The decay of low-frequency elastic oscillations in a Ba2NaNb5O15 crystal

The internal friction and shear modulus of a barium sodium niobate crystal were studied using the torsion pendulum technique at a frequency of ～25 Hz in the temperature range from 80 to 800 K. An internal friction relaxation peak of the domain nature was observed at 228 K. A relaxation process responsible for this internal friction peak is explained through compensation of the electric charge (induced by a piezoelectric effect at the 180° domain walls) by charged point defects diffusing toward the domain walls.     

Radiation induced voids in high-purity magnesium

In these experiments we have measured the recovery spectra of the electrical resistivity after neutron irradiation at 78 °K of previously cold-worked copper specimens at room temperature and compared with well annealed specimens after neutron irradiation.     

中子辐照对Pd80Si20与Pd77.5Cu6Si16.5非晶态合金结构的影响

本工作用X射线衍射技术示差扫描量热法(DSC)和内耗测量等手段研究金属-类金属非晶态合金Pd₈₀Si₂₀和Pd_77.5Cu₆Si_16.5中子辐照前后的微观结构变化。结果表明,辐照在两种样品的对关联函数g(r)以及径向分布函数RDF(r)上都引起明显的变化;辐照后样品的晶化温度和晶化热有所提高,结构变得更加无序,Pd₈₀Si₂₀非晶态合金的内耗在T关键词：     

A mechanical spectrum study of bilayer cuprate La1.82Sr0.18CaCu2O6+δ

The mechanical spectrum of bilayer cuprate La_1.82Sr_0.18CaCu₂O_6+δ (La2126) was measured using the vibrating reed method from 30 K to room temperature at kilohertz frequency. A clear modulus softening was observed at 223 K accompanied by a sharp internal friction peak, which evidences a phase transition. Another broad internal friction peak around 250 K was observed, accompanied by a large modulus change. This contrasts with the broad internal friction peak of Ca doped Y Ba₂Cu₃O_7−δ (Y123) for which no clear modulus change was observed. The main contribution to the broad internal friction peak of La2126 is expected to be from the glass transition of the interstitial oxygen atoms.     

Internal friction in Cu6PS5Br superionic crystals and related composites

Mechanical properties of Cu₆PS₅Br single crystals and composites based on them have been investigated by the internal friction method. The measurements of the internal friction and the shear modulus have been performed in the temperature range of 80–300 K at deformation frequencies of 10–100 mHz in a mode of forced torsional vibrations. The maxima caused by the superionic and ferroelastic phase transitions have been found in temperature dependences of the internal friction. It has been shown that a more than two-fold decrease in the shear modulus with increasing temperature in the range of 150–230 K is caused by mobility unfreezing in the cation sublattice of the Cu₆PS₅Br single crystal during the superionic phase transition. An abrupt (more than threefold) increase in the shear modulus upon heating in the range of 260–270 K is caused by the ferroelastic phase transition of the Cu₆PS₅Br single crystal. Parameters of the internal friction of this single crystal in the course of mentioned phase transitions have been determined.     

Destruction of the gap in the intermediate valence compound SmB6 by neutron irradiation

The electrical resistivity ? of a SmB₆ single crystal has been measured during and after a fast neutron irradiation performed at 21 K : for the first time, it is shown that a very low defect concentration destroys the low temperature divergence of ? in this compound. These results are considered as an evidence of the existence of an intrinsic gap in pure SmB₆, and of its destruction by point defects. On the contrary, the irradiation has increased the resistivity value at 300 K, confirming the metallic character of SmB₆ at this temperature. The recovery of defects at 300 K is very weak.     

Internal friction evidence of uncorrelated magnetic clusters in electron-doped manganite Sr0.8Ce0.2MnO3

Electron-doped manganite Sr_0.8Ce_0.2MnO₃ has been systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction, electronic transport, magnetic, internal friction, and Young's modulus experiments. The X-ray diffraction result indicates that the compound remains tetragonal (I4/mcm) structure at room temperature. Due to the strong Jahn–Teller (JT) distortion, the ground state is antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulator. Below 20 K, a spin-glass (SG) state dominates at low temperatures. In the paramagnetic (PM) region, an internal friction peak at around 250 K, which is characteristic of relaxation, has been observed. Under applied magnetic field, the internal friction peak moves to higher temperature, which is suggested to originate from the formation of ferromagnetic (FM) clusters in PM region. In addition, the softening of Young's modulus in the vicinity of AFM transition temperature is interpreted in terms of the strong electron–phonon interaction.     

Elastic moduli and internal friction of nanocrystalline Pd and PdSi as a function of temperature

Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy was used to study the elastic constants and internal friction of two nanocrystalline palladium samples over the temperature range 3–300 K. The first material, nc-Pd, had a grain size of 80–100 nm and a density 93% of that of single-crystal bulk palladium. The second material, nc-PdSi containing 0.5 at.% Si, had a grain size of 15–22 nm and a density 97% of the single-crystal value. The bulk and shear moduli were significantly reduced in the nc-Pd material from that expected based on single-crystal data, the effect being greater for the bulk modulus. The moduli of nc-PdSi were reduced 4–5% from that based on crystalline Pd. As compared to previous reports of the elastic moduli of nanocrystalline palladium (grain size 5–15 nm) the present values for the larger-grained nc-Pd are comparable, but the present values for the smaller-grained nc-PdSi are considerably higher. An internal friction peak and a modulus defect were found in the nc-Pd material, but not in the nc-PdSi material. These effects are attributed to a relaxation process at the grain boundaries. The temperature dependence of the moduli is similar to that of crystalline palladium and is strongly influenced by electronic effects.     

La2-xNdxCuO4+δ(0.1≤x≤1.2)体系中滞弹性弛豫与相变内耗研究

通过对La_2-xNd_xCuO_4+δ(0.1≤x≤1.2)体系中滞弹性弛豫与相变内耗性能的研究发现,当0.1≤x≤1.0时,在250K左右存在一个与间隙氧有关的弛豫内耗峰,并且当0.1≤x≤0.4时,弛豫内耗峰峰高随着x值的增大而升高,此时体系为正交结构;当0.5≤x≤1.0时,体系在宏观上呈现四方结构,此时内耗峰峰高随着x< 关键词： 2-xNd_<i>xCuO_4+δ')" href="#">La_2-xNd_<i>xCuO_4+δ 间隙氧 弛豫内耗峰 相变内耗峰     

Recovery of copper alloys after neutron irradiation at low temperatures

The effects of fast neutron irradiation near 4.2°K on dilute Cu, Cu₃Au, α-CuZn, β-CuZn and CuNi alloys were studied by electrical resistivity measurements. For Cu₃Au, the recovery stage at ～ 100°K becomes more distinct with increasing long-range order, and is attributed to migration of interstitials. The ratio of the number of replacements to the number of displacements (C _R /C _F ) is estimated to be about 50 for neutron irradiation, in contrast to the previously reported value of ～2 for electron irradiation. For α-CuZn, a large recovery stage at ～150°K is found and attributed to annihilation of interstitids whose migration produces ordering. For β-CuZn, migration of interstitials also produces ordering. It is also suggested that in β-CuZn, the ratio C _R /C _F is larger for neutron irradiation than for electron irradiation as in the case of Cu₃Au. The results on CuNi alloys are presented without explanation.     

Internal friction,Young’s modulus,and electrical resistivity of submicrocrystalline titanium

The variation of the internal friction, Young’s modulus, and electrical resistivity of two grades of polycrystalline titanium (VT1-0 and Grade 4) in the area of low temperatures (100–300 K) as depending on the initial structure and subsequent severe plastic deformation converting the material into the submicrocrystalline structural state in relation to the grain size is studied. The maximum of the internal friction is detected in submicrocrystalline titanium, which is interpreted as a Bordoni peak. All the studied characteristics are sensitive indicators for a nonequilibrium state of the grain boundaries after the deformation. The effect of the initial structure of the metal on its properties after the severe deformation is revealed.     

Synthesis and physical properties of the ferroelectric magnet SrBi3Nb2FeO12

The dielectric, elastic, and inelastic properties of a ceramic ferroelectric SrBi₃Nb₂FeO₁₂ are studied over the temperature range 300–900 K. The observed anomalies in the temperature dependences of the permitivity, dielectric loss, shear modulus, and internal friction indicate the occurrence of a structural phase transition in the compound at ～700 K. It is suggested that the transition is a proper ferroelectric and improper ferroelastic second-order phase transition.     

Temperature dependence of the internal friction of polycrystalline indium

The temperature dependences of the internal friction and the elastic modulus of polycrystalline indium have been investigated in the temperature range 7–320 K at oscillatory loading frequencies of approximately 100 kHz. The effect of temperature on the amplitude dependence and the effect of high-amplitude loading at 7 K on the temperature and amplitude dependences of the internal friction of indium have been analyzed. It has been demonstrated that the thermocycling leads to microplastic deformation of indium due to the anisotropy of thermal expansion and the appearance of a “recrystallization” maximum in the spectrum of the amplitude-dependent internal friction. The conclusion has been drawn that the bulk diffusion of vacancies and impurities begins at temperatures of approximately 90 K and that, at lower temperatures, the diffusion occurs in the vicinity of dislocations. It has been revealed that the high-temperature internal friction background becomes noticeable after the dissolution of Cottrell atmospheres.     

Low-frequency internal friction of polycrystalline ZrO2-4 mol % Y2O3 in the temperature range 273–373 K

The specific features in the low-frequency internal friction, structure, and phase composition of polycrystalline ZrO₂-4 mol % Y₂O₃ are investigated in the temperature range 273–373 K. It is demonstrated that the low-frequency internal friction exhibits two peaks upon heating and cooling. The former peak is observed at a temperature of approximately 293 K, and the latter peak is revealed at 313 K. It is assumed that the peak observed in the low-frequency internal friction at a temperature of 293 K is attributed to relaxation dissipation of energy during motion of twin boundaries in the monoclinic phase, whereas the peak at 313 K is associated with relaxation processes due to displacement of the boundaries of tetragonal T′ domains.     

铝一镁合金中的反常位错内耗峰

Al-0.03at％ Mg合金在倒扭摆上-65℃在原位进行拉伸,形变量为0.5％,然后在升温过程中测量内耗,于-30℃及60℃附近观测到内耗峰,随后从80℃的降温过程中仍在相同温度观测到内耗峰。研究了不同温度下的内耗-振幅曲线,在降温过程中出现内耗峰的温度范围内观测到了振幅内耗峰,并由此计算得到等效激活能分别为0.32及0.22eV。初步认为,当低温冷加产生的位错弯结在外力作用下作沿边往复运动时,“镁原子-空位”对和镁原子被拖曳运动是分别引起-30℃峰和60℃峰的可能的原因。 关键词：     

Effect of gamma irradiation on internal friction in lithium tetraborate

The effect of gamma irradiation on the mechanical properties of lithium tetraborate Li₂B₄O₇ in the single-crystal and vitreous states is investigated. It is found that, after irradiation of the Li₂B₄O₇ single crystal, the temperature range of the dissipative process initially occurring at 380–420 K becomes broader and the fine structure of the peak in the temperature dependence of the internal friction Q^?1(T) undergoes a substantial trans-formation. After irradiation of the vitreous Li₂B₄O₇ sample, the increase in the internal friction, which is characteristic of the onset of the α relaxation in this material, is not observed in the dependence Q^?1(T) up to a temperature of 570 K. It is shown that the mechanical properties of the irradiated samples are almost completely recovered after annealing at 570 K for 1 h.     

单相钇钡铜氧高温超导体的超导转变与内耗原位研究

在80至300K温度范围内对YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ高温超导体的电阻、内耗和弹性模量随温度的变化进行了原位测量。在T_c附近观察到两个明显的内耗峰。从峰的特征推断,这两个内耗峰可能与电子在Cu³⁺与Cu²⁺之间的弛豫过程有关。而在160K到280K温度范围内所观察到的内耗峰及杨氏模量反常效应,可能与试样中氧空位的调整有关。 关键词：     

Investigations of neutron irradiated iron by positron annihilation and correlated internal friction measurements

Positron annihilation experiments have been performed on iron after low temperature neutron irradiation and during isochronal annealing. A good correlation exists between internal friction and positron annihilation data for iron with interstitial impurities, proving that these impurities react with vacancies during annealing (complex-formation).     

New phase transition peak in NiTi alloy

A new internal friction (IF) peak, accompanied by changes in frequency, electrical resistance and by macroscopical shape change, was observed below the martensitic transformation temperature M_s in quenched near equi-atomic NiTi alloys after an annealing treatment between 673 and 923 K. In differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements a peak was found in the corresponding temperature range.     

Effect of deformation and heat treatment on the damping constant and shear modulus of a bulk Zr-Cu-Ni-Al-Ti metallic glass

The effect of deformation by rolling or quenching from temperatures close to the glass transition temperature on the damping constant and the shear modulus of preliminarily annealed bulk samples of a Zr_52.5Ti₅Cu_17.9Ni_14.6Al₁₀ metallic glass was studied. These treatments are found to result in recovery of the “irreversible” contributions to the damping constant and the shear modulus, and the deformation treatment is shown to lead to an increase in the amplitude-dependent internal friction.