Light absorption by a two-dimensional quantum dot superlattice

The monochromatic light absorption in an ideal two-dimensional quantum dot superlattice (QDSL) is considered theoretically. Calculations of the absorption coefficient are done in both the absence and presence of a homogeneous DC electric field with rational and irrational orientations. The explicit dependencies of the absorption coefficient on the frequency of the light, the QDSL parameters and the strength of the electric field are found. Some numerical results for GaAs—Ga_0.7Al_0.3As QDSL are obtained.     

Cooling-down of thermal thick probes after flash excitation – A measure for the real energy density?

Though flash lamps are one of the most applied heat sources in the field of Thermographic Testing (TT) using active thermography, only little is known about the actually achieved energy input into test objects. In this paper, an easy to realize sensor concept is proposed and experimentally evaluated. The concept is based on the measurement of the surface temperature of a thermal thick probe after flash excitation. After considering the sensor concept with FEM simulations the experimental investigation of four materials (two polymer and two building materials) is described. It will be shown that a suited coating is essential for the realization of the sensor concept. The experimental results prove the suitability of black rigid PVC as the most promising material. Using a coated PVC sample the energy density of short laser pulses, similar to flashes of flash lamps, could be determined exactly with an estimated relative uncertainty of only a few percent.     

Thermal Analysis for Velocity,Kinetics, and Enthalpy Reaction Measurements in Microfluidic Devices

Abstract

The aim of this work is to present new devices for the measurement of velocity, kinetics, and enthalpy of chemical reactions occurring in a microfluidic chip, co-flow, or droplets flow. The thermal analysis goes from the macroscopic approach by microcalorimetry to microscopic analysis inside the microchannel by IR thermography. Concerning microcalorimetry, the enthalpy is deduced from the measurement of the global heat flux dissipated by the chemical reaction as a function of the molar flow rate. A validation is presented on a well-known acid-base reaction. This device can be combined with an IR camera for local characterization. The processing of the measured temperature fields allows the estimation of properties of great importance for chemical engineers, such as heating source distribution (i.e., the kinetics) of the chemical reaction along the channel. A validation experiment of a temperature field processing method is proposed with the Joule effect. From such a previous experiment, a Peclet field is estimated and used in a further step in order to study an acid-base co-flow configuration. Finally, a first tentative of thermal characterization inside droplets flow during an acid-base chemical reaction is also presented.     

Spectral Investigation of Neodymium and Praseodymium Nitrobenzoic Acid Complexes in the Region 4000-250 cm−1

The infrared absorption spectra of acetylacetonates of divalent ions^1,2 of Co, Ni, Cu and Pd; trivalent ions³ of Al, Fe, Mn and Cr and tetravalent ions^4,5 of Zr and Hf have been studied, but very little work has been reported in case of aromatic acid complexes of rare-earth metals. Consequently, it was thought worthwhile to carry out present investigation to obtain a detailed information about the geometry of the molecule and the nature of the metal-oxygen bond in the complexes. The present communication reports the infrared absorption spectra of the complexes of p-nitro benzoic acid with Nd³⁺ and Pr³⁺ metals, presumably for the first time. The results have been discussed on the basis of theoretically calculated different modes of vibration. An attempt has been made to investigate the nature of metal-oxygen bonding in the complexes.     

Properties of IR Absorption Spectra of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconducting Material

Abstract

We used the co-decomposition method to make the Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor samples (T_c = 112K) under oxygen partial pressure. Oxygen dependence of high-T_c phase was studied. The infrared absorption spectra of (Bi_1?xPb_x)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_10+σ superconductor were measured at various temperatures from 98 to 290K. A new IR absorption peak was observed at 1265 cm^?1 below 217K. The intensity of this peak became stronger with temperature decreasing.     

红外热不对称分析用于面神经功能损伤的客观评估

健康人体的温度分布存在一种双侧对称性,当面神经功能受损时,将改变这种热分布的对称性。人体热量大多通过红外辐射的形式散发,因此利用红外热成像技术可以有效捕捉这种红外热辐射分布的改变。本文提出一种新的热不对称分析的方法——有效热面积比,即计算面部特定区域与对侧区域的温差乘以温度异常区面积与总面积之比。利用这种方法对面神经功能损伤的患者和健康人群作对照性试验,结果显示:此方法的特异性和敏感性平均为0.90和0.87,比常规方法提高了7%和26%,有效热面积比与面神经功能的损伤程度正相关,平均为0.664。因此,关于诊断和评估面神经功能,红外热成像是一种有力的工具,有效热面积比是一项高效的临床指标。     

Infrared thermography of masonry structures

The attention of the present paper was devoted to nondestructive evaluation of masonry structures with a Focal Plane Array infrared camera. Tests were carried out in laboratory on specimens, which simulated one- and two-layer structures, with defects of different geometry and nature and located at different depths. The defects detection was analysed through a cause/effect relationship between the characteristics of defects and hosting material and the observed defect thermal signature, or contrast, on the hosting material.     

Estimation of thermophysical properties by an inverse method with experimentally determined heating region of a thin-layer heater

This paper deals with the problem of estimation of thermophysical parameters by an inverse method. The thermal conductivity in radial and axial direction of a cylindrical sample and the heat capacity were simultaneously estimated using the Levenberg–Marquardt method of minimizing a mean square functional. As heat sources the thin-layer heater KHR 2/10 of diameter  = 50 mm and thickness 0.20 mm made by OMEGA as well as the Kanthal resistance wire of diameter  = 0.1 mm in a form of semicircle were simultaneously used. The main aim of using these two heaters simultaneously, both placed at one of the sample interfaces, was to generate heat fluxes in axial and additionally in radial direction. However, measurements of temperature distribution on the main surface of the thin-layer heater by using the FLIR Systems (ThermaCAM SC 3000 infrared camera) revealed a spatial heterogeneity of its temperature field, and therefore it was necessary to determine the effective heating region of that heater indispensable for solving of the coefficient inverse problem of heat conduction.     

电场诱导水的太赫兹透射特性研究

许多生物分子自身的转动、振动或分子团的整体振动模式都位于太赫兹波段内,因此可以利用太赫兹光谱技术对生物分子进行检测.同时又由于太赫兹波的光子能量仅为毫电子伏量级,不会对分子的内部结构造成破坏,所以太赫兹时域光谱技术在生物检测方面具有良好的应用前景.众所周知,绝大多数的生物分子只有在液体条件下才能发挥其生物活性,所以研究...     

Improvement of building wall surface temperature measurements by infrared thermography

By using quantitative thermal scanning of building surface structures, it is possible to access the temperature field. For further calculation of the heat flux exchanged by these structures with the environment, one must quantify as finely as possible the temperature field on the bodies surfaces. For this purpose we have to take into account that real bodies are not black, which implies that a part of the ambient radiation received by the infrared camera detectors is reflected radiation. In this paper, we present a method to quantify the reflected flux by using an infrared mirror, which allows large surface temperature measurements by infrared thermography under near-ambient conditions with improved accuracy. In order to validate the method, an experimental study was carried out on a multi-layer wall, which simulated an insulation default. A good agreement was noticed between the thermocouple temperatures and the infrared corrected ones. Then, the method is applied to outdoor measurements.     

红外光幕靶测速系统和精度分析

介绍了弹丸初速度测量的不同方法;讨论了红外光幕靶的测速原理;分析了该系统的测速误差;由实弹射击试验证明:红外光幕靶测速系统达到小于0.1%的测速精度.     

氧化钛薄膜调控金属铜的表面等离子体共振特性研究

提出了一种利用氧化钛薄膜对金属铜薄膜表面等离子体共振特性调制的想法。实验中首先使用电子束蒸发制备一批同等厚度的氧化钛薄膜,再利用磁控溅射方法在氧化钛薄膜上沉积厚度为5～80 nm不等的金属铜薄膜。测试结果表明,氧化钛膜层对不同厚度的金属铜薄膜表面等离子体共振增强具有不同调制效果,金属铜薄膜厚度小于20 nm时,底层的氧化钛薄膜对Cu薄膜表面等离子体共振增强效果显著,且随着金属Cu膜层厚度增加表面等离子体共振峰发生蓝移,而当金属铜膜层的厚度超过20 nm时,共振增强效果因金属Cu薄膜消光能力的上升而开始减弱。     

Automatic metal parts inspection: Use of thermographic images and anomaly detection algorithms

A fully-automatic approach based on the use of induction thermography and detection algorithms is proposed to inspect industrial metallic parts containing different surface and sub-surface anomalies such as open cracks, open and closed notches with different sizes and depths. A practical experimental setup is developed, where lock-in and pulsed thermography (LT and PT, respectively) techniques are used to establish a dataset of thermal images for three different mockups. Data cubes are constructed by stacking up the temporal sequence of thermogram images. After the reduction of the data space dimension by means of denoising and dimensionality reduction methods; anomaly detection algorithms are applied on the reduced data cubes. The dimensions of the reduced data spaces are automatically calculated with arbitrary criterion. The results show that, when reduced data cubes are used, the anomaly detection algorithms originally developed for hyperspectral data, the well-known Reed and Xiaoli Yu detector (RX) and the regularized adaptive RX (RARX), give good detection performances for both surface and sub-surface defects in a non-supervised way.     

A survey on infrared thermography for convective heat transfer measurements

During the past several years infrared thermography has evolved into a powerful investigative means of thermo-fluid-dynamic analysis to measure convective heat fluxes as well as to investigate the surface flow field behaviour over complicated body shapes. The basic concepts that govern this innovative measurement technique together with some particular aspects linked to its use are herein reviewed. Different operating methods together with their implementations are also discussed. Finally, the capability of infrared thermography to deal with several simple, or complex, fluid flow configurations is analysed.     

A Method for Removing the Effect of the Camera Radiance on the Infrared Image

The radiance coming from the interior of an uncooled infrared camera has significant effect on the quality of an infrared image. The classical two-point-correction (TPC) method fails to remove this effect where no TPC data is collected. To overcome this deficit, this paper presents a three-phase scheme. First, from a set of samples and through least squares fitting, how the TPC datum varies with the interior temperature of the camera is determined. On this basis, all the necessary TPC data are calculated. Finally, the collected infrared image is corrected with the TPC method. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that, for a proper interior temperature of the camera, the scheme can remove the effect effectively.