Uniform Exponential Dichotomy and Continuity of Attractors for Singularly Perturbed Damped Wave Equations

For , we consider a family of damped wave equations , where − Λ denotes the Laplacian with zero Dirichlet boundary condition in L ²(Ω). For a dissipative nonlinearity f satisfying a suitable growth restrictions these equations define on the phase space semigroups which have global attractors A _η, . We show that the family , behaves upper and lower semicontinuously as the parameter η tends to 0⁺.     

Oscillating Solutions and Large ω-limit Sets in a Degenerate Parabolic Equation

The paper deals with positive solutions of the initial-boundary value problem for with zero Dirichlet data in a smoothly bounded domain . Here is positive on (0,∞) with f(0) = 0, and λ₁ is exactly the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of −Δ in Ω. In this setting, (*) may possess oscillating solutions in presence of a sufficiently strong degeneracy. More precisely, writing , it is shown that if then there exist global classical solutions of (*) satisfying and . Under the additional structural assumption , s > 0, this result can be sharpened: If then (*) has a global solution with its ω-limit set being the ordered arc that consists of all nonnegative multiples of the principal Laplacian eigenfunction. On the other hand, under the above additional assumption the opposite condition ensures that all solutions of (*) will stabilize to a single equilibrium.      

A Variational Approach to the Fredholm Alternative for the p-Laplacian near the First Eigenvalue

We are concerned with the existence of a weak solution to the degenerate quasi-linear Dirichlet boundary value problem

Regional Blow-up for a Doubly Nonlinear Parabolic Equation with a Nonlinear Boundary Condition

In this work, positive solutions to a doubly nonlinear parabolic equation with a nonlinear boundary condition are considered. We study the problem where 0 < m, r, α < ∞ are parameters. It is known that for some values of the parameters there are solutions that blow up in finite time. We determine in terms of α ,m, r the blow-up sets for these solutions. We prove that single point blow-up occurs if max{m, r} < α, global blow-up appears for the range of parameters 0 < m < α < r and regional blow-up takes place if 0 < m < α = r and . In this case the blow-up set consists of the interval .     

Non-autonomous 2D Navier–Stokes System with Singularly Oscillating External Force and its Global Attractor

We study the global attractor of the non-autonomous 2D Navier–Stokes (N.–S.) system with singularly oscillating external force of the form . If the functions g ₀(x, t) and g ₁ (z, t) are translation bounded in the corresponding spaces, then it is known that the global attractor is bounded in the space H, however, its norm may be unbounded as since the magnitude of the external force is growing. Assuming that the function g ₁ (z, t) has a divergence representation of the form where the functions (see Section 3), we prove that the global attractors of the N.–S. equations are uniformly bounded with respect to for all . We also consider the “limiting” 2D N.–S. system with external force g ₀(x, t). We have found an estimate for the deviation of a solution of the original N.–S. system from a solution u ⁰(x, t) of the “limiting” N.–S. system with the same initial data. If the function g ₁ (z, t) admits the divergence representation, the functions g ₀(x, t) and g ₁ (z, t) are translation compact in the corresponding spaces, and , then we prove that the global attractors converges to the global attractor of the “limiting” system as in the norm of H. In the last section, we present an estimate for the Hausdorff deviation of from of the form: in the case, when the global attractor is exponential (the Grashof number of the “limiting” 2D N.–S. system is small).      

The Asymptotic Finite-dimensional Character of a Spectrally-hyperviscous Model of 3D Turbulent Flow

We obtain attractor and inertial-manifold results for a class of 3D turbulent flow models on a periodic spatial domain in which hyperviscous terms are added spectrally to the standard incompressible Navier–Stokes equations (NSE). Let P _m be the projection onto the first m eigenspaces of A =−Δ, let μ and α be positive constants with α ≥3/2, and let Q _m =I − P _m , then we add to the NSE operators μ A _φ in a general family such that A _φ≥Q _m A ^α in the sense of quadratic forms. The models are motivated by characteristics of spectral eddy-viscosity (SEV) and spectral vanishing viscosity (SVV) models. A distinguished class of our models adds extra hyperviscosity terms only to high wavenumbers past a cutoff λ _m0 where m ₀ ≤ m, so that for large enough m ₀ the inertial-range wavenumbers see only standard NSE viscosity. We first obtain estimates on the Hausdorff and fractal dimensions of the attractor (respectively and ). For a constant K _α on the order of unity we show if μ ≥ ν that and if μ ≤ ν that where ν is the standard viscosity coefficient, l ₀ = λ₁^−1/2 represents characteristic macroscopic length, and is the Kolmogorov length scale, i.e. where is Kolmogorov’s mean rate of dissipation of energy in turbulent flow. All bracketed constants and K _α are dimensionless and scale-invariant. The estimate grows in m due to the term λ _m /λ₁ but at a rate lower than m ^3/5, and the estimate grows in μ as the relative size of ν to μ. The exponent on is significantly less than the Landau–Lifschitz predicted value of 3. If we impose the condition , the estimates become for μ ≥ ν and for μ ≤ ν. This result holds independently of α, with K _α and c _α independent of m. In an SVV example μ ≥ ν, and for μ ≤ ν aspects of SEV theory and observation suggest setting for 1/c within α orders of magnitude of unity, giving the estimate where c _α is within an order of magnitude of unity. These choices give straight-up or nearly straight-up agreement with the Landau–Lifschitz predictions for the number of degrees of freedom in 3D turbulent flow with m so large that (e.g. in the distinguished-class case for m ₀ large enough) we would expect our solutions to be very good if not virtually indistinguishable approximants to standard NSE solutions. We would expect lower choices of λ _m (e.g. with a > 1) to still give good NSE approximation with lower powers on l ₀/l _ε, showing the potential of the model to reduce the number of degrees of freedom needed in practical simulations. For the choice , motivated by the Chapman–Enskog expansion in the case m = 0, the condition becomes , giving agreement with Landau–Lifschitz for smaller values of λ _m then as above but still large enough to suggest good NSE approximation. Our final results establish the existence of a inertial manifold for reasonably wide classes of the above models using the Foias/Sell/Temam theory. The first of these results obtains such an of dimension N > m for the general class of operators A _φ if α > 5/2. The special class of A _φ such that P _m A _φ = 0 and Q _m A _φ ≥ Q _m A ^α has a unique spectral-gap property which we can use whenever α ≥ 3/2 to show that we have an inertial manifold of dimension m if m is large enough. As a corollary, for most of the cases of the operators A _φ in the distinguished-class case that we expect will be typically used in practice we also obtain an , now of dimension m ₀ for m ₀ large enough, though under conditions requiring generally larger m ₀ than the m in the special class. In both cases, for large enough m (respectively m ₀), we have an inertial manifold for a system in which the inertial range essentially behaves according to standard NSE physics, and in particular trajectories on are controlled by essentially NSE dynamics.      

Full Measure Reducibility for Generic One-parameter Family of Quasi-periodic Linear Systems

Let be the set of m × m matrices A(λ) depending analytically on a parameter λ in a closed interval . Consider one-parameter families of quasi-periodic linear differential equations: , where is analytic and sufficiently small. We prove that there is an open and dense set in , such that for each the equation can be reduced to an equation with constant coefficients by a quasi-periodic linear transformation for almost all in Lebesgue measure sense provided that g is sufficiently small. The result gives an affirmative answer to a conjecture of Eliasson (In: Proceeding of Symposia in Pure Mathematics). Dedicated to Professor Zhifen Zhang on the occasion of her 80th birthday     

Invertible Contractions and Asymptotically Stable ODE’S that are not \mathcal{C}^{1}-Linearizable

We present an example of a contraction diffeomorphism in infinite dimensions that is not -linearizable, and we construct a regular ordinary differential equation in a Hilbert space whose time-one map is that diffeomorphism. With this we have an example of an asymptotically stable ODE that is not -conjugate to its linear part.     

Spatial and Dynamical Chaos Generated by Reaction–Diffusion Systems in Unbounded Domains

We consider in this article a nonlinear reaction–diffusion system with a transport term (L,∇ _x )u, where L is a given vector field, in an unbounded domain Ω. We prove that, under natural assumptions, this system possesses a locally compact attractor in the corresponding phase space. Since the dimension of this attractor is usually infinite, we study its Kolmogorov’s ɛ-entropy and obtain upper and lower bounds of this entropy. Moreover, we give a more detailed study of the spatio-temporal chaos generated by the spatially homogeneous RDS in . In order to describe this chaos, we introduce an extended (n + 1)-parametrical semigroup, generated on the attractor by 1-parametrical temporal dynamics and by n-parametrical group of spatial shifts ( = spatial dynamics). We prove that this extended semigroup has finite topological entropy, in contrast to the case of purely temporal or purely spatial dynamics, where the topological entropy is infinite. We also modify the concept of topological entropy in such a way that the modified one is finite and strictly positive, in particular for purely temporal and for purely spatial dynamics on the attractor. In order to clarify the nature of the spatial and temporal chaos on the attractor, we use (following Zelik, 2003, Comm. Pure. Appl. Math. 56(5), 584–637) another model dynamical system, which is an adaptation of Bernoulli shifts to the case of infinite entropy and construct homeomorphic embeddings of it into the spatial and temporal dynamics on . As a corollary of the obtained embeddings, we finally prove that every finite dimensional dynamics can be realized (up to a homeomorphism) by restricting the temporal dynamics to the appropriate invariant subset of .     

The Boundary Riemann Solver Coming from the Real Vanishing Viscosity Approximation

We study the limit of the hyperbolic–parabolic approximation

Radial Solutions and Phase Separation in a System of Two Coupled Schrödinger Equations

We consider the nonlinear elliptic system

Persistence of Semi-Trajectories

We consider diffeomorphisms f of a smooth compact riemannian mainfold M and its suspension flow . Assuming some regularity of the stable (unstable) sets at the points we prove the persistence in the future of {f ⁿ (x), n ≥ 0} or , i.e., that C ⁰ small perturbations g of f have a semi-trajectory that closely shadows {f ⁿ (x), n ≥ 0} and that the suspension of g has also a semi-trajectory that closely shadows . In case x belongs to a minimal set of f we show that the assumptions concerning the regularity of stable and unstable sets could be reduced to a neighbourhood of x.     

Existence of a Solution “in the Large” for Ocean Dynamics Equations

For the system of equations describing the large-scale ocean dynamics, an existence and uniqueness theorem is proved “in the large”. This system is obtained from the 3D Navier–Stokes equations by changing the equation for the vertical velocity component u ₃ under the assumption of smallness of a domain in z-direction, and a nonlinear equation for the density function ρ is added. More precisely, it is proved that for an arbitrary time interval [0, T], any viscosity coefficients and any initial conditions

Vector potential–vorticity relationship for the Stokes flows: application to the Stokes eigenmodes in 2D/3D closed domain

The unsteady dynamics of the Stokes flows, where , is shown to verify the vector potential–vorticity ( ) correlation , where the field is the pressure-gradient vector potential defined by . This correlation is analyzed for the Stokes eigenmodes, , subjected to no-slip boundary conditions on any two-dimensional (2D) closed contour or three-dimensional (3D) surface. It is established that an asymptotic linear relationship appears, verified in the core part of the domain, between the vector potential and vorticity, , where is a constant offset field, possibly zero.     

Realization of Period Maps of Planar Hamiltonian Systems

We consider the set of 2π-periodic solutions of the ordinary differential equation u′′ + g(u) = 0 for a nonlinearity , satisfying a dissipative condition of the form for , and under the generic assumption that the potential G, given by , is a Morse function. Under these assumptions, we characterize the period maps realizable by planar Hamiltonian systems of the form . Considering the Morse type of G, the set of periodic orbits in the phase space is decomposed into disks and annular regions. Then, the realizable period maps are described in terms of sets of sequences of positive integers corresponding to the lap numbers of the 2π-periodic solutions. This leads to a characterization of the classes of Morse–Smale attractors that are realizable by dissipative semilinear parabolic equations of the form defined on the circle, .      

Uniqueness and Nonuniqueness of Viscosity Solutions to Aronsson’s Equation

For a bounded domain and , assume that is convex and coercive, and that has no interior points. Then we establish the uniqueness of viscosity solutions to the Dirichlet problem of Aronsson’s equation:

Nonlinear Eigenvalues for a Quasilinear Elliptic System in Orlicz–Sobolev Spaces

Using an Orlicz–Sobolev Space setting, we consider an eigenvalue problem for a system of the form

Lagrangian Approach to the Study of Level Sets: Application to a Free Boundary Problem in Climatology

We study the dynamics and regularity of level sets in solutions of the semilinear parabolic equation