吸光光度法测定工业废水中硫氰酸盐

钢厂工业废水中含有硫氰酸盐。硫氰酸盐(SCN^-)本身对水生生物没有多大毒性，但含硫氰酸盐的废水经氯化时，产生毒性很大的氯化氰(CNCl)。因此，监测钢厂工业废水中的硫氰酸盐很有必要。目前对此尚无相应的国家标准分析方法。本文采用活性炭吸附、过滤，除去废水中的有机物质和悬浮物，消除干扰，用吸光光度法测定了钢厂工业废水中SCN^-含量，取得了满意的结果。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物处理工业废水的研究进展

综述了近年来壳聚糖及其衍生物在处理工业废水中的应用.壳聚糖及其衍生物可处理工业废水中的重金属离子,如Cr（Ⅵ）、Cu（Ⅱ）和Zn（Ⅱ）等;可处理含染料的工业废水,如处理直接紫B、直接绿BE以及甲基橙等染料;还可用于处理印染、造纸和含油废水.壳聚糖及其衍生物具有易分离、可生物降解,无污染等特点,是绿色的水处理剂,且我国壳聚糖资源极为丰富,探索其在工业废水处理中的应用有着重要的价值.     

离子交换树脂CN-27在处理含Co~(2+)工业废水中的应用

本文分析了西北某企业钴生产车间工业废水的现状,对含重金属离子废水的处理工艺进行了比较,通过试验验证比较,选择离子交换树脂CN-27回收该企业工业废水中的Co~(2+),设计了小试试验、中试试验及工业化试验。在小试试验中,采用Co~(2+)浓度为0.2~0.5g/L的工业废水为实验样品,经CN-27处理后的废水中Co~(2+)浓度均达到了低于0.001g/L的水平,而返洗液中氯化钴浓度可达12~16g/L;在中试试验中,经过半年的运行,树脂吸附性能基本保持不变,处理后外排废水中的Co~(2+)浓度均0.001g/L;在工业化实验中,日均处理废水达400m3,年回收钴达40t,外排废水中的Co~(2+)浓度均0.001g/L,运行效果稳定,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

有机溶液进样大功率微波诱导空气等离子体发射光谱法测定金属离子的研究

研究了由Okamoto腔产生的大功率微波诱导空气等离子体的分析性能以及用该等离子体直接有机溶液进样测定有机溶剂或含有大量有机溶剂的废水中的金属污染物的可行性。用本方法测定了几种工业废水中的金属污染物,并与原子吸收光谱法的测定结果进行了比较。     

青岛成功开发水质重金属监测仪

含重金属离子的废水是对水污染最严重、对人类危害最大的工业废水之一。2010年12月9日记者了解到,青岛市正开发能自动监测水中重金属元素含量,并在线发送数据的仪器——水质重金属监测仪。这种机器可监测多种地表水和工业废水中含有的重金属离子。     

工业废水如何分类

工业废水是指工业生产过程中产生的废水和废液,其中含有随水流失的工业生产用料、中间产物以及生产过程中产生的污染物,其分类方法如下：     

分离和精制

963.由工业废水回收酚(液回收,冈村琢三,石桥正一,化学工业,1958,9.,No.4,328—333)——叙述了炼焦厂利用 C.Otto 式脱酸装置外理废水的情况,用自产的苯轻油为溶剂,抽提废水中的酚,再将含酚的溶剂用氢氧化钠溶液中和,得到酚盟而回收.说明了装置的构造与试验条件以及主要设备和脱酸流程.设备能力为300米~3/日.以每米~3废水计     

交流示波极谱法测定工业污水中的微量汞

本文提出了用交流示波极谱法测定工业废水中的微量汞。在pH=6的HAc-NaAc缓冲液中,有Br-存在时,Hg2 在金电极上有敏锐的切口,可用于指示终点。方法简便、快速、准确,终点清晰、直观,切口敏锐,不受颜色和沉淀的影响,用于废水中的微量汞的测定,结果满意。     

连续光催化净化染料废水放大实验的研究

本文设计研制了一套连续光催化净化染料废水的放大实验工艺流程并选用国产二氧化钛利用悬浮分散体系对染料酸性红G溶液和直接耐晒大红4BS工业废水进行连续降解。结果表明放大装置可使染料废水COD_cr降低并可脱色,催化剂能够良好分离并可回收再利用。     

污水处理新技术

由同济大学完成的难降解工业废水预处理新工艺——催化还原内电解法的研究,不久前通过技术鉴定,与会专家认为这一成果属于国际先进水平。 工业生产废水,如印染、染料、纺织、皮革、纸浆和石油化工等废水中含有许多生物难降解物质,传统的生物氧化方法     

聚天冬氨酸脱除贝肉匀浆液中的重金属镉

以四角蛤蜊贝肉匀浆液为材料,利用聚天冬氨酸(PASP)对镉的优良结合能力来脱除贝肉匀浆液中的重金属镉。考察了PASP浓度、p H、脱除时间、料液比对贝肉匀浆液中镉脱除率的影响,并在单因素试验基础上通过正交试验确定了脱除镉的优化条件。在PASP浓度0.05mol/L,p H 3.0,反应时间3h,料液比1∶10条件下,重金属镉的脱除率可达89.77%。因此,PASP可用于脱除贝肉匀浆液中的重金属镉。     

改性竹炭脱除贝类酶解液中的重金属镉

以蚶子贝肉酶解液为材料,利用聚天冬氨酸(PAsp)改性的竹炭吸附脱除酶解液中的重金属镉。考察了pH、脱除时间、竹炭投加量和温度对酶解液中镉脱除率的影响,并在单因素试验基础上通过响应面法确定了镉的最佳脱除条件。当pH为5.0、反应时间为25min、竹炭投加量(10m L酶解液)为0.26g,重金属镉的脱除率可达96.59%。研究表明,PAsp改性竹炭能显著提高吸附重金属的效率和能力,可用于脱除蚶子贝肉酶解液中的镉。     

The effect of gas environment on rolling oil removal from cold-rolled steel as studied by TG

Summary This study investigates mechanisms of cold rolling oil removal from the surface of low-carbon steel. The removal process has been probed using thermogravimetric analysis techniques. A range of furnace atmospheres, from non-oxidizing through to highly oxidising, have been used to simulate the oil removal conditions in the industrial process. The activation energies of oil removal under each gas atmosphere have been determined by MTG and the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. The results show that a reducing atmosphere is the optimal environment for effective oil removal. Steel-oil surface interactions have also been investigated to show that the steel substrate catalyses oil removal.     

亚临界水条件下煤中汞的脱除

运用半连续反应装置对山西吴家坪煤中汞在亚临界水中的脱除规律进行了研究。考察了反应温度为290 ℃、320 ℃ 、350 ℃、 380 ℃，反应压力为5 MPa、10 MPa、15 MPa,萃取时间为10 min、30 min、60 min、100 min时对汞脱除率的影响。结果表明，在290 ℃～380 ℃，随着温度升高，汞脱除率明显增加；在5 MPa～15 MPa，压力越大，汞的脱除率也越大；在10 min～100 min，随着萃取时间的延长，汞脱除率增加；在380 ℃, 15 MPa, 1 h，汞的脱除率最大可达96％以上。     

蜂窝状堇青石基CuO/Al2O3催化剂用于烟气同时脱硫脱硝的研究

考察了制备参数及反应条件对蜂窝状堇青石基CuO/Al2O3催化剂同时脱硫脱硝活性的影响。结果表明，添加碱金属可以提高脱硫活性, 但由于促进NH3氧化而降低了脱硝活性。为了获得理想的同时脱硫脱硝活性，催化剂的适宜载铜量为6.0％，载钠量为2.0％。随着反应温度从350 ℃升高到450 ℃，该催化剂的脱硫活性逐渐升高，再生后脱硫活性都有所下降，但仍具有活性随温度升高而升高的趋势，说明脱硫过程为反应控制型；但由于温度升高，NH3氧化加剧，脱硝活性逐渐降低，所以适宜操作温度为400 ℃。在1 450 h－1～3600 h－1范围内， 空速对脱硝活性影响不大， 对脱硫活性影响较大。 对于再生催化剂，当空速由3 600 h－1降低到2 300 h－1时，硫容（SO2转化率达80％时单位质量催化剂所吸附的SO2量）不断增加，继续降低空速时硫容基本保持不变，所以适宜操作空速为2 300 h－1以下。     

Removal of organic dyes from water by liquid-liquid extraction using reverse micelles

In the present work, solvent extraction using reverse micelles is proposed for the removal of organic dyes from water. In this approach, the dye is solubilized in the aqueous core of the reverse micelles, which are present in the organic phase. The organic phase is subsequently separated from the aqueous phase leading to signifi-cant removal of dye. Experimental results reveal that the electrostatic interaction between the oppositely charged surfactant head group present in the reverse micelles and the dye molecule plays a key role in the separation. The removal of the anionic methyl orange dye from water is carried out in the presence of cationic hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide surfactant, whereas the removal of the cationic methylene blue dye is carried out in the presence of anionic sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate surfactant. Amyl alcohol is used as the solvent. The influence of parameters such as dye concentrations, surfactant concentrations, pH, and KCl and NaBr concentrations on the percentage removal of dye was studied. The percentage removal of dye is decreased with the increase in dye concentration in the feed. The increase in surfactant concentration resulted in higher dye removal, because more reverse micelles could be hosted in the organic phase. The increase in aqueous phase pH resulted in enhanced removal of methyl orange from water, while in the case of methylene blue the percentage removal decreased. The increase in KCl and NaBr concentrations resulted in decreased percentage removal of methylene blue, whereas the percentage removal of methyl orange was increased. The effect of pH and salt concentration is explained based on charge transfer mechanism and electrostatic interactions and dye-surfactant complex formation.     

Remediation of soil/concrete contaminated with uranium and radium by biological method

Biological method was studied for remediation of soil/concrete contaminated with uranium and radium. Optimum experiment conditions for mixing ratios of penatron and soil, and the pH of soil was obtained through several bioremediations with soil contaminated with uranium and radium. It was found that an optimum mixing ratio of penatron for bioremediation of uranium soil was 1 %. Also, the optimum pH condition for bioremediation of soil contaminated with uranium and radium was 7.5. The removal efficiencies of uranium and radium from higher concentration of soil were rather reduced in comparison with those from lower concentration of soil. Meanwhile, the removal of uranium and radium in concrete by bioremediation is possible but the removal rate from concrete was slower than that from soil. The removal efficiencies of uranium and radium from soil under injection of 1 % penatron at pH 7.5 for 120 days were 81.2 and 81.6 %, respectively, and the removal efficiencies of uranium and radium from concrete under the same condition were 63.0 and 45.2 %, respectively. Beyond 30 days, removal rates of uranium and radium from soil and concrete by bioremediation was very slow.     

Nitrate Removal and Nitrate Removal Velocity in Coastal Louisiana Freshwater Wetlands

Nitrate removal and nitrate removal velocity rate were determined for Mississippi River deltaic plain forested-tupelo dominated wetland, and a floating emergent freshwater marsh. Nitrate removal rate from floodwater was 19.45 and 48.90 mg N m^?2 d^?1 for two forested-tupelo wetland sites and 48.41 and 46.98 mg N m^?2 d^?1 at two floating emergent freshwater marsh sites. The removal velocity constants (k) of NO₃-N ranged from 0.44 to 1.44 per day for the four site studies. Removal velocity of nitrate from the water column was faster in the floating emergent marsh cores than from the forested wetland course, which contained more sediment. Results demonstrated that removal velocity is an important parameter when estimating nitrate removal from floodwater. Results also demonstrated the two freshwater wetland habitats had a high capacity for processing any nitrate entering the wetlands from adjacent agriculture area. Removal was attributed to denitrification and diffusion.     

煤热解过程中氯析出模型的建立

运用Boltzmann函数对实验数据进行拟合，建立了煤在热解过程中氯析出的模型。模型值与实验值的相对误差较小，模型较好地反映了实验结果的规律性。文中还提出了以t10、t50、和t90来表示氯析出10w%、50w%和90w%时对应的热解温度，以△t80表示热解时氯析出主要的温度区间。在此基础上的实验结果分析表明，氯析出率在10w%～90w%之间煤的对应的热解温度区间不同。在热解温度为900 ℃时，煤中氯析出率可达90w%以上。     

Design of free‐standing microstructured conducting polymer films for enhanced particle removal from non‐uniform surfaces

Efficient removal of particles from topologically‐complex surfaces is of significant import for a range of applications (e.g., explosive residue removal in security arenas). Here, we synthesize next‐generation polymeric particle removal swabs with tuned structural features to elucidate the influence of the polymer microstructure on the removal of trace particles from surfaces. Specifically, microstructured free‐standing films of the conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy) were synthesized through template‐assisted electropolymerization techniques. The removal of polystyrene microspheres from representative aluminum surfaces of varying roughness was evaluated as a function of the PPy microstructure. PPy‐based microstructured swabs displayed increased particle trapping properties relative to non‐textured PPy‐based swabs and current commercial swabs. This increased effectiveness occurred from the more intimate particle‐swab contact, leading to increased van der Waals interactions for the microstructured swabs. Therefore, this effort provides critical design rules for the production of microstructured conducting polymer materials for their application toward advanced particle removal technologies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 1968–1974