Cp2TiCl2/BuiMgBr/THF体系还原二芳基二硒醚

有机硒化合物具有生物活性[14],将硒基团引入到有机分子的一般方法是使亲核性的硒金属盐与亲电试剂反应 .二芳基二硒醚是制备有机硒化合物的重要中间体 .当它被还原时转化为硒负离子 ,被卤素等氧化时转化为亲电的硒试剂 .还原二硒醚通常使用ＮａＢＨ4[5 ],最近报道一些新的方法 ,如使用水合肼 /甲醇钠体系[6 ],Ｓｍ/ＨｇＣｌ2 体系[7].本文报道Ｃｐ2 ＴｉＣｌ2 /ＢｕｉＭｇＢｒ/ＴＨＦ体系还原二芳基二硒醚 .1　结果与讨论Ｃｐ2 ＴｉＣｌ2 与ＢｕｉＭｇＢｒ反应产生的钛氢化物是一种强的还原剂[8].在室温下 ,钛氢化物很容易与二硒醚反应生成…     

CO2在纳米SiO2/TiO2悬浮体系中的光催化还原

用水热法合成了氧化硅改性的具有高比表面积、高催化活性的锐钛型二氧化钛, 并在其悬浮体系中将CO₂光催化还原合成甲醇. 采用XRD, TEM, 物理吸附, UV-Vis吸收光谱和FTIR等表征手段对催化剂结构特征进行了研究. 结果表明: 添加氧化硅后, 氧化硅和二氧化钛之间形成Si—O—Ti键, 抑制了TiO₂晶粒生长, 提高了锐钛型TiO₂的比表面积, 且随着含硅量的增加, SiO₂/TiO₂的UV吸收逐步蓝移, 禁带宽度增加. 还原反应结果表明: SiO₂/TiO₂具有光催化还原活性, 且随着含硅量的增加先增加后减小, 当SiO₂质量分数为3.5%时, SiO₂/TiO₂复合催化剂反应活性最强, 5 h内甲醇产量可达到21.0 mg/L, 并有少量甲醛生成.     

二碘化钐诱导的芳族二硒醚Se—Se键还原断裂导致芳基硒负离子:β-硒代酯(腈)的制备

报导了芳族二硒醚在SmI_2作用下,Se—Se键还原断裂成硒负离子。再与α,β-不饱和酯(腈)发生Michael加成反应,得到β-硒代酯(腈)。     

铁粉促进断裂Se—Se键及其应用于合成α-芳硒基羰基化合物

在铁粉存在下,以商用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作溶剂,90℃、氮气保护下,二芳基二硒醚与α-溴代羰基化合物反应,得到一系列α-芳硒基羰基化合物.考察了温度、时间、溶剂及铁粉用量对反应的影响,其中,温度对反应的影响最为明显.α-溴代羰基化合物中羰基上取代基对反应有很大影响,取代基为苯基时,转化率较甲基或烷氧基时低.反应机理可能是铁插入Se—Se键中形成亲核性Se Fe Se,随后与亲电底物α-溴代羰基化合物发生亲核取代.本方法使用铁粉促进断裂Se—Se键具有原料安全无毒、廉价易得、实验操作简便等优点.     

气相中CrO2+活化甲烷C—H键的理论研究

用密度泛函UB3LYP/6-311＋＋G**方法计算研究了气相中CrO₂⁺ (²A₁/⁴A")活化甲烷C—H键的微观机理, 找到了四条反应通道. 对其中涉及的两态反应(TSR)进行了分析, 并对影响反应机理和反应速率的势能面交叉现象(potential energy surfaces crossing)进行了详细讨论, 进而运用Hammond假设和Yoshizawa等的内禀坐标单点垂直激发计算的方法找出了一系列势能面交叉点[crossing points (CPs)], 并作了相应的讨论. 进一步用碎片分子轨道理论[fragment molecular orbital (FMO)]对TS1中的轨道相互作用进行了分析, 解释了CrO₂⁺活化甲烷C—H键的机理.     

芳基硒代酰胺与α-卤代乙酸在醇中的硒转移反应——二烷氧羰基甲基二硒醚的简便合成

芳基硒代酰胺与氯乙酸在各种醇中无催化剂下以1∶1和1∶2的比例投入, 发生硒转移反应, 不同原料投入比下的反应生成了同一种C—Se—Se—C偶联产物——具有多功能团的二烷氧羰基甲基二硒醚, 提供了一种新的合成二烷氧羰基甲基二硒醚的简便方法, 且反应具有条件温和、产率高、原料易得和选择性好等优点. 为了研究该反应机理, 选择α-溴代乙酸甲酯或α-溴代乙酸乙酯在无催化剂、中性条件下, 乙醇溶液中与苯基硒代酰胺室温下反应, 投料比为1∶1和2∶1, 结果也都生成了同一类产物二甲氧羰基甲基二硒醚或二乙氧羰基甲基二硒醚, 同时还分离得到了相应的副产物苯甲酸乙酯. 对该C—Se—Se—C偶联反应发生的可能机理作了推测.     

热扩散法制备MoO3/SiO2催化草酸二甲酯和苯酚酯交换反应

采用热扩散法（TS）和等体积浸渍法制备了MoO₃/SiO₂催化剂用于草酸二甲酯和苯酚酯交换反应.结果表明,热扩散法制备的10%MoO₃/SiO₂-TS催化剂较等体积浸渍法制备的10%MoO₃/SiO₂-C催化剂具有更好的催化性能.运用X射线衍射、Raman光谱、X射线光电子能谱分析、吡啶吸附红外光谱、NH₃程序升温脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征,发现虽然两种方法制备的催化剂都只有弱Lewis酸中心,钼均以氧化钼单体形式存在,未形成解离和聚合,但是10%MoO₃/SiO₂-TS催化剂较10%MoO₃/SiO₂-C催化剂表面钼含量更高且MoO₃分散得更好.在苯酚用量为0.2mol,10%MoO₃/SiO₂-TS催化剂用量为1.2g,反应温度为180℃,草酸二甲酯与苯酚的摩尔比为2,反应时间为4h的优化条件下,苯酚转化率可达70.9%,甲基苯基草酸酯和草酸二苯酯的收率分别达63.1%和7.7%.     

钛配合物Cp2TiL，Cp2Ti2Cl2(μ-O)和Cp4Ti4Cl4(μ-O)4的合成与晶体结构研究(Cp=η5-C5H5，L=2，6-吡啶二羧酸盐)

利用溶剂热的方法将Cp₂TiCl₂(Cp=η⁵-C₅H₅)与2，6-吡啶二羧酸钠(L)反应，不同的反应时间得到了2个具有不同晶体空间群的化合物Cp₂TiL(1a和1b)，而在常温或低温下，Cp₂TiCl₂或CpTiCl₃同羧酸盐或亚胺反应却得到了双核或四核氧桥联的钛化合物。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备MoO3/SiO2催化草酸二甲酯和苯酚酯交换反应

采用溶胶-凝胶法在碱性条件下制备了一系列MoO_3/SiO_2催化剂用于草酸二甲酯和苯酚酯交换反应,并利用XRD、IR、XPS、NH3-TPD等表征催化剂结构.结果表明:弱酸中心是草酸二甲酯和苯酚酯交换反应的活性中心.当MoO_3负载量为12%(重量百分比),p H为9.1时的MoO_3/SiO_2催化剂具有更高的催化性能,这可能与该催化剂表面Mo物种分散更好和更高的酸量有关.在1.20 g MoO_3/SiO_2催化剂,0.20 mol苯酚,n(草酸二甲酯)/n(苯酚)=2,180℃反应3 h的条件下,苯酚转化率达70.0%,甲基苯基草酸酯和草酸二苯酯选择性分别为88.4%和11.5%.     

Reduction of Diaryldiselenides by System of Cp2TiCl2/ BuiMgBr/ THF and Its Application in Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Diaryl Selenides

Inorganicseleniumchemistry,diaryldiseIenidesareimportantintermediateduetotheirstabiIityaganistairandwater.Whentheyarereduced,thenucleophilicseIenoatescanbeobtained.TherehavebeenseveralmethodsforthereductionofdiselenidessuchasviaNaBH".SmI==.thereductionsystemofSe,H=OandCO',hydrazine-sodiummethanoIate'andSm/HgCl='.Inthispaper,wereportthereductionsystemofCp=TiCl,/Bu'MgBr/THFanditsapplicationinsynthesisofunsymmetricaldiarylselenides.TitanocenehydridelCp,TiH]'wasderivedfromthereactionof…     

Electrocatalytic dehalogenation of α-bromoketones in the presence of Cp2TiCl2

Processes of direct and electrocatalytic (in the presence of electrochemically reduced Cp₂TiCl₂) reduction of three α-bromoketones containing the C(sp³)-Br or C(sp²)-Br bond, viz., 2-bromo-and 2,6-dibromo-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ones and α-bromo-acetophenone, were studied by cyclic voltammetry and preparative electrolysis. In all cases, the dissociative electron transfer proceeds via the concerted mechanism. Preparative electrolysis of these α-bromoketones in the presence of Cp₂TiCl₂ affords the reductive debromination products in 40–80% yield at low cathodic potentials (−0.85 V vs. Ag/AgCl/KCl). In the case of 2,6-dibromo-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one in the potentiostatic regime, only one bromine atom can be eliminated selectively. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 977–983, May, 2007.     

A New Path for the Reductive Cleavage of Te-Te Bond by the System of Cp2TiCl2/i-BuMgBr and ITS Utility in Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Tellurides

The cleavage reduction of ditellurides by Cp₂TiCl₂/i-BuMgBr lead to nucleophilic tellurides [Cp₂TiTeAr]. This species reacts with aliphatic bromides to give unsymmetrical tellurides in good yield.     

Titanium-catalyzed hydrosilylation of olefins: A comparison study on Cp2TiCl2/Sm and Cp2TiCl2/LiAlH4 catalyst system

Hydrosilylation of olefins catalyzed by Cp₂TiCl₂/Sm (Cp?=?cyclopentadienyl) under solvent free conditions have been investigated. By using Cp₂TiCl₂/Sm as catalyst system, β-adducts and hydrogenation products were detected. Hydrosilylation of olefins catalyzed by Cp₂TiCl₂/LiAlH₄ under room temperature has also been studied. The influence of TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) on Cp₂TiCl₂/Sm and Cp₂TiCl₂/LiAlH₄, respectively, indicated that hydrosilylation of olefins catalyzed with Cp₂TiCl₂/Sm went through a free radical reaction pathway while a coordination mechanism was applied for Cp₂TiCl₂/LiAlH₄ catalyst system.     

钐－二氯二茂钛体系促进的碳－硫键的还原断裂－二烷基二硫醚的合成

A mild and rapid method was found for the reductive cleavage of the carbon-sulfur bond in the alkylthiocyanates by samarium/Cp2TiC12 system to give the corresponding dialkyl disulfides in moderate to good yields.     

Cp2TiCl‐catalyzed living radical polymerization of styrene initiated from peroxides

The effects of the reaction conditions and nature of the initiator were investigated in the Cp₂Ti(III)Cl‐catalyzed living radical polymerization of styrene initiated by benzoyl peroxide (BPO), tert‐butyl peroxide (TBPO), tert‐butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPOB), dicumyl peroxide (CPO), and tert‐butylperoxy 2‐ethylhexyl carbonate (TBPOEHC). The reversible termination of the growing chains with Cp₂Ti(III)Cl affords a linear dependence of molecular weight on conversion over a wide range of temperatures (60–120 °C) with an optimum in polydispersity (M_w/M_n < 1.2) for St/BPO/Cp₂TiCl₂/Zn = 100/1/3/6 at 60–90 °C. The similarity of the kinetic parameters from polymerizations initiated by peroxides with vastly different half‐life times (t = 1 h, t = 543 h) and the minimum peroxide/Ti = 1/2 ratio required for a living process indicate that initiation occurs primarily by the redox reaction of the peroxide with Cp₂Ti(III)Cl rather than peroxide thermal decomposition. This is consistent with one Ti equivalent consumed in the redox initiation and the second one utilized in the reversible termination of the growing chains. Qualitatively, based on the livingness of the process, these initiators ranked as BPO > TBPOB ～ TBPO > CPO > TBPOEHC. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1106–1116, 2006     

Cp2TiCl2-catalyzed synthesis of tetraalkyl-substituted pyrazines by the reaction of nitriles with EtAlCl2 and Mg

Tetraalkyl-substituted pyrazines were obtained by the multicomponent reaction of aliphatic linear nitriles with EtAlCl₂ in the presence of Mg and Cp₂TiCl₂ catalyst in 60–91% yields. The same processing of isobutyronitrile gave 2,4,5-triisopropyl-1H-imidazole in 56% yield.     

Raman spectroscopic evidence for bent metallocene fragments [M(Cp)2]2+

Raman spectroscopy was used as a very simple and convenient tool for the detection of bent metallocene fragments [M(Cp)₂]²⁺ (Cp = η⁵‐cyclopentadienyl ring; M = early transition metal) both in solid state and in solution. The rules were formulated and tested on the group of titanium complexes containing one or two η⁵‐bonded cyclopentadienyl rings, as well as on a series of model α‐amino acid complexes of antitumour active titanocene and vanadocene dichlorides. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Single-step synthesis of TiC mesocrystals on the MWCNTs surface by the pyrolysis of Cp2TiCl2

Titanium carbide mesocrystals have been manufactured by the one-stage metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technology using the pyrolysis of titanocene dichloride, Cp₂TiCl₂ (Cp = η⁵-C₅H₅) on the surfaces of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The initial stages of the Cp₂TiCl₂ gas-phase dissociation were modeled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A series of syntheses were carried out with a step-by-step increase of the Cp₂TiCl₂ amount. These experiments allows to observe intermediate stages of self-assembly of TiC mesocrystals. Thus, it was possible to identify that the decomposition of Cp₂TiCl₂ at 900 °C leads to the formation of TiC crystals nanoparticles with their accompanying self-assembly. As a final stage of this process, perfect mesocrystals of a cubic habit with a size of approximately 50 μm were found. The usage of powdered MWCNTs as a substrate in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes provides heterogeneous conditions, which can be promising for the search for new forms of nanostructured materials.