on reflection and transmission at a thin absorbing film

Abelès' equations for the phase changes on reflection and transmission, F_s, F_p, X_s and X_p at thin films have been rearranged into geometrical form in the ε₁, ε₂ plane. The contours of constant F_s and F_p are a series of circles whilst X_s and X_p can be represented by straight lines. When considering the same functions in the n, k plane, f_s and F_p become quartics in new axes, n′ and k′, obtained by rotating the n and k axes through an angle a given by tan . A similar transformation applied to X_s and X_p generates hyperbolae in the n′, k′ plane.     

Computational study of the proton affinity and basicity of structurally diverse α1‐adrenoceptor ligands

The α₁‐adrenoceptor is a target for the treatment of several conditions from hypertension to benign prostatic hyperplasia. In this paper, we describe a new analysis approach to explore the conformational space of several ligands of the α₁‐adrenoceptor and we also present the calculation of their proton affinity and basicity. For each compound a conformational search followed by a semi‐empirical optimisation was performed and a selection of conformations for each ligand was subjected to further optimisation using density functional theory methods. Different positions were explored to determine the favoured site of protonation, and then, the proton affinity (in the gas phase) and basicity (using the polarisable continuum model for the aqueous solution) were calculated for each of them. In addition, an alternative method using one explicit water molecule in combination with the polarisable continuum model for aqueous solvent was explored. Moreover, the acid dissociation constant (pK_a) in water of these 26 compounds was calculated because this is an important parameter for a ligand when binding to its receptor. The experimental pK_a values of six of these ligands and those of two compounds with a very low and a very large pK_a were used to validate the theoretical methodology. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The anharmonic bending vibration of the NaCl dimer

A vibrational analysis of the NaCl dimer at high temperature is performed, with special attention given to a quantum mechanical study of the anharmonic, large amplitude B_1u out-of-plane bending mode. This mode is the primary contributor to the perpendicular amplitude correction K, and the anharmonic, large amplitude K value for the Na—Cl bond is found to be only 0.0002 Å less than the standard harmonic value of 0.0159 Å at 1130 K. This corresponds to an average out-of-plane bending angle α¯ of 10°. The results of a standard ASYM20 harmonic analysis are then applied to extract an approximate r _e(Na—Cl) value for the dimer of 2.514(40) Å, in excellent agreement with the best microwave/ ab initio value of 2.515 Å. Derived non-bonded r _a to r _e corrections are also reasonable, although the nona e bonded distances are best combined to determine the Cl—Na—Cl angle.     

线形天线阵的单位圆上零点分布的一个普遍函数

在本文中,作者提出了与线形天线阵辐射图形中零点相对应的复量多项式的根在复数面中单位圆上的一个分布函数,它比作者在前一篇论文中所提出的分布函数有更普遍的意义。这个普遍函数是:ψ_K=ψ₀{1+ξK^{((ln(ψ_m/ψ₀-1)-lnξ)/(ln m))}}.当ψ₀和ξ被适当地选择时,这个普遍函数所代表的天线阵将包括以下各式天线阵作为特例:(1)均匀横射式天线阵;(2)均匀端射式天线阵;(3)谢昆诺夫天线阵;(4)道尔夫-捷比谢夫天线阵当阵中单元数不超过7时。但是,应用所提出的分布函数并当合理地选择ψ₀和ξ时,却可以改善以上各式天线阵,尤其在压小主瓣附近的旁瓣方面。这一情况是具有重大实用意义的。此外,因为天线阵中各单元的场强或其方向图中的旁瓣一般都随着离开主瓣的角距的增加而下降的,所以为了使天线阵的总方向图有均等或接近均等的小的旁瓣(这是具有实用意义的),就必须设计一个由均匀辐射器所组成的天线阵,它有随着离开主瓣的角距的增加而上升的小的旁瓣。利用谢昆诺夫的分布或道尔夫-捷比谢夫的分布都不能达到此目的,但是应用所提出的分布函数却可以办到。计算结果证实了上述各点。在本文中,作者还将代表各式天线阵的多项式的乘积形式加以展开,从而将其中的系数化为显式以便于阵中各单元上相对电流的计算。     

质子在α-LiIO3单晶中的沟道效应研究

利用MeV能量的准直质子束,在不同的质子能量下,测定了α-LiIO₃单晶<001>向的轴沟道参数角度半宽度ψ1/2和产额极小值χ_min。在向静电场作用卞,首次观察到入射质子与表面处的Ⅰ原子沟道-背散射产额随电场作用时间而增加,并定量计算了表面无序Ⅰ原子数随静电场作用时间的关系。另外,入射质子与 ⁷Li原子沟道-核反应[⁷Li(p,α)⁴He]产生的α粒子产额也随电场作用时间而增加。 关键词：     

Extended triplet set C343 of DNA sequences and its application to the p53 gene

Recently, much research has indicated that more and more cancers pose a threat to human life. Cancers are caused by oncogenes. Many human oncogenes have been found and most of them are located on chromosomes. The discovery of the oncogene plays a significant role in the treatment of cancer. The p53 tumor suppressor gene has received much attention because it frequently mutates or deletes in tumor cells of most people. Thus, the study of oncogenes is significant. In order to establish the Galois field (GF(7)), the indefinite gene is introduced as D and oncogene is introduced as O, and P. Taking the polynomial coefficients a₀, a₁, a₂ ∈ GF(7) and the bijective function f:GF(7) → {D,A,C,O,G,T,P}, where f(0) = D, f(1) = A, f(2) = C, f(3) = O, f(4) = G, f(5) = T, and f(6) = P, the bijective φ may be written as φ(a₀ + a₁x + a₂x²). Based on the algebraic structure, we can not only analyse the DNA sequence of oncogenes, but also predict possible new cancers.     

Messung der Winkelverteilung der α-Teilchen der Kern-Reaktion11B (p, α1)8Be (2,9 MeV)

It is not possible to measure the angular distribution of the α-particles from¹¹B(p, α₁)⁸Be*(2,9 MeV) with a simple one-detector arrangement, because the back-ground α-particle spectrum from⁸Be* will change shape and contents with angle. Therefore a coincidence method is employed. Two detectors are arranged in such a way that with any angle in thelaboratory system the angle between the detectors is 180 degrees in the center ofmass system. By this method angular correlations are eliminated and the angular distribution of α₁ can be measured as long as the two coincident lines, recorded by each detector, are separable. Since this is not always the case the angular distributions are determined only for reactions proceeding through the two excited states in¹²C that are reached with 1.39 and 2.64 MeV proton energy. Angular distributions of the α_o radiation have been remeasured.     

Pseudoscalar-Meson Mixing in ψ(2S)→VP Decays

Based on the branching ratios of ψ(2S)→VP given by the BES collaboration, we make a new analysis to study the mixing of pseudoscalars. The mixing angle of η and η_p, θ_p is determined to be (－7.54±1.52)° which is consistent with the value obtained from quadratic Gell-Mann-Okubo formula. From this work we also know that the strength of DOZI to SOZI is about 14% in ψ(2S)→VP, and the phase angle of electromagnetic amplitude to strong amplitude is (156±89)°.     

Self-interstitial configuration in molybdenum studied by modified analytical embedded atom method

The stability of various atomic configurations containing a self-interstitial atom (SIA) in a model representing Mo has been investigated using the modified analytical embedded atom method (MAEAM). The lattice relaxations are treated with the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation at absolute zero of temperature. Six relatively stable self-interstitial configurations and formation energies have been described and calculated. The results indicate that the [111] dumbbell interstitial S₁₁₁ has the lowest formation energy, and in ascending order, the sequence of the configurations is predicted to be S₁₁₁, C, S₁₁₀, T, S₀₀₁ and O. From relaxed displacement field up to the fifth-NN atoms of six configurations, we know that the relaxed displacements depend not only on separation distances of the NN atoms from the defect centre but also strongly on the direction of the connected line between the NN atoms and the defect centre. The equilibrium distances between two nearest atoms in the core of the S₁₁₁, C, S₁₁₀, T, S₀₀₁ and O configurations are 0.72a, 0.72a, 0.71a, 0.72a, 0.70a and 0.70a, respectively.      

Review: Gas of Wormholes: A Possible Ground State of Quantum Gravity

In order to gain insight into the possible Ground State of Quantized Einstein's Gravity, we have derived a variational calculation of the energy of the quantum gravitational field in an open space, as measured by an asymptotic observer living in an asymptotically flat space-time. We find that for Quantum Gravity (QG) it is energetically favourable to perform its quantum fluctuations not upon flat space-time but around a "gas" of wormholes of mass m _p, the Planck mass (m _p 10¹⁹ GeV) and average distance l _p, the Planck length a _p(a _p 10^–33 cm). As a result, assuming such configuration to be a good approximation to the true Ground State of Quantum Gravity, space-time, the arena of physical reality, turns out to be well described by Wheeler's quantum foam and adequately modeled by a space-time lattice with lattice constant l _p, the Planck lattice.     

求近似波函数的一种方法

设H为量子体系的哈密顿算符,以算符(λ-H)和(H-λ)^-1作用于近似波函数ψ_k⁽⁰⁾。我们证明了,如果作用得到的函数中φ_k在H的变量的整个区间是连续、有限和平方可积的,则它们是比ψ_k⁽⁰⁾更接近于本征态ψ_k的近似波函数。由φ_k计算H的平均值接近于以{ψ_k⁽⁰⁾}为无微扰态的二级微扰的计算值。用此法计算类氢离子的极化率,得到很好的结果。     

Self-similarity of low-p T cumulative pion production in proton-nucleus collisions at high energies

The experimental data on inclusive spectra of the π⁺ mesons produced in p + A collisions at the incident proton momentum of 400 GeV/c obtained by G. Leksin group at FNAL are analyzed in the framework of z-scaling. Self-similarity of the hadron production in the low-p _T cumulative region is verified. Scaling function ψ(z) for the Li, Be, C, Al, Cu, Ta nuclei is constructed. It is expressed via the invariant cross section and average multiplicity density of charged particles. Results of the analysis of the low-p _T data are compared with the high-p _T data sets obtained by J. Cronin, R. Sulyaev and D. Jaffe groups. A microscopic scenario of p + A interactions in terms of momentum fractions x ₁, x ₂ is discussed. Indication on self-similarity of the cumulative pion production in p + A collisions over a wide kinematical range has been found. Based on the universality of the shape of the scaling function the inclusive cross sections of the π⁺ mesons produced in p + A collisions on the Li, Be, C, Al, Cu, Ta targets in deep-cumulative region (x ₂ ? 1/A) are predicted.     

Kinetics and mechanism of the anilinolysis of aryl 4‐nitrophenyl thionocarbonates in aqueous ethanol

The reactions of bis(4‐nitrophenyl), 3‐chlorophenyl 4‐nitrophenyl, and 3‐methoxyphenyl 4‐nitrophenyl thionocarbonates ( 1 , 2 , and 3 , respectively) with a series of anilines are subjected to a kinetic investigation in 44 wt.% ethanol–water, at 25.0 °C and an ionic strength of 0.2 M. Under aniline excess, pseudo‐first‐order rate coefficients (k_obs) are found. Plots of k_obs versus aniline concentration are linear, with the slopes (k_N) pH independent, k_N being the rate coefficient for the anilinolysis of the thionocarbonates. The Brønsted plot (log k_N vs. pK_a of anilinium ions) for thionocarbonate 1 is linear, with slope (β) 0.62, which is consistent with a concerted mechanism. The Brønsted plots for thionocarbonates 2 and 3 are curved, with slopes 0.1 at high pK_a for both reaction series and slopes 0.84 and 0.79 at low pK_a for the reactions of 2 and 3 , respectively. The latter plots are in accordance to stepwise mechanisms, through a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate (T^±) and its anionic analogue (T^?), the latter being formed by deprotonation of T^± by the basic form of the buffer (HPO). The Brønsted curves are explained by a change in the rate‐limiting step, from deprotonation of T^± at low pK_a, to its formation at high pK_a. The influence of the amine nature and the non‐leaving and electrophilic groups of the substrate on the kinetics and mechanism is also discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

铁磁/反铁磁双层膜中冷却场对交换偏置场的影响

用铁磁畴壁模型研究了非补偿界面铁磁/反铁磁双层膜中冷却场（包括大小及其方向）对交换偏置场h_E的影响.结果表明：当冷却场的方向与反铁磁层磁易轴一致时,h_E大小与冷却场大小无关.当冷却场的方向偏离磁易轴时,h_E的大小随偏离角度的增大有缓慢的改变,但当冷却场的方向偏离到临界角度γ_c处,h_E的大小发生突变,其γ_c的大小随冷却场的增大而增大.特别是当冷却场的偏离角度大于γ_c后,h_E出现由负转正的现象,其转变点还与冷却场的大小有关.另外,h_E与铁磁层原子层数N_F的关系会发生由h_E∝N^-1_F向h_E∝N^-λ_F的转变,其中λ>1.其发生转变的条件与N_F、冷却场大小和方向密切相关. 关键词： 铁磁/反铁磁双层膜 交换偏置 冷却场