首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 127 毫秒
1.
为了有效控制动力学振荡行为以提高反应的转化率,利用Monte Carlo方法研究了甲烷催化部分氧化过程中的强制振荡行为,探讨了原料气周期性变化对振荡动力学和转化率的影响.研究表明原料气周期性变化不仅可以有效调控振荡的动力学行为,产生如短周期振荡和双峰振荡等特殊动力学过程,而且还可以提高反应的转化率.当强制过程的周期从T/3增大到2T(T为自发振荡过程的平均周期),振荡过程从短周期振荡变化为双峰振荡.对反应过程中CO的转化率进行了计算,结果表明原料气周期性变化可以有效提高反应的转化率.振荡动力学的改变和转化率的提高主要是因为强制振荡过程使得催化剂表面发生了从氧化态向还原态的转变.  相似文献   

2.
为了有效控制动力学振荡行为以提高反应的转化率, 利用Monte Carlo 方法研究了甲烷催化部分氧化过程中的强制振荡行为, 探讨了原料气周期性变化对振荡动力学和转化率的影响. 研究表明原料气周期性变化不仅可以有效调控振荡的动力学行为, 产生如短周期振荡和双峰振荡等特殊动力学过程, 而且还可以提高反应的转化率. 当强制过程的周期从T/3 增大到2T(T为自发振荡过程的平均周期), 振荡过程从短周期振荡变化为双峰振荡. 对反应过程中CO的转化率进行了计算, 结果表明原料气周期性变化可以有效提高反应的转化率.振荡动力学的改变和转化率的提高主要是因为强制振荡过程使得催化剂表面发生了从氧化态向还原态的转变.  相似文献   

3.
通过对Cu(111)与Cu(110)晶面上水煤气变换反应中基元步骤动力学参数的计算及表面氧化还原机理的Monte Carlo模拟,发现该反应为结构敏感反应,其表观活化能强烈地依赖于催化剂的表面结构,从而在一定程度上从分子水平阐明了催化剂表面结构对反应活性的影响.  相似文献   

4.
化学振荡研究领域的数学方法与程序软件   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文总结了已应用于化学振荡研究领域的数学方法和程序软件.其中在数学方法部分主要介绍了两种常用于求解化学振荡反应数学模型的吉尔(Gear)法和龙格-库塔(Runge-Kutta)法及其优缺点,并简要描述了3种研究化学振荡反应机理模型的数学分析方法--稳定性分析、灵敏度分析和主成分分析.同时结合作者的实践,给出了用两种功能强大的符号型数学运算软件--Mathematica和Maple来求解振荡反应数学模型的方法.文章还简要介绍了用来模拟化学振荡机理的遗传算法和蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)算法以及MECHEM和Chemical Kinetic Simulator(CKS)软件.  相似文献   

5.
基于甲醇电化学氧化的双途径机理,建立了能够表征甲醇电化学氧化过程电位振荡的非线性动力学模型.所建甲醇氧化系统动力学演化模型涉及三个主要的变量:电极电位(e),毒性中间体CO的表面覆盖度(x),含氧物种H2Oa的表面覆盖度(y).通过反应速率常数ki=exp(ai(e-ei))实现了化学反应与电极电位的耦合.研究发现,在不同的电流密度范围内甲醇电化学氧化呈现不同的动力学特征.甲醇电化学氧化时出现的电位振荡现象可以归因为:一是氧化过程中生成了毒性中间体CO,这是产生电化学振荡的诱因;二是强烈依赖于电极电位的非电化学反应,即,含氧物种H2Oa在Pt表面的生成与消失,则是维系振荡的直接原因.而甲醇电化学氧化体系复杂的动力学行为根源在于电极电位e对CO和含氧物种H2Oa所参与反应的耦合反馈作用.对所建模型的数值分析成功地解释了为什么甲醇电化学氧化时出现的电位振荡现象只发生在一定的电流密度范围.  相似文献   

6.
采用Lebwohl-Lasher模型作为向列型液晶的分子模型,针对向列型液晶液滴的指向矢构型及其转变,在立方格点中进行了Monte Carlo模拟.在不同温度和界面相互作用强度下模拟所得的指向矢构型及其转变与实验中已发现的结果相符.除此之外,还得到了在外场存在下液晶液滴和椭球状液晶液滴的指向矢构型.结果对于理解PDLC材料的显示机制有重要的意义.也表明,基于Lebwohl-Lasher模型的Monte Carlo模拟能很好地描述受限条件下液晶体系的物理行为.  相似文献   

7.
基于光散射、Monte Carlo模拟标度理论和分形(Fractal)概念研究和分析了高分子混合体系不稳相分离过程结构函数的标度行为和成因, 结果表明相分离的形态是一种分形结构, 其分形维数不随时间变化. 结构函数的标度行为起源于相态的分形结构. 相态的分形结构是不稳相分离特征之一.  相似文献   

8.
用动态Monte Carlo方法和键长涨落模型相结合分别对自由基聚合、离子聚合动力学过程进行了计算机模拟, 在三维空间中统计了转化率、聚合度、分子量的数量和重量分布, 并将模拟结果和理论预测进行了对比分析, 同时得到不同浓度下均方回转半径与平均链长的标度关系, 说明三维空间中标度指数与浓度的相关性. 还初步考察了扩散对反应体系分子量的影响. 说明动态Monte Carlo方法用于研究连锁聚合反应动力学过程是有效的, 而且能够同时得到经典的聚合反应Monte Carlo模拟方法所难以得到的链构象、分子扩散等空间相关的信息.  相似文献   

9.
分别以概率统计方法和Monte Carlo模拟获得了单官能团单体C存在下A_2-B_2型线型缩聚产物的分子量分布。Monte Carlo方法与统计计算得出一致的结果,表明建立的Monte Carlo模型是合理的。研究了单官能团单体C的反应活性对缩聚产物分子量分布的影响,对反应体系中存在的各种不同的分子类型的消长情况分别进行了动态模拟。  相似文献   

10.
过去的几十年里,人们对噪声的积极作用进行了广泛研究,其中,化学反应体系中噪声的作用引起人们的很大兴趣.人们研究了单晶表面和纳米粒子表面催化体系中内、外噪声对反应振荡的影响,发现了随机共振和相干共振现象.然而,在以往的研究中,人们总是用高斯噪声代替实际噪声.但实验研究表明,神经元和自催化反应等生物化学反应体系中可能存在非高斯噪声.本文研究非高斯噪声对纳米尺度钯粒子表面一氧化碳催化氧化反应速率振荡的影响.我们首先给出了不存在外噪声时体系振荡随粒子尺度的变化情况,得到了内噪声相干共振行为.其次,我们重点研究了在非高斯噪声作用下体系反应速率的振荡.发现,随着非高斯噪声与高斯噪声的偏离q的增大,振荡规律性经历了由差变好到再变差的演化,而且在某个最佳的q值,振荡变得最有规律性.我们分别给出了振荡时间序列、功率谱和信噪比随q值的变化,充分反映了上述振荡的演化情况.这个结果表明,适当的外噪声能够增强纳米尺度钯粒子表面一氧化碳氧化反应随机速率振荡,而且存在某个最佳的外噪声,使速率振荡得到最大程度的增强.同时表明,非高斯噪声可能比高斯噪声起到更大的增强作用.最后,我们对非高斯噪声增强一氧化碳反应速率振荡这一现象的物理机制作了简单...  相似文献   

11.
A simplified Monte Carlo model was proposed to simulate the oscillatory behavior during catalytic partial oxidation of methane. Using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, the oscillatory behavior was observed in both reaction rates and coverages of adsorbed species. The influence of oxidation and reduction of the catalyst surface on the oscillations was investigated, and the analysis showed that the fast oxidation and slow reduction of the catalyst surface resulted in the oscillatory behavior.  相似文献   

12.
Monte Carlo method was applied to simulate the oscillatory behavior during partial oxidation of methane under non-isothermal condition. The simulation was performed to examine the influences of heat transfer constant and particle size on the kinetic oscillation. The oscillatory period and amplitude were observed to increase with the increase of heat transfer constant. The increase of catalyst particle size was found to result in short oscillatory period and more or less regular oscillations combined with the formation of oxide down to L=100.  相似文献   

13.
The transient surface behavior on oxidation and reduction of a partially oxidized alumina-supported platinum catalyst containing residual water have been observed by AC electrical conductance (G) measurements.  相似文献   

14.
Control of the chaotic behavior of a chemical system can be achieved perturbing periodically some control parameters of the system. This procedure based on external forcing, which is based on the phenomenon of resonance, can change a chaotic behavior into a periodical one by means of the application of a sinusoidal perturbation. In this paper, the influence of a periodical modulation added to the parameter controlling the oxygen adsorption rate in a cellular automaton (CA) model studying CO oxidation is analyzed. This CA model considers the oxidation reaction of CO on a catalytic surface, taking into account the catalyst temperature variation in order to analyze the reaction time oscillatory behavior. Simulations of the CA model exhibit chaotic and quasiperiodical behaviors, and it can be shown that the periodical forcing strategy can suppress the chaotic dynamics by means of the stabilization of periodical solutions.  相似文献   

15.
Jaeger  N. I.  Peskov  N. V.  Slinko  M. M. 《Kinetics and Catalysis》2003,44(2):183-197
The particle size effect on the oscillatory behavior during CO oxidation over zeolite-supported Pd catalysts is simulated with the help of a deterministic point model and a stochastic mesoscopic model. The point model is developed on the basis of the well-known Sales–Turner–Maple model, which is modified to consider the slow processes of oxidation and reduction of the Pd bulk as well as the effects of the bulk oxidation on the catalyst activity. It is demonstrated that the point model developed can simulate many experimental trends, e.g., the dependence of the catalytic activity and the waveform of the oscillations on the particle size and the pretreatment of the catalyst, as well as the counterclockwise hysteresis, depending on the reaction rate during the cyclic variation of the CO inlet concentration. The higher activity of the smaller particles can be explained by the attainment of a more reduced state of Pd in smaller particles in the course of the reaction. The stochastic model simulates the reaction by a Markovian chain of elementary stages of the reaction. The model variables are the numbers of reagent atoms. Transition probabilities of the stochastic model are chosen in accordance with the rates of the developed point model. It is shown that intrinsic fluctuations and correlations of stochastic variables can significantly change the reaction dynamics on nm-sized particles by extending the oscillatory region in the parameter space.  相似文献   

16.
The effects of preparation process and starting material on hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity of alumina supported ruthenium, molybdenum and ruthenium–molybdenum hydrotreating catalysts were investigated. Conventional impregnation method and gradual gas phase adsorption were compared as a preparation route. The HDS tests showed that controlled gas phase deposition is advantageous in the preparation of the monometallic catalyst systems. The most promising HDS activity was achieved with the RuMo/Al2O3 catalyst prepared from binuclear organometallic complex. This suggests that the direct ruthenium–molybdenum bond in the structure of the catalyst precursor favors the formation of highly active surface phase. The oxidation and reduction behavior of the catalysts was studied by oxygen pulse chemisorption (PCO) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). A clear relationship was observed between the method of preparation and the reactivity of the surface species.  相似文献   

17.
V2O5/ACF催化剂低温下选择性催化还原NO的机理   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
将V2O5担载在活性炭纤维(ACF)上制得V2O5/ACF催化剂,并采用暂态响应实验和NH3吸附氧化实验等考察了影响V2O5/ACF催化剂上选择性催化还原(SCR)反应的关键因素.结果表明,NH3在催化剂表面的吸附是必要的,而且该吸附是一个快速过程;气相O2的存在有利于形成催化剂中所需的活性氧化态物种.NH3吸附.脱附与原位质谱相结合的实验表明,V2O5/ACF催化剂具有吸附NH3和将NH3氧化为N2H2的能力,N2H2为NH3氧化的一种中间体.  相似文献   

18.
The conditions of the existence were determined and reasons were revealed for the appearance of periodic oscillations of the SO2concentration in the reaction products and warming temperature in the catalyst bed in the oxidation of H2S with oxygen at temperatures below the dew point of sulfur on the V–Al–Ti oxide catalyst. The formation of polysulfides during the reaction was experimentally found. It was proposed that the adsorption of sulfur and polysulfides on the catalyst surface is responsible for the observed oscillatory processes.  相似文献   

19.
Ce-Pt-Pd/不锈钢丝网催化剂的制备与催化性能   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用阳极氧化技术在不锈钢丝网上自生长了一层结构致密的阳极氧化膜,并以此为载体,制备出一种高活性、高稳定性的负载型Ce-Pt-Pd催化剂.考察了该系列催化剂对甲苯、丙酮和乙酸乙酯的氧化活性,并用扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱和程序升温氧化技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,不锈钢丝网载体表面自生长的氧化物膜十分有利于活性组分的负载,制得的催化剂具有较高的催化燃烧有机化合物的活性和稳定性.  相似文献   

20.
The effects of surface acidity-basicity and surface oxidation reduction property of Li-La-Mn/TiO2 (I) and Li-La-Mn-W/TiO2 (II) catalysts on oxidative coupling of methane were studied by CO2-temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD) and temperature programmed reduction temperature programmed oxidation (TPR-TPO). The results show that there exist strong basic sites on catalysts I and II, but the quantity of these sites on catalyst II is more than that on catalyst I. Besides, the strength of basics site on catalyst II is stronger than that on catalyst I. The surface of catalyst II is easier to reduce and re-oxidize than that of catalyst I. The surface of catalyst II is easier to reduce and re-oxidize than of catalyst I, and the extent of reduction and reoxidation of catalyst II is more intensive than catalyst I, which results in a lowing of the reaction temperature and enhances the activity and C2 hydrocarbon yield as well as gas hourly space velocity(GHSV). Catalyst II is excellent for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM).  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号