Simulation of radiation damage in materials under high fluence ion bombardment

The results of analytical estimations and computer simulation of a radiation damage level dpa are presented and discussed taking into account the material sputtering under ion bombardment. It is shown that the calculations of a stationary level of radiation damage are necessary for the interpretation of regularities of a radiation damage in materials under high fluence ion bombardment.     

The effect of radiation damage on microstructure and ion electron emission of pyrolytic graphites

The influence of radiation damage on the microstructure of pyrolytic graphites was analyzed. The correlation between the temperature dependences of ion-induced electron emission and structural modification of UPV-1 pyrolytic graphite and highly oriented UPV-1T pyrolytic graphite under neutron and high-fluence (10¹⁷–10¹⁹ cm⁻²) (30 keV) Ar⁺ irradiation was experimentally studied and discussed.     

激光参数影响太赫兹辐射的数值模拟

 利用2维PIC程序模拟了聚焦激光脉冲垂直入射非均匀等离子体,在界面激发超强太赫兹辐射的物理过程,研究了激光强度、脉宽和焦斑半径对太赫兹辐射功率和频率的影响,并和模式转换理论作了对比。结果表明:激光强度是影响太赫兹辐射功率的主要因素;当脉宽在等离子体波长附近时,激起的静电波振幅最大,此时对应的太赫兹辐射最强;同时存在一个最优的焦斑半径,使得辐射功率最大。     

The determination of the model interaction potential parameters from a comparison of experimental and calculated ion ranges in an amorphous substance

Parameters of the model atomic interaction potential are suggested to be determined by comparing the experimental and analytical values of projective ion ranges. The parameters were found for the interaction of Bi, Pb, Au, Yb, Er, Eu, Cs, Xe, Sn, Rb, Kr, Ga, and Cu ions with carbon and boron atoms.     

Influence of radiation damage on Mössbauer effect probability

We calculate the dependence of the Mössbauer-effect probability on the concentration of the amorphised phase in irradiatede materials. The calculated dependence is compared with experimental data for ferrite-garnets irradiated by fast neutrons. A nice agreement has been found between the theory and the experimental results.     

双极晶体管负载瞬态辐照毁伤效应

利用有源传输线模型与漂移-扩散模型的耦合计算模型,对在瞬态X射线辐照下电缆末端典型N+-p-n-N+结构的双极晶体管负载的毁伤效应与规律进行研究,通过分析双极晶体管内部晶格温度分布,判定是否处于毁伤状态,总结双极晶体管烧毁时间和烧毁所需能量与脉冲X射线脉冲宽度和注量之间的关系。结果表明:随着脉冲X射线脉宽增加,双极晶体管烧毁能量变化较小,烧毁时间逐渐增加;随着注量增加,烧毁时间逐渐降低,在5.86J/cm2以下时,烧毁所需能量基本相同,之后呈指数逐渐增加,并通过曲线拟合得到损伤规律的经验公式。     

双极晶体管负载瞬态辐照毁伤效应

利用有源传输线模型与漂移-扩散模型的耦合计算模型,对在瞬态X射线辐照下电缆末端典型N+-p-n-N+结构的双极晶体管负载的毁伤效应与规律进行研究,通过分析双极晶体管内部晶格温度分布,判定是否处于毁伤状态,总结双极晶体管烧毁时间和烧毁所需能量与脉冲X射线脉冲宽度和注量之间的关系。结果表明：随着脉冲X射线脉宽增加,双极晶体管烧毁能量变化较小,烧毁时间逐渐增加;随着注量增加,烧毁时间逐渐降低,在5.86 J/cm2以下时,烧毁所需能量基本相同,之后呈指数逐渐增加,并通过曲线拟合得到损伤规律的经验公式。     

The two-temperature plasma model of a fireball. The calculated parameters

The analyzed subject is a model of a fireball on the basis of two-temperature plasma. It is hereby recommended to use the offered criteria of plasma confinement and its balance with the environment - atmosphere. You can also see the numerical fit of calculated parameters of internal energy, life time, and surface tension with the analogous parameters of a typical natural fireball.     

The interpretation of radiation damage experiments on gold

The paper shows that the conclusions drawn from recent experiments on electron irradiation of gold at about 100° K should be reversed, i.e. that these experiments speak against the free thermally activated migration of interstitials at the irradiation temperature. It is shown that this viewpoint is in agreement with several related experiments, which may all be interpreted by a dynamic propagation of crowdions over distances between 1000 Å and 2000 Å. At intermediate and high defect concentrations the dynamic propagation mechanism is suppressed.     

A theoretical treatment of ion entrapment in sites associated with radiation damage

235_U fission fragment and fast neutron irradiations induce, at 30 K, an important increase in the electrical resistivity of a-Fe₈₀B₂₀ and a-Fe₇₈Mo₂B₂₀. This increase anneals out partially when the samples are heated up to 300 K in two stages. An interpretation in terms of structural defects in the short range order of the amorphous alloys is presented.     

Characteristic parameters of diffusive supersonic radiation transport in low density materials

Diffusive heat waves play an important role in radiation hydrodynamics. In low density material, it may be possible that the radiative energy flux dominates the material energy flux and thus energy flow can be determined. In this paper by means of a simple algebraic method, the expressions characterizing the condition of diffusion approximation and supersonic transport of heat wave are found. In this case, the ratio of the radiative energy flux to the material energy flux is directly proportional to the product of Mach number M multiplied by optical depth \tau. And it may also be expressed by radiation temperature heating material. The material density and length may be determined in order to achieve above-mentioned conditions when the driven temperature and duration are given.     

Influence of radiation damage on lattice vibration parameters in crystalline and vitreous SiO2

The influence of radiation damage on a number of lattice vibration parameters in two SiO₂ modifications was investigated using IR reflectance spectroscopy. The radiation kinetics of changes in spectral characteristics of SiO₂ fundamental vibrations in crystalline and glassy states were determined. The reflectivity coefficient and the frequency of degenerate vibrations as functions of dose showed minima, the locations of which were governed by the type of sample. At high neutron irradiation doses (10²¹ cm⁻²), certain characteristics of the bands had the same values for both modified materials. Features of the radiation kinetics of sample dynamic parameters were determined. It was deduced that the specific character of the observed radiation-induced changes in spectral and dynamic parameters of vibrations near degenerate modes was due to both the accumulation of radiation damage and a change in the force field surrounding bridging bonds, which is related to a change in the SiO₂ structure. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 354–358, May–June, 2008.     

An investigation of ionizing radiation damage in different SiGe processes

Different SiGe processes and device designs are the critical influences of ionizing radiation damage. Based on the different ionizing radiation damage in SiGe HBTs fabricated by Huajie and an IBM SiGe process, quantitatively numerical simulation of ionizing radiation damage was carried out to explicate the distribution of radiation-induced charges buildup in KT9041 and IBM SiGe HBTs. The sensitive areas of the EB-spacer and isolation oxide of KT9041 are much larger than those of the IBM SiGe HBT, and the distribution of charge buildup in KT9041 is several orders of magnitude greater than that of the IBM SiGe HBT. The result suggests that the simulations are consistent with the experiment, and indicates that the geometry of the EB-spacer, the area of the Si/SiO_2 interface and the isolation structure could be contributing to the different ionizing radiation damage.     

辐照损伤对钨晶格热导率影响的分子动力学研究

钨是最具应用前景的面向等离子体候选材料,但核聚变堆内强烈的辐照环境会使钨的近表面区域产生辐照损伤,进而影响其关键的导热性能.本文构建了包含辐照损伤相关缺陷的晶体钨模型,并采用非平衡分子动力学的方法定量研究了这些缺陷对钨导热性能的影响.结果表明,随中子辐射能量的增加,晶体内部留下的Frenkel缺陷数目增多进而导致钨的晶格热导率降低;间隙原子比空位更易于向晶界偏聚,且钨中的间隙钨原子与空位相比,使晶格热导率下降程度更大.纳米级氦气泡导致晶格热导率的显著降低,气孔率为2.1%时晶格热导率降至完美晶体的约25%.这些不同的缺陷造成不同程度的周围晶格扭曲,增加了声子散射几率,是导致晶格热导率下降的根源.     

The effect of different combinations of boundary conditions on the average radiation efficiency of rectangular plates

The boundary conditions of a vibrating plate are known to have an influence on its sound radiation for frequencies below the critical frequency. To investigate this effect in a systematic way, the average radiation efficiency and radiated power are calculated for a rectangular plate set in an infinite baffle using a modal summation approach. Whereas analytical expressions exist for simply supported boundary conditions, a numerical approach is required for other cases. Nine combinations of boundary conditions are considered, consisting of simply supported, clamped and free edges on different plate edges. The structural vibration is approximated by using independent beam functions in orthogonal directions allowing simple approximate formulae for mode shapes and natural frequencies. This assumption is checked against a finite element model and shown to give reliable results. It is shown that a free plate has the lowest radiation efficiency and a clamped plate the highest for most frequencies between the fundamental panel natural frequency and the critical frequency. Other combinations of boundary condition give intermediate results according to the level of constraint introduced. The differences depend on frequency: excluding the extreme case of a fully free plate all the other boundary conditions give results within a range of 8 dB in the middle part of the short-circuiting region, decreasing towards the critical frequency. At low frequency the differences can be even greater, in some cases up to 20 dB. These conclusions are shown to hold for a range of plate thicknesses and dimensions.     

Study on the bias-dependent effects of proton-induced damage in CdZnTe radiation detectors using ion beam induced charge microscopy

The influence of damage induced by 2 MeV protons on CdZnTe radiation detectors is investigated using ion beam induced charge (IBIC) microscopy. Charge collection efficiency (CCE) in irradiated region is found to be degraded above a fluence of 3.3 × 10¹¹ p/cm² and the energy spectrum is severely deteriorated with increasing fluence. Moreover, CCE maps obtained under the applied biases from 50 V to 400 V suggests that local radiation damage results in significant degradation of CCE uniformity, especially under low bias, i. e., 50 V and 100 V. The CCE nonuniformity induced by local radiation damage, however, can be greatly improved by increasing the detector applied bias. This bias-dependent effect of 2 MeV proton-induced radiation damage in CdZnTe detectors is attributed to the interaction of electron cloud and radiation-induced displacement defects.     

采用不同辐射换热模型对液氦传输管线的数值研究

低温传输管线是大型低温制冷设备中的关键部件之一,采用高真空多层绝热方式减少低温传输管线的漏热。基于Fluent计算平台,分别采用DTRM模型、P1模型、ROSSELAND模型、DO模型、S2S模型对真空环境下的液氦传输管线进行了数值模拟。对比解析计算解,确定了适合液氦低温管真空环境下辐射换热的计算模型,并利用S2S模型对低温传输管线的整体结构进行了模拟。模拟分析表明:S2S模型计算得到的管壁面辐射和温度场与解析解较为接近,更适合真空环境下的壁面辐射换热计算;支撑漏热为主要漏热,管壁面间辐射换热占总漏热量比例较小,整体漏热小于1W/m,满足设计需求。     

Multiscale approach to radiation damage induced by ion beams: complex DNA damage and effects of thermal spikes

We present the latest advances of the multiscale approach to radiation damage caused by irradiation of a tissue with energetic ions and report the calculations of complex DNA damage and the effects of thermal spikes on biomolecules. The multiscale approach aims to quantify the most important physical, chemical, and biological phenomena taking place during and following irradiation with ions and provide a better means for clinically-necessary calculations with adequate accuracy. We suggest a way of quantifying the complex clustered damage, one of the most important features of the radiation damage caused by ions. This quantification allows the studying of how the clusterization of DNA lesions affects the lethality of damage. We discuss the first results of molecular dynamics simulations of ubiquitin in the environment of thermal spikes, predicted to occur in tissue for a short time after an ion’s passage in the vicinity of the ions’ tracks.