超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大鼠血浆中托品酸浓度

建立测定大鼠血浆中托品酸浓度的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。以双氯芬酸钠作为内标,采用Phenomenex Luna C_(18)色谱柱,流动相为0.1%甲酸水-乙腈溶液,运行时间为4.5 min,梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,进样量为5μL,柱温40℃。样品经大气压力化学离子源负离子化后,通过三重四极杆串联质谱仪,在多反应监测模式下测定托品酸(m/z 164.93→102.93)和内标双氯芬酸钠(m/z 293.97→214.01)的浓度。血浆样品前处理采用甲醇沉淀蛋白。结果表明,托品酸的血浆浓度在40～25000 ng/mL内线性良好,定量下限为40 ng/mL,批内、批间精密度(RSDs)均在1.2%～6.7%以内,准确度(RE)在96.4%～113.8%以内。血浆样品室温放置6 h,样本处理后室温放置8 h,反复冻融3次及冰冻(-20℃)保存7 d的情况下均稳定。本方法适用于大鼠血浆中托品酸浓度的测定,也可为临床浓度监测提供依据。     

荒漠植物中总脱氧核糖核酸分子的提取方法

建立了荒漠植物总脱氧核糖核酸分子（DNA）的提取方法.荒漠植物叶片加少量交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVPP粉末）研磨三次以上，得到样品超细粉末.样品粉末迅速加入前处理缓冲液，混匀后低速离心，弃上清留下沉淀物，在沉淀物中加入等体积预热的提取裂解液，混匀后60~70℃温浴1 h.高速离心提取上清液加入纯化液混匀、抽提、离心.再次提取混合液上清，加入预冷的异丙醇，-18℃沉淀DNA 0.5 h以上，异丙醇溶液高速离心，取沉淀用75%乙醇清洗两遍，晾干，加入超纯水溶解.方法具有操作简单和耗时少等优点，操作过程大约2~3 h.DNA损失少，产量高于500 ng/μL.方法提取主要荒漠植物叶片DNA纯度高、完整性好，具有广泛适用性.     

(Ce0.8RE0.2)1-xMxO2-δ固体电解质的溶胶-凝胶合成及其电性质

利用溶胶 凝胶法合成了 (Ce0 .8RE0 .2 ) 1-xMxO2 -δ(RE :稀土 ,M :碱土 )系列固体电解质 ,XRD表明 80 0℃即形成萤石结构 ,较高温固相反应合成温度低约 70 0℃ .测定了样品的电导率和阻抗谱 .XPS测试表明 ,掺杂碱土氧化物后吸附氧浓度明显增大 ,氧空位增多 ,电导率和氧离子迁移数增大 ,改善了CeO2 基固体电解质的性能 .讨论了碱土及稀土离子对电性质的影响 .(Ce0 .8Sm0 .2 ) 1-0 .0 5 Ca0 .0 5 O2 -δ80 0℃时电导率0 1 2 6S·cm-1,氧离子迁移数 0 .99.     

微酸量消化-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定大鼠组织中的钴

建立了微酸量消化 测定少量生物组织样品中钴含量的石墨炉原子吸收法 ,并测定了饮用水中不同浓度钴对大鼠各组织器官中钴含量的分布影响。组织样品于 110℃烘干 1h ,全血样品 6 0℃烘箱过夜干燥 ,在80℃水浴下HNO3 H2 O2 顺序消解 1h。消化后的组织样液 ,与加入 10 0 μL 1%Pd(NO3 ) 2 溶液的全血消化液 ,均用超纯水稀释到 10 0 0 μL。D2 灯校正背景 ,样品基体匹配标准曲线法测定。本法相对标准偏差 <5 % ;回收率为 88.6 %～ 98.1% ;方法检出限 (3σ) :全血 0 .0 3μg/L ,组织 0 .0 3ng/ g。测定结果表明 :各器官对低浓度范围的无机钴吸收缓慢 ,有一定的缓冲作用。但饮用水钴浓度达到mg/L级时 ,各器官钴含量会急剧升高。影响最小的是脑组织 ,最大的是肝组织。     

气相色谱法测定工业废气中的甲基叔丁基醚

采用气相色谱法测定工业废气中的甲基叔丁基醚的含量。以活性炭作为采样介质,二硫化碳作为解吸溶剂。用FFAP石英毛细管柱(50m×0.32mm,0.5μm)分离,火焰离子化检测器检测。甲基叔丁基醚的质量浓度在1.48~185mg·L~(-1)范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(4S/N)为0.3 mg·L~(-1)。对3种不同浓度水平平行测定6次,测定值的相对标准偏差在2.6%~5.7%之间。在6℃条件下,样品可保存8d。     

用响应曲面法研究RE(NO_3)_3-HNO_3-P507-煤油体系的萃取行为

应用响应曲面法研究了RE(NO_3)_3—HNO_3—P507-煤油体系的萃取行为。在较宽的初始稀土浓度、初始酸度下,利用逐步回归方法模拟萃取体系,得到14个单一稀土的萃取模型。并且以Er~(3+)为例,采用三维显示技术描绘了萃取体系的响应曲面,直观地展现了分配比与初始酸应和初始稀土浓度的关系。     

不同采收期苗药土党参中党参炔苷、总多糖和总黄酮含量的测定以及土党参最佳采收期的确定北大核心CSCD

分别采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和紫外-可见分光光度法(UV-Vis)测定不同采收期(1~12月)土党参中党参炔苷、总多糖、总黄酮含量,并用总评归一化法确定其最佳采收期。在土党参样品中加入甲醇,超声提取40 min,过0.45μm滤膜,用HPLC测定滤液中的党参炔苷含量。在土党参样品中加入80%(体积分数)乙醇溶液,回流2次,每次1 h,过滤后,滤渣以水为介质在微波炉中消解2次,每次5 min,稀释后加入50 g·L^(-1)苯酚溶液和硫酸,于100℃水浴加热10 min,冰水浴中冷却20 min,用UV-Vis在490 nm下测定总多糖含量,用葡萄糖作为对照品绘制标准曲线。在土党参样品中加入60%(体积分数,下同)乙醇溶液,回流2次,每次1 h,过滤、浓缩并稀释,加入50 g·L^(-1)亚硝酸钠溶液、100 g·L^(-1)硝酸铝溶液和40 g·L^(-1)氢氧化钠溶液,用60%乙醇溶液稀释至10 mL,用UV-Vis在509 nm下测定总黄酮含量,用芦丁作为对照品绘制标准曲线。以Hassan法计算党参炔苷、总多糖和总黄酮的归一值,以总归一(OD)值确定最佳采收期。结果显示:党参炔苷、总多糖和总黄酮的质量浓度均在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积(党参炔苷)和吸光度(总多糖和总黄酮)呈线性关系,党参炔苷的检出限(3S/N)、总多糖的检出限(3.143s)、总黄酮的检出限(3.143s)分别为0.131,0.046,0.071 mg·L^(-1)。方法用于实际样品的分析,峰面积(党参炔苷)和吸光度(总多糖和总黄酮)的相对标准偏差(n=6)均不大于3.0%,平均加标回收率分别为98.8%,99.1%,98.5%;10月份的OD值较高,可将其确定为土党参最佳采收期,此时党参炔苷、总多糖和总黄酮的质量分数分别为3.08,185.15,5.85 mg·g^(-1)。     

在非固定实验场所用固相萃取膜富集地下水中半挥发有机污染物及其稳定保存时间和运输条件的研究

选择以硅胶为吸附剂的C18膜片为载体,在流量为100mL·min~(-1)的条件下使1L水样流经膜片富集地下水中半挥发有机物(包括有机氯、多环芳烃、多氯联苯及酞酸酯等19种化合物),将膜片移入10mL棕色小瓶中,加盖密封,在低于6℃条件下保存并运输。在所述条件下30d内富集于膜片上的有机物有较好的稳定性。膜片上的富集物可用正己烷2.0mL,在25℃左右超声洗脱10min。从洗脱液中分取0.50mL试液,按所设定工作条件用气相色谱-质谱法测定各富集物的含量。应用此方法对不同地域的多组地下水样品进行分析,并取其中3个样品作为基体在3个浓度水平上进行回收试验,测得回收率在75%～112%之间。对7个加标浓度为0.020μg·L~(-1)的水样按方法进行富集、洗脱和测定,测定值的相对标准偏差在4.9%～13%之间。此方法延长了在野外采得的样品的稳定保存时间,对在野外科研团队的持续工作带来方便。     

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定地下水中36种多环芳烃及其衍生物

按DD 2008-01规定采集浅层地下水样品并于4℃保温箱中保存。取水样1.000 0L置于分液漏斗中,依次加入氯化钠20.0g,1.0mg·L~(-1)替代物混合标准溶液100μL和正己烷-二氯甲烷(1+1)混合萃取液60mL,萃取10min,分层后,取有机相并保留,再用正己烷萃取2次,每次用30mL。合并3次萃取液,旋转蒸发至体积约为2～3mL,随即改用吹氮蒸发至约剩0.8mL,加入2.0mg·L~(-1)内标混合标准溶液100μL,用正己烷定容至1.0mL。用Rxi-5Sil MS毛细管色谱柱选择初始温度为65℃,按程序升温条件进行气相色谱分离;质谱分析采用电子轰击离子源,全扫描模式定性和选择离子模式定量。结果表明:36种多环芳烃及其衍生物的质量浓度在一定范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在1.3～8.8ng·L~(-1)之间。以空白水样为基体进行加标回收试验,回收率在71.1%～120%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在1.2%～9.7%之间。     

高浓度高Al13含量聚合氯化铝溶液的制备

通过快速加碱在82 ℃下合成0.2 mol·L^-1、Al_b为60%～70%的低浓度高Al_b聚合氯化铝(L-PAC)，在热侧温度为50～95 ℃，冷侧温度约9～12 ℃的条件下进行膜蒸馏浓缩，制备出总铝浓度在2 mol·L^-1以上，Al_b含量大于90%，Al₁₃含量约为70%的高浓度高Al_b含量的聚合氯化铝溶液。对膜蒸馏浓缩过程中热侧温度、PAC的碱化度和初始pH值等因素对最终聚合氯化铝溶液产品中聚铝形态分布、总铝浓度的影响进行了初步研究，发现在热侧温度低于70 ℃、碱化度为2.47、初始pH值为5.0 ± 0.2的条件下，可以得到高浓度、高Al_b含量的聚合氯化铝溶液，纳米Al₁₃形态在较高的浓度下可以存在；低温贮存条件下，高浓度PAC中Al_b相当稳定。     

维生素C磷酸酯镁的稳定性及其清除超氧离子自由基的动力学

维生素C磷酸酯镁(magnesium ascorbyl phosphate,MAP)是维生素C(VC)的替代品,由于其特有的性质而广泛应用在食品添加剂中.对比测定了MAP和VC清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的能力,研究了VC和MAP在不同温度和不同保存时间后清除O2-·自由基的能力和稳定性;并拟合了不同温度下储存不同时间后MAP的抗氧化能力.结果表明,MAP在20℃下保存20d对O2-·的清除能力仅减弱20%左右,半衰期为53d;但VC在20℃下保存10d后清除O2-·的能力几乎完全消失.与此同时,不同温度下储存不同时间后MAP清除超氧阴离子自由基的反应为一级反应,采用拟合方程计算的抗氧化能力理论值和实验值基本相符.     

纳升液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱研究冻存条件对唾液多肽组的影响

唾液多肽组学为疾病相关的生物标记物研究提供了新方法,但冻存条件对分析结果的影响并不清楚。本研究采用氧化石墨烯-磷酸镧纳米复合材料分离富集唾液多肽,利用纳升液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱技术,考察唾液样品分别置于-80℃与-20℃冻存6个月后对唾液多肽组的影响。结果表明,在-80℃冻存条件下的唾液样品中,共鉴定出归属于33种蛋白的429条肽段;在-20℃冻存条件下的唾液样品中,鉴定出595条肽段,对应31种蛋白。实验结果表明,相比于-80℃,唾液置于-20℃条件下的新增加肽段主要来源于已有肽段的降解,并且唾液中的蛋白质也发生了一定降解。本研究在肽段序列水平上考察了冻存条件对多肽的影响,结果表明,-20℃冻存条件不适合长期保存用于多肽组分析的唾液样品。本研究结果可为相关医学研究提供借鉴。     

Liquid chromatography and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry fingerprinting of human urine: sample stability under different handling and storage conditions for metabonomics studies

Typically following collection biological samples are kept in a freezer for periods ranging from a few days to several months before analysis. Experience has shown that in LC-MS-based metabonomics research the best analytical practice is to store samples as these are collected, complete the sample set and analyse it in a single run. However, this approach is prudent only if the samples stored in the refrigerator or in the freezer are stable. Another important issue is the stability of the samples following the freeze-thaw process. To investigate these matters urine samples were collected from 6 male volunteers and analysed by LC-MS and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS [in both positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI)] on the day of collection or at intervals of up to 6 months storage at -20 degrees C and -80 degrees C. Other sets of these samples underwent a series of up to nine freeze-thaw cycles. The stability of samples kept at 4 degrees C in an autosampler for up to 6 days was also assessed, with clear differences appearing after 48h. Data was analysed using multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis). The results show that sample storage at both -20 and -80 degrees C appeared to ensure sample stability. Similarly up to nine freeze thaw cycles were without any apparent effect on the profile.     

Stability studies of testosterone and epitestosterone glucuronides in urine

The stability of testosterone glucuronide (TG), epitestosterone glucuronide (EG) and the T/E ratio in urine has been studied. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Urine samples were submitted to a solid-liquid cleanup followed by extraction of unconjugated testosterone (T) and epitestosterone (E) with tert-butyl methyl ether (free fraction). The remaining aqueous phase was hydrolyzed with beta-glucuronidase and extracted at alkaline pH with n-pentane. Analytes were analyzed by GC/MS as their enol-trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. The urine for stability testing was obtained from an excretion study after the administration of T to healthy volunteers. The homogeneity of the sample was verified before starting the stability study. The stability of TG and EG was evaluated at different storage conditions. For long-term stability testing, analyte concentration in urine stored at 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C was determined at different time intervals for 22 months. For short-term stability testing, analyte concentration was evaluated in urine stored at 37 degrees C for 3 and 7 days. The effect of repeated freezing (at -20 degrees C) and thawing (at room temperature) was studied for up to three cycles. Data obtained in this work demonstrated the stability of TG, EG and the T/E ratio in sterilized urine samples stored at 4 and -20 degrees C for 22 months and after going through repeated freeze/thaw cycles. Decreases in concentration were observed after 7 days of storage at 37 degrees C due to the partial cleavage of the glucuronide conjugates; however, the T/E ratio was not affected. These results show the feasibility of preparing reference materials containing TG and EG to be used for quality control purposes.     

Membrane permeation-controlled transdermal delivery system design. Influence of controlling membrane and adhesive on skin permeation of isosorbide dinitrate

A membrane permeation-controlled transdermal delivery system (MC-TDS) of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), a model drug, was prepared from polyvinyl alcohol aqueous gel containing the drug, a membrane consisting of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer membrane and acrylic adhesive (EV-a). The permeability of ISDN through the EV-a membrane was 2.5 times higher than that through excised hairless rat skin. The ratio of plasma concentration of ISDN after application of MC-TDS on stripped (damaged) skin relative to intact skin was lower than that after application of Frandol tape-S, a marketed ISDN TDS, which suggests that the EV-a membrane might work as a control membrane for overall delivery rate of ISDN to the body. When MC-TDS stored at 30 degrees C for 13.5-48h was applied to the damaged skin, however, the initial plasma concentration of ISDN was very much higher than the expected therapeutic level and was not controlled by the EV-a membrane. The initial high plasma concentration of ISDN after application of the stored MC-TDS on the damaged skin was due to migration of ISDN from the reservoir to the adhesive during storage at 30 degrees C. The migration of drugs into the adhesive might be an important problem in developing efficient MC-TDS.     

HPLC-DAD法同时测定纺织品中3种天然抗菌整理剂的含量

采用二极管阵列检测器-超高效液相色谱法同时测定纺织品中芦荟苷、芦荟大黄素和大黄酚3种天然抗菌整理剂的含量.样品采用甲醇超声波浴于60℃提取30 min.色谱柱为Agilent C18柱;流动相为甲醇-0.1％磷酸水溶液(体积比为80:20),流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长为358 nm和256 nm.在检测范围内标准曲线线性良好(r2≥0.999),3个加标水平的平均回收率为94.2％～98.5％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.77％～2.63％(n=6).该方法准确、可靠,可作为纺织品质量控制的参考方法.     

Neurotransmitter sampling and storage for capillary electrophoresis analysis

Quantitative analysis of signaling molecules from single cells and cellular materials requires careful validation of the analytical methods. Strategies have been investigated that enable single neurons and neuronal tissues to be stored before being assayed for many low-weight, biologically active molecules, such as serotonin, dopamine, and citrulline. Both metacerebral cell and pedal ganglia homogenates isolated from Pleiuohbrain-Chae californica have been studied by capillary electrophoresis with two complimentary laser-induced fluorescence detection methods. For homogenized ganglia samples, several cellular analytes (such as arginine and citrulline) are unaffected by standing at room temperature for days. Many other analytes in the biological matrix, including the catecholamines and indolamines, degrade by 20% within 10 h at room temperature. Rapidly freezing samples or preserving them with ascorbic acid preserves more than 80% of the dopamine and about 70% of the serotonin even after five days. In addition, serotonin and dopamine remain completely stable for at least five days by combining the ascorbic acid preservation and freezing at -20 degrees C. The timing of preservation is critical in maintaining the original composition of the biological samples. Using our optimum storage protocol of freezing the sample within 2 h after isolation, we can store frozen homogenate ganglia samples for more than four weeks before assay while still obtaining losses less than 10% of the original serotonin and dopamine. The nanoliter-volume single cell samples, however, must be analyzed within 4 h to obtain losses of less than 10% for serotonin related metabolites.     

Saponin Stabilization via Progressive Freeze Concentration and Sterilization Treatment

Saponin is a biopesticide used to suppress the growth of the golden apple snail population. This study aims to determine the stabilized conditions for saponin storage. The maceration process was used for saponin extraction, and for saponin concentration, progressive freeze concentration (PFC) was used. Afterwards, stability analysis was performed by storing the sample for 21 days in two conditions: Room temperature (26 °C) and cold room (10 °C). The samples kept in a cold room were sterilized samples that undergo thermal treatment by placing the sample in the water bath. The non-sterilized samples were kept in room temperature condition for 21 days. The results showed that saponin stored in the cold room (sterilized sample) has low degradation with higher concentration than those stored at room temperature in stability analysis with the highest saponin concentration (0.730 mg/mL) at a concentration temperature of −6 °C and concentration time of 15 min. The lowest saponin concentration obtained by saponin stored at room temperature (non-sterilized sample) is 0.025 mg/mL at a concentration temperature of −6 °C and concentration time of 10 min. Thus, the finding concluded that saponin is sensitive to temperature. Hence, the best storage condition to store saponin after thermal treatment is to keep it in a cold room at 10 °C.     

Study of cryostructuring of polymer systems: 28. Physicochemical properties and morphology of poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogels formed by multiple freezing-thawing

Macroporous viscoelastic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cryogels are prepared from aqueous concentrated (80–120 g/l) PVA solutions subjected to 1–5 cycles of cryogenic treatment (freezing at ?20°C for 19 h and subsequent thawing at a rate of 0.3°C/min). Shear moduli and fusion temperatures of corresponding samples are determined and the structure of thin sections is studied by optical microscopy with subsequent processing and analysis of images obtained. The previously described effect of a substantial increase in the rigidity and thermal stability of PVA cryogels resulted from the repeated freezing-thawing cycles is confirmed. The largest (jumpwise) changes in the physicochemical characteristics of such gels and their macroporous morphology take place after the second cycle of cryogenic treatment. Moreover, depending on the PVA concentration in the initial solution, the mean cross section of micropores increases by a factor of 2–3 and the total porosity of cryogel rises by a factor of 1.5–2; i.e., the imperfection of material increases. Nevertheless, this negative (from view-point of the integral properties of cryogel) effect is completely overpowered by processes of additional structuring, which result in the strengthening of polymer phase proceeding during the repeated freezing-thawing cycles.     

高效液相色谱内标法检测鸡血浆中甲砜霉素的浓度

以氟甲砜霉素作内标,乙腈作为提取溶剂,采用高效液相色谱内标法检测鸡血浆中甲砜霉素的浓度。色谱柱为Shim-pack CLC-ODS(150 mm×6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(体积比25∶75),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为225 nm,柱温为40℃。在此色谱条件下,在0.25~32.00 mg/L浓度范围内,甲砜霉素浓度与甲砜霉素和氟甲砜霉素峰面积比呈线性关系,相关系数r为0.9999,最低检测浓度为0.1 mg/L;在高、中、低3个浓度水平下日内、日间精密度均大于6.1%(n=5),提取回收率大于98.68%,方法回收率为99.20%~100.25%。建立的方法符合生物样品的分析要求,可用于临床药代动力学研究。